what was the status of enslaved people in the Medieval Muslim world?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

La historia del comercio árabe de esclavos está relacionada con la práctica de la esclavitud en el mundo islámico, principalmente en Asia Occidental, África del Norte, África Oriental y algunos lugares de Europa (como la península ibérica, el sur de Italia durante el período de dominación musulmana, o el Imperio otomano) y actualmente en algunos países musulmanes del Sahel. El comercio árabe de esclavos se concentraba en los mercados esclavistas de Oriente Medio y el norte de África. Los esclavos con los que se comerciaba no estaban limitados a ningún tipo de color, etnia o religión, y entre ellos se incluían árabes y bereberes, especialmente en los primeros tiempos de la esclavitud musulmana.

Posteriormente, durante los siglos VIII y IX, en la época del califato islámico, la mayoría de los esclavos musulmanes eran obtenidos principalmente a partir de los pueblos eslavos (de donde derivaría la palabra esclavo en varios idiomas) de la Europa Oriental, (llamados Saqaliba por los musulmanes), persas, turcos, pueblos de las montañas del Cáucaso, como los georgianos, armenios y circasianos, así como pueblos de Asia Central, Escandinavia, bereberes del norte de África y otros pueblos de origen variado, como pueblos negros de origen africano.

A partir del siglo XVIII los esclavos del mundo musulmán llegaron mayoritariamente del sur del Sahara, y especialmente de África Oriental, hasta que la esclavitud fue oficialmente abolida a finales del siglo XIX.1​2​3​4​ No obstante, la esclavitud todavía sobrevive actualmente en el mundo musulmán de forma mucho más limitada o camuflada bajo prácticas abusivas o clandestinas en los países árabes del Golfo Pérsico, donde llegan mujeres y niños de los antiguos Estados soviéticos, Europa Oriental, el Lejano Oriente, África, el sur de Asia y otras partes de Oriente Medio.5​6​7​

Todas las sociedades musulmanas han sido esclavistas, desde Arabia al este de África, de Persia a Indonesia o la antigua España islámica.[cita requerida] Algunos Estados musulmanes como el Imperio otomano, el kanato de Crimea y Sokoto, fueron sociedades basadas en la esclavitud. Se calcula que unos 10-18 millones de subsaharianos fueron vendidos en países musulmanes.8​9​ Entre el año 1530 a 1780, alrededor de 1,25 millones de europeos fueron esclavizados en el norte de África10​ y otros 2-3 millones de eslavos fueron vendidos por el Kanato de Crimea, en donde el 75% de la población estaba compuesta por esclavos.11​12​ En una sola razia, en el año 1769 fueron capturadas unas 20 000 personas en una de las últimas cometidas por Crimea.13​

A pesar de la abolición de la esclavitud, cientos de personas siguen siendo esclavizadas por musulmanes en diferentes países. Tan sólo en 2014, más de 260 niñas fueron vendidas en el norte de Nigeria por islamistas. Las razias también son frecuentes en Kenia, en donde otras 12 mujeres fueron raptadas el mismo año.14​15​ Otros 35.000 cristianos son actualmente esclavos en Sudán, en donde se siguen los preceptos de la Sharia.


Related Questions

What contributions or changes did the Greeks make towards advancing our practice of Governing?

Answers

Answer:

Greeks created the first forms of democratic governments, which led to division of power, but also of larger influence of people in the decision making. The best example for this is Athens, that brought many laws and also created many democratic institutions.

Explanation:

In Ancient Greece there were different forms of government in city-states, but in some of them, to be concrete in Athens, we have the creation of a system that preceded today's democracy. In general, there were institutions, such as ecclesia in which adult citizens had the possibility to participate in the process of decision making.

Jamestown’s House of Burgesses
A: was an assembly appointed by King James I.
B: was an assembly of elected representatives.
C: was built by the Virginia Company.
D: was home to the colony’s first royal governor.

Answers

Answer: C. It was a assembly of elected representatives.

Explanation:

Pax Ramona Part A which statement describes the central idea of the text?

Answers

Hello. You forgot to enter the answer options. The options are:

A. The Pax Romana was a period of peace and success because power was given to the people.

B. While the Roman Empire had several emperors who varied in success during the Pax Romana, it was ultimately a time of accomplishment.

C. The Pax Romana was a time of peace in the Roman Empire that consisted of one successful emperor after another.

D. Augustus was a successful Emperor because he adopted a similar leadership style to Julius Caesar.

Answer:

B. While the Roman Empire had several emperors who varied in success during the Pax Romana, it was ultimately a time of accomplishment.

Explanation:

The article reports how Pax Ramona was a period of great prosperity for the Roman empire, where there was peace, economic, academic, artistic and social growth. The article focuses on the different emperors who commanded the Roman empire during this period and shows the points of their successes and failures and the way they governed. The article states that although there were many differences of government and many problematic emperors, there were many good emperors and this allowed this period of prosperity to happen and be prolonged.

The list describes a portion of President Andrew Johnson's plan for Reconstruction.
• Former Confederate soldiers who took an oath of allegiance would be granted pardons.
• Southern states would regain governmental powers after meeting certain conditions.
• Slaves were granted freedom under the Thirteenth Amendment.
Which statement best explains why the Radical Republicans were opposed to this plan?
A.It created agencies that protected the rights of former slaves.
B.It appointed temporary governors to head Confederate states.
C.It allowed the election of former Confederate soldiers to public office.
D.It permitted the presence of military forces in the former rebel states.

Answers

Answer:

ts A because it is protecting the African American

Explanation:

Why did Buddhism spread throughout India during the rule of the Mauryan
Empire?

Answers

Answer: The emperor Ashoka the Great encouraged all Indians to practice Buddhism

Explanation: I just took the test and this was the correct answer

What was Upton Sinclair’s main purpose in writing The Jungle?
to promote the socialist views that he adopted as an adult
to explain why journalists had an obligation to tell the truth
to arouse public sympathy for slaughterhouse workers
to prompt Congress to pass food-safety laws

Answers

Answer:

it's C

Explanation:

right on edge2020

Upton Sinclair’s purpose in writing The Jungle was to arouse public sympathy for slaughterhouse workers.

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair pointed out the violations of meatpacking production. The book looked upon the worker's condition in the factories.The book also focuses on poor sanitation and hygiene. Workers in factories were given less wages with no sanitation.

Therefore we can conclude that Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle looked upon the condition of the workers working in meatpacking factories.

Thus option C. is the correct answer.

Learn more about "Upton Sinclair" here:

brainly.in/question/5837434

Match the terms with the appropriate definition.

1. Unpaid work done for a person or an organization
volunteer work
2. Any task that is useful
work permit
3. A state-required legal document giving employees younger than eighteen years old permission to work
want
4. A good or service that is desirable but not necessary
workforce
5. Wage amount after deductions are withheld
lifestyle budget
6. Lists the costs of items you choose to spend your money on
net wage
7. The people who are both able and willing to work
work

Answers

1. volunteer work
2. Work
3. Work permit
4. Want
5. Net wage
6. Lifestyle budget
7. Workforce

In the late 1800s, European immigration to the U.S. increased due to:


A.religious and political oppression.

B.lack of jobs in Europe.

C.the restrictions of European social class structure.

D.All of these choices are correct.

Answers

Answer:

D. All of these choices are correct

Explanation:

Immigrants came for a variety of reasons. That could be economic, cultural, or unjust oppression.

Read the statement. The legislative branch is known as the “_[blank]_ Branch” of the federal government. Which best completes the sentence?
Citizens’
Your
People’s
Americans’

Answers

Answer: People’s

Explanation: it is the branch on which the citizens of the U.S. have the greatest impact and influence :)

Why were Central European liberals unable to capitalize on their initial successes in the 1848 revolutions?

Answers

Answer:

The revolutions of 1848 failed to achieve their goals because of a lack of strong allies and support, weak military support of the rulers, and the division among the revolutionaries.

Explanation:

hope this helps

In 1848 many revolutionaries manifested against the European rulers. They were widespread everywhere in the European countries but desisted up in failures.

Central European liberals were not victorious in these revolutions as they eliminated many participants.

The robust establishment of the administration could not happen.

The rebellion collapsed because it lacked many collaborators and supporters.

Revolutionaries were distributed among them and did not have unity.

The leaders and revolutionaries also lacked armed support.

Therefore, Central European liberals were unable to capitalize on their initial victories in the revolutions.

To learn more about 1848 Revolutions follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/8161440

The GDP is important because it is a measure of the economy’s overall economic


debt.

strength.

weakness.

performance.

Answers

Answer:

D. performance.

Explanation:

GDP known as gross domestic product, is the dollar value of all final output produced within the borders of the nation during a specific period of time. Under a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) calculation for an economy, the current dollar value of the finished goods and services within the country is used. Since it is a measure that uses the current dollar value, it also include changes in price due to inflation or an increase in price in the economy

The GDP is important because it is a measure of the economy’s overall economic performance.

Answer:

The GDP is important because it is a measure of the economy's overall economic PeRfOrMaNcE.

Explanation:

“Does development mean progress?"

Answers

Answer:

yep

Explanation:

Answer: yeah kinda

Explanation:

1. Describe how sumer met the three critical of a civilization. Use specific examples write down__________
2. How did the geography of a Mesopotamia contribute to the development of early civilization there? _________________
3. describe the three principal ways civilization spreads from one region to another. Type the answer please_____________

Answers

Answer:

Below on explanation

Explanation:

1. Summer helped crops grow and gave people vitamins.

2. Geography in Mesopotamia helped it to flourish because hills gave them an advantage in wars they had. *This is an inference*

3. The religion got popular so people wanted to partake in it.

"Everything that is right or natural pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, 'TIS
TIME TO PART."
From which document does this quote come from?
A
Common Sense
B
Mayflower Compact
с
English Bill of Rights
D
Magna Carta

Answers

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

The given quote is taken from the document written by Thomas Paine titled 'Common Sense.'

The pamphlet was written by Paine in 1775 minuting the arguments about two major factors: America's independence from British rule and formation of a democratic government.

In the given quote, Paine is addressing to his audience that they have been ruled long enough by British monarch, now it is time to part their ways, which means to fight for their independence.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A, text is taken from Common Sense written by Thomas Paine.

A detailed written plan for a national government is known as... *

a constitution
a declaration of independence
a confederation
an article

Answers

Answer:

constitution

Explanation:

took the quiz and got it correct ♪(´▽`)

What is a treaty?
O A.
an informal agreement between two or more
OB.
a formal agreement between two heads of sta
O c.
an informal agreement between two heads of s
OD.
a formal agreement between two or more nati

Answers

Answer:

a formal concluded and ratified agreement between 2 country's.

It’s C trust me I did this on my test

Select the statements below that equal 36.

Answers

Answer:

F.

Explanation:

6+6+6+6+6= 30 (6 * 5= 30)

ANSWER:

Letter B and letter D and letter E

What was true about African Americans in the military?

Answers

Most African Americans were deployed to support roles

Material and nonmaterial culture often influence each other. How is this BEST demonstrated?

- When people started buying televisions, the sales of couches also increased.
- Because of the invention of cell phones, people changed their norms of communication.
- When people believe that everyone is equal, they fight for equal rights for everyone.
- Because there are newer computers, people have to buy newer software programs.

Answers

Answer:

When people believe that everyone is equal, they fight for equal rights for everyone.

Answer:

Because of the invention of cell phones, people changed their norms of communication.

Explanation:


TRUE FALSE
Manufacturing, construction, and custodial work are examples of blue-collar jobs.
T. True F. False

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

._.

One of the main causes of the reformation in Europe was the?

Answers

Causes of Reformation. The start of the 16th century, many events led to the Protestant reformation. Clergy abuse caused people to begin criticizing the Catholic Church. The greed and scandalous lives of the clergy had created a split between them and the peasants.

Best I can do.

How did the industrial revolution change how war fought

Answers

Answer:

It allowed for new machinery to be produced and at a much fast rate than ever before. This increase in technology combined with old war tactics led to total carnage that shocked the world.

Explanation:

Where is the Arabian Sea located on the map above?
A.
Letter A
B.
Letter B
C.
Letter C
D.
Letter D

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

B is Laccadive Sea

C is Bay of Bengal

D is Philipine Sea

Answer:

A

Explanation:

What were the restrictions listed in the slave codes?

Answers

Answer:

There were numerous restrictions to enforce social control: slaves could not be away from their owner's premises without permission; they could not assemble unless a white person was present; they could not own firearms; they could not be taught to read or write, nor could they transmit or possess “inflammatory”

hope this helpsExplanation: i have went over this,

Answer: slaves could not be away from their owners without respective permission; they were unable to assemble unless a white person was present; they could not have ownership of firearms; they could not be taught to read or write

Explanation:

Please hurry its urgent Thank you

What set of written laws was Rome’s first, and applied to both the rich and poor?

A) twelve assemblies

B) twelve tables

C) code of Rome

D) Centuriate code

Answers

Answer: b.twelve tables

Explanation:

Answer:

Twelve Tables

Explanation:

Took the test

Explain how residents of a community are affected by violent activism.

Answers

Exposure to violent crimes damages the health and development of victims, family members and the entire community


According to OʻNET, what is the projected growth for this career between 2016-2026?
faster than average
slower than average
O little or no change
O average

Answer: little or no change

Answers

Answer:

little or no change

Explanation:

i just did it

stan treasure and conan gray for clear skin

Answer:

decline on edge 2021 feb

Explanation:

These nations are in the early stages of industry and technology

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

You forgot to include the options for this question. However, we can answer the following.

These nations are in the early stages of industry and technology: developing nations.

Developing nations are underdeveloped countries that face political and economic problems that limit their opportunities to grow and prosper.

Some of them have corruption problems in the political elite with rulers and representatives that do not work for the benefit of people. Some other has limited industry so they only live by trading raw materials and natural resources.

Countries in Central America and South America are considered to be developing nations.

What’s a political party

Answers

Answer:

a group of people there to help

Explanation:

hope this helps

Answer:

A political party is an organized group of people who share the same ideas regarding the ideal government.  Most common in presidential elections.

Explanation:

How important was the French and Indian War for colonists?

Answers

Answer:

The French and Indian War began over the specific issue of whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British Empire, and therefore open for trade and settlement by Virginians and Pennsylvanians, or part of the French Empire.

Explanation:

Answer:

there were lots of death that was for sure but also alot of family loss

Explanation:

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