1. Air pollution is the presence of substances- such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, lead and sulfur dioxide- in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of living beings, or damaging to the climate or other materials. Some causes of air pollution are burning of Fossil Fuels, aricultural Activities and waste in landfills
2. Air pollution from from power plants, vehicle exhaust, and other man-made causes have caused great affects to Chesapeake bay. Firstly, nitrogen from the air enters the Bay via the rain, which contribute to algal blooms. These algal blooms absorb oxygen from the water and create dead zones that cannot sustain marine animal or plant life.
Secondly, pollution from the power plants in the area- consisting mainly of the toxic chemical mercury- pose risk to anglers in the area. These contaminants can bind to sediment and enter bodies of small, bottom-dwelling organisms like worms, clams or crustaceans. Through a process known as bioaccumulation, fish that consume contaminated organisms can accumulate these toxins in their own tissue. Anglers are warned to limit their consumption of certain fish from the Bay due to potentially harmful levels of the chemical.
Lastly, exposure to air pollution will affect those living in, and visiting, the Bay. Air pollution can also cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea, as well as long-term health effects including heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Air pollution can also cause long-term damage to people's nerves, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs
3. The Chesapeake Bay is arguably the most studied large body of water on earth. Forty years of intense scientific investigation by leading estuarine scientists have identified why the Chesapeake is degraded and how to fix it. No other water body in the world can boast this level of scientific understanding.
The first action being taken to protect the bay from air pollution is by planting more plant life in the area. Through a process called attenuation, forests can reduce the amount of pollutants in the air. The plants roots and leaves and forest soils absorb and trap airborne pollutants. They can capture more than 85 percent of the nitrogen that falls onto them from the air, keeping it out of the bay.
Secondly people are changing the way they travel around and near the Bay. To lower air pollution people consider learning how to drive the Bay-friendly way; walk bike, take public transport and carpool when possible. They also try to use electric or manual lawn mowers and yard tools instead of gas-powered machines.
Thirdly, the Environmental protection agency developed the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load in 2010 (TMDL). It set limits on the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment that can enter the Bay and its tidal rivers to meet water quality goals. Ever since, the EPA has kept track on the progress of the Chesapeake Bays health.
4.
In planting more trees and plants near the Chesapeake Bay area, it will prevent some sediment and pollutants entering the water. The plants roots and leaves and forest soils absorb and trap airborne pollutants. They can capture more than 85 percent of the nitrogen that falls onto them from the air, keeping it out of the bay through attenuation.
Secondly by reducing the amount of pollutants entering the air via petrol powered machines and cars, the amount of pollutants entering the waters will decrease. Each year, more than 85 million pounds of nitrogen pollution—about one-third of the Bay's total yearly load—comes from air pollution, and with 18 million people living in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, you can imagine how much difference cutting down on transport generated pollution would make.
Finally setting the TMDL will aid in preventing the amount of pollutants in the water reaching a high concentration and hopefully reduce the amount of algal blooms and dead zones within the bay.
5. The bay provides habitat for many organisms. Amongst forests, rivers and streams, shallow waters, beaches and tidal flats, aquatic reefs, wetlands and waters- the bay supports life such as crabs, fish, birds, worms, molluscs, corals, aquatic plants, trees and shrubbery and amphibians.
6. There are many opportunities for recreation in Chesapeake Bay. For example hiking, bike riding, hunting, bird watching, boating, fossil hunting, fishing and golfing.
7. The Chesapeake Bay provides job opportunities for scientists in terms of studying the waters and the ecosystems existing within it, those wishing to attract tourists through the marketing of outdoor activities, those who work in the nearby native American or maritime museums and those selling seafood such as fishermen
Which of the following statements correctly relates mutations and survival rates of animals?
Mutations sometimes improve the chances of survival for an animal.
Mutations always improve the chances of survival for an animal.
There is no relationship between mutations and the chance of survival for an animal.
Mutations never improve the chances of survival for an animal.
Name and describe the five types of active transport systems.
Answer:
Please Mark as Brainliest. Please!!!!!!!!!!
Explanation:
Definition
Active transport is the process of transferring substances into, out of, and between cells, using energy. In some cases, the movement of substances can be accomplished by passive transport, which uses no energy. However, the cell often needs to transport materials against their concentration gradient. In these cases, active transport is required.
Active transport requires energy to move substances from a low concentration of that substance to a high concentration of that substance, in contrast with the process of osmosis. Active transport is most commonly accomplished by a transport protein that undergoes a change in shape when it binds with the cell’s “fuel,” a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
For example, one type of active transport channel in the cell membrane will bind to the molecule it is supposed to transport – such as a sodium ion – and hold onto it until a molecule of ATP comes along and binds to the protein. The energy stored in ATP then allows the channel to change shape, spitting the sodium ion out on the opposite side of the cell membrane. This type of active transport directly uses ATP and is called “primary” active transport.
Another type of active transport is “secondary” active transport. In this type of active transport, the protein pump does not use ATP itself, but the cell must utilize ATP in order to keep it functioning. This will be explained in more depth in the section on Symport Pumps below.
Lastly, active transport can be accomplished through processes called endocytosis and exocytosis. In exocytosis, a cell moves something outside of itself in large quantities by wrapping it in a membrane called a vesicle and “spitting out” the vesicle. In endocytosis, a cell “eats” something by wrapping and re-forming its membrane around the substance or item.
Each type of active transport is explained in more detail below.
Types of Active Transport
Antiport Pumps
Antiport pumps as an example of active transport
Active transport by antiport pumps
Antiport pumps are a type of transmembrane co-transporter protein. They pump one substance in one direction, while transporting another substance in the opposite direction. These pumps are extremely efficient because many of them can use one ATP molecule to fuel these two different tasks.
One important type of antiport pump is the sodium-potassium pump, which is discussed in more detail under “Examples of Active Transport.”
Symport Pumps
Symport pumps take advantage of diffusion gradients to move substances. Diffusion gradients are differences in concentration that cause substances to naturally move from areas of high to low concentration.
In the case of a symport pump, a substance that “wants” to move from an area of high concentration to low concentration down its concentration gradient is used to “carry” another substance against its concentration gradient.
One example of a symport pump – that of the sodium-glucose transport protein – is discussed below under “Examples of Active Transport.”
Sympoter pump as an example of active transport
Active transport by symporter pumps
Endocytosis
In the third type of active transport, large items, or large amounts of extracellular fluid, may be taken into a cell through the process of endocytosis.
Answer these 2 in different sentences and i will give whoever is first brainliest
Answer:
Explanation:
1 structural
Physiological
Behavioral.
2.Color matching
Disruptive coloration
an elements has two or more atoms with the same number of protons but different
number of neutrons it is called a(n)
isotope
neutron
electron
none of the above
Answer isotope
Explanation: it has more than one atom
What does lemon juice, snake venom and cyanide have in common?
Answer:
enzymes are protein molecules that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without themselves getting used up. Each enzyme will only speed up a specific reaction, for example, catalase will speed up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen but it will not speed up the breakdown of starch into glucose. Enzymes (e.g. catalase) have active sites with specific shapes that bind to the substrate molecule (e.g. hydrogen peroxide) forming an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme-substrate complex then breaks down into the enzyme and product, allowing the enzyme to go on and react with another substrate molecule. Temperature and pH affect enzyme function because they can change the shape of the enzyme’s active site, preventing it from binding to the substrate, just as a broken lock will no longer fit the key. When the shape of an enzyme changes we call this denaturation. Any factor that increases the frequency of collisions between enzymes and substrates (increasing concentration, surface area or temperature) will increase the rate of reaction.
Explanation:
What lemon juice, snake venom and cyanide have in common is hat they are all acidic substances.
An acidic solution is a solution that contains hydrogen ions as its only positive ion in solution. Acidic substances have a sour and turn blue litmus paper red.
What lemon juice, snake venom and cyanide have in common is hat they are all acidic substances.
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~PLEASE HELP ME~
The warming of the atmosphere by the trapping of heat being radiated to space is called
a)condensation
b)evaporation
c)the greenhouse effect
d)radiation
Answer:
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. Solar energy absorbed at Earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat. As the heat makes its way through the atmosphere and back out to space, greenhouse gases absorb much of it.
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Directions: Answers must be in essay form. Outline form is not acceptable. Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. It is important that
you read each question completely before you begin.
Proteins-large complex molecules-are major building blocks of all living organisms. Discuss the following in relation to proteins.
The chemical composition and levels of structure of proteins
Subm
Answer and Explanation:
Protein is one of the most important molecules in our organism, being present in the composition of all elements, in addition to participating in several metabolic processes. This importance creates the need to study this molecule, however, to study it it is necessary to know the composition chemistry and the levels of structure it presents.
The chemical composition of proteins is related to amino acids, since protein is formed by them. In this case, we can say that the proteins have the same composition as the amino acids containing carboxylic acid and different amino groups, which is what determines the name and function of the amino acid.
In addition to chemical composition, the structure levels of proteins are extremely important, as they only function at a specific structural level. As for these levels, proteins can have a primary structure (there are more than two amino acids organized in a linear row), a secondary structure (when the primary structure turns into a helix species), a tertiary structure (formed by a more intense folding of the secondary structure providing the appearance of helices and leaves) and quarternary structure (when several tertiary structures are joined, allowing folding at the three-dimensional level. This is the functional structure of the protein).
WILL GIVE BRAINLEIST FOR FIRST ANSWER
Answer:
1. A scientific law is a law is a statement based on experiments that states the facts that follow with a specific occurence
2. The theory of evolution is that life constantly changes over time. Animals and living organisms of all sorts evolve and adapt to survive.
3. I can't seeeee
Explanation:
Answer:
Scientific laws are laws that are based off of experiments or observations
Theory of evolution are based off of the idea of all species are related and graduated over time.
Explanation:
During the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis which is not produced
A.Oxygen
B.ATP
C.NADPH
D. Glucose
*hurryyyyyyy*
Answer:
D. Glucose
Explanation:
10
01:57:37
In the study of cancer, researchers have used different types of cells, different environmental conditions, and different
experimental designs. But, all researchers have arrived at the same conclusion. What does this say about the
conclusion?
Answer: In study of cancer, researchers have used different types of cells, different environmental conditions, and different experimental designs. But, all researchers have arrived at the same conclusion that the study is well supported to cancer studies.
Explanation: This is because each cell behaves differently in different environmental conditions and each type of cell has its peculiar behaviour in different conditions.
So by this pattern varied studies can be done.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
PLZ HELP!! ASAP!!
Carbohydrates have chemical bonds that are a good source of energy for living things. A monosaccharide is a carbohydrate made by plants when energy from the sun combines water and carbon dioxide.
How are the two other types of carbohydrates formed? Give examples of each type.
Explanation:
The other two types of carbohydrates, disaccharides and polysaccharides, are formed when monosaccharides link together to form larger molecules and chains. A disaccharide is a sugar that is made from two monosaccharides (di=two). For example, sucrose is a disaccharide that is made from the bonding of glucose with fructose, which are both monosaccharides. Sucrose is known as table sugar, and is found naturally in plants. Polysaccharides are large, complex molecules that are formed when monosaccharides or disaccharides link together in repeating units to form long chains. The most abundant polysaccharide in the world is cellulose, the substance that makes up the cell wall of plant cells. Starches are also examples of polysaccharides, and these are stored in plants such as grains, corn and wheat.
All living organisms must obtain energy in order to survive, and most organisms rely on carbohydrates as energy sources. These molecules are made through the process of photosynthesis, and they store the sun's energy within them.
Summarize how a single change at cellular level can impact the entire body
Answer: A single change at a cellular level can change the way our entire body reacts, functions, and develops. Maintaining homeostasis is vital for our bodies to preform its necessary functions, without constant balance our bodies are unable to properly preform consequently, resulting in sickness and even death.
Explanation:
I used my biology book.
The body has different levels of organization based on structures and functions. The cellular level is the smallest and the basic level of the organization that consists of cells that are capable of division.
A single change at a cellular level can impact the entire body as:
Cellular levels consist of cells of different shapes, sizes and functions. Similar cells make up the tissue to perform functions.A single change can alter the homeostasis of the cell and can bring about a larger impact on the body organization as maintenance of temperature is very important for the living process.The whole body depends upon the cells for instructions of the growth, functioning, signalling and transportation.Therefore, a single change at the cellular level can alter the entire body.
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A scientist crossed two fruit flies in a lab. She was studying the transmission of the alleles that affect wing shape. The dominant allele, C, is the allele for curly wings, and the recessive allele, c, is the allele for straight wings. She knew that one of the parent flies was heterozygous and had curly wings (Cc). Half of the offspring from the cross had curly wings, and the other half had straight wings. Identify the genotype and phenotype of the second parent fly. State the evidence that supports your response.
Answer:
The other fly would have to be a cc
Explanation:
To do this, you can use the square method, one Cc's on the top and one side a cc, when you cross these it gives you Cc, Cc, and cc, cc. Half and half.
Hope this helped!
The other parent was cc.
Genes often occur in pairs. Genes are units of inheritance located in the chromosomes. The pairs in which genes occur are called alleles. In a given pair of alleles, one gene is dominant and the other is recessive.
In this case, the dominant gene is for curly wings and the recessive gene is for straight wings. If one parent is Cc , the other parent must be cc causing half of the offspring from the cross to have curly wings, and the other half to have straight wings.
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b) Write about pest control?
Answer:
Pest control is helpful I guess...
Explanation: Pest control uses lots of chemicals and poison stuff to kill those vexing pests but most importantly it kills them its a dangerous job if you don't know what your doing.
Answer:
give the answer in short Press control means when in our home of dirty Cockroaches and small insects then we Press control our house to get out all the dirty insects
Explanation:
Mansa is up to this if this is correct then mark me as a brainliest
the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation
Answer:
READ THIS
Explanation:
To understand how gene expression is regulated, we must first understand how a gene codes for a functional protein in a cell. The process occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, just in slightly different manners.
Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms that lack a cell nucleus, and their DNA therefore floats freely in the cell cytoplasm. To synthesize a protein, the processes of transcription and translation occur almost simultaneously. When the resulting protein is no longer needed, transcription stops. As a result, the primary method to control what type of protein and how much of each protein is expressed in a prokaryotic cell is the regulation of DNA transcription. All of the subsequent steps occur automatically. When more protein is required, more transcription occurs. Therefore, in prokaryotic cells, the control of gene expression is mostly at the transcriptional level.
Eukaryotic cells, in contrast, have intracellular organelles that add to their complexity. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is contained inside the cell’s nucleus and there it is transcribed into RNA. The newly synthesized RNA is then transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes translate the RNA into protein. The processes of transcription and translation are physically separated by the nuclear membrane; transcription occurs only within the nucleus, and translation occurs only outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. The regulation of gene expression can occur at all stages of the process (Figure 1). Regulation may occur when the DNA is uncoiled and loosened from nucleosomes to bind transcription factors (epigenetic level), when the RNA is transcribed (transcriptional level), when the RNA is processed and exported to the cytoplasm after it is transcribed (post-transcriptional level), when the RNA is translated into protein (translational level), or after the protein has been made (post-translational level).
Answer:
Prokaryotic gene expression is primarily controlled at the level of transcription. Eukaryotic gene expression is controlled at the levels of epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation.
In an example food chain, mice only eat plants, and then snakes eat the mice. These snakes are examples of consumers.
Answer:
yes beacuse it cant produce food themselves they depend upon other for food
Steroids include substances such as?
Answer:
The steroid core structure is typically composed of seventeen carbon atoms, bonded in four "fused" rings
Explanation:
Answer:
testosterone:an anabolic steroid... principal sex hormones
dexamethasone:a synthetic corticosteroid drug
cholic acid
Help me answer that question and how are you supposed to know which one is the predator and the prey like how can you tell?
Answer:
predator is blue, prey is red
Explanation:
when the amount of predators increase, the blue line rises, the red line lowers. when there is more predators there is going to be a less amount of prey.
what must animals do for celluar respiraton to begin
Answer:
the animal will consume food and inhale oxygen and drink water. the cell will use the oxygen and water to break down the glucose to form energy or ATP
the image down below.
Answer:
4 nethier organic
Explanation:
Which one of the codons below would stop the translation of mRNA by ribosomal subunits?
UAG, UAA, UGA
AUG, ATG, GTU
CUG, AUG, GUA
ATG, AAG, AAA
CUG hope this helped!!!!!
Answer:
CUG,AUG,GUA
Explanation:
The model below represents an atom of which element on the periodic table?
Answer: Aluminum
Explanation:
The normal Aluminum is 13p+ and 13n. (13+13)
===> Aluminum-26 (or we just call it Aluminum)
This one has 13p+ and 14n. (13+14)
===> Aluminum-27
HELPPPP FAST
10 points
Answer:
X-rays
If im worng then im sorry.
why is deforestation a threat to Yellowstone National Park?
Answer:
Deforestation causes loss of animal and plant species due to their lack of habitat. A huge portion of animals and plant species live in forests so if we take that away from them how are they supposed to survive? Not only does deforestation threaten species known to us, but also threatens species we haven't even discovered yet.
Explanation:
This isn't necessarily for Yellowstone but for all national parks ^
how are proteins made in animals and humans
Answer:
Through protein synthesis of course...
Explanation:
DNA and RNA do many steps such as translation, transcription, and more to form protein codons and code them into amino acids. Then, thousands of amino acids are oined together to make proteins, which regulate body function and catalyze chemical reactions (enzymes). Ribosomes are also involved in this action. To make proteins, nitrogen is needed for the plant to use, and that comes mainly from nitrate ions in the soil, and gets into the plant by active transport.
I will mark BRAINLIEST
Which of the following does not occur in an aquatic ecosystem as a result of nutrient loading?
a. acidification of the water
b. algae growth as a result of eutrophication
c. degraded quality of water for human and livestock consumption
d. improved water habitats for human recreation
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Egdenuity 2022
Improved water habitats for the human recreation does not occur in an aquatic ecosystem as a result of nutrient loading. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is Nutrient loading?Nutrient loading means the total amount of a nutrient such as elements like nitrogen or phosphorus entering the water during a given time period, such as tons of nitrogen per year, or pounds of phosphorus per day. Nutrients may enter into the water from runoff, ground water recharge, point source discharges, or the air particles.
Improved water habitats for the human recreation does not occur in an aquatic ecosystem as a result of nutrient loading.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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why is it important that the heart and lungs kept healthy
Essentially, when you breathe in the lung take in oxygen and pass it along to the bloodstream, which brings it to your bodies cells. In return it picks up carbon dioxide, which the lungs dispose of. Every time you breathe this process is happening. That is why it's crucial to keep your lungs healthy.
Complete the statement to describe the sodium-potassium pump.
The sodium-potassium pump moves____
ions into the cell and____
ions out of the cell.
Answer:
The sodium-potassium pump moves potassium
ions into the cell and sodium
ions out of the cell.
Explanation:
Answer:
The sodium-potassium pump moves potassium
ions into the cell and sodium
ions out of the cell.
Explanation:
i got it right on edge
The carrying capacity of an ecosystem will most likely become unbalanced when?
Answer:
In a population at its carrying capacity, there are as many organisms of that species as the habitat can support. ... If resources are being used faster than they are being replenished, then the species has exceeded its carrying capacity. If this occurs, the population will then decrease in size.
Explanation:
When resources are depleted faster than they are replenished, the species has reached its carrying capacity. If this happens, the population will shrink in size.
What is carrying capacity?Carrying capacity is defined as the average population size of a species in a given habitat.
Environmental factors such as adequate food, shelter, water, and mates limit the species population size. If these requirements are not met, the population will decline until the resources recover.
Carrying capacity, or the maximum number of people that an environment can support over time without destroying or degrading it, is determined by three key factors: food availability, water availability, and space.
Carrying capacity is the maximum number, density, or biomass of people that a given area can sustainably support.
This is likely to change over time and is influenced by environmental factors, resources, and the presence of predators, disease agents, and competitors.
Thus, any disturbance in these factors can lead to an unbalanced carrying capacity.
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Why is energy lost in a food chain? *
Answer:
Because as metabolic heat when the organisms from one trophic level are consumed by organisms from the next level
Explanation:
Hope that helps!