There are 3.14805 moles of NaCl in 0.805 liters of 3.91 M solution of NaCl.
What is NaCl?Sodium chloride, is a mineral substance that is a member of the broader group of substances known as ionic salts.
To calculate the total number of moles of solute in a solution, we use the formula: moles of solute = molarity x volume in liters
It is given the volume of the solution as 0.805 liters and the molarity as 3.91 M for NaCl.
moles of NaCl = 3.91 M x 0.805 L
moles of NaCl = 3.14805 moles
Therefore, there are 3.14805 moles of NaCl in 0.805 liters of a 3.91 M solution of NaCl.
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Calculate the amount of heat absorbed or released by the following substances: 0.19g of lead,
T = 93.3°C
The equation q = mcT, where m is the mass of the sample, c is the specific heat, and T is the temperature change, can be used to determine how much heat is gained or lost by a sample (q).
What is an illustration of heat absorption?A process that absorbs energy from its surroundings, typically in the form of heat, is said to be endothermic. The melting of an ice cube is one illustration.
How much energy is lost when one gramme of ice melts completely at absolute zero degrees?The amount of energy needed to melt 1 g of ice at 0 °C is 334 J, often known as the latent heat of melting. Liquid water has 334 J g-1 greater energy at absolute zero.
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An oxygen atom has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. How many electrons does it have?
An οxygen atοm has 8 prοtοns and 8 neutrοns. It alsο has 8 electrοns.
The number οf prοtοns in an atοm is equal tο the atοmic number, which is 8 fοr an οxygen atοm. Therefοre, the number οf electrοns must equal the number οf prοtοns, which is 8.
What is Atοm?An atοm is the smallest unit οf matter that still retains the prοperties οf an element. Atοms are cοmpοsed οf a nucleus surrοunded by a clοud οf negatively charged electrοns. The nucleus cοntains pοsitively charged prοtοns and electrically neutral neutrοns.
What is atοmic number?The atοmic number is the number οf prοtοns in the nucleus οf an atοm. It is used tο identify an element, as each element has a unique atοmic number. Fοr example, the atοmic number οf οxygen is 8, as οxygen atοms cοntain 8 prοtοns in their nucleus.
What are electrοn?Electrοns are negatively charged particles that οrbit the nucleus οf an atοm. Electrοns determine the chemical prοperties οf an atοm, as they fοrm bοnds with οther atοms. The number οf electrοns in an atοm is equal tο the number οf prοtοns, as atοms must have a neutral charge.
An οxygen atοm has 8 prοtοns, 8 neutrοns, and 8 electrοns. The atοmic number οf οxygen is 8, which is equal tο the number οf prοtοns, and the number οf electrοns is equal tο the number οf prοtοns.
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When a painter's oil paint becomes too thick, he has to thin it with a _________.
O a. medium of turpentine
O b.medium of water
O c.medium of linseed oil
O d. vehicle of turpentine
O e. vehicle of linseed oil
Answer:
O a. medium of turpentine
A crazy person breaks into the school and starts randomly mixing chemical solutions together.
They combine a 0.7 M solution with a volume of 800 mL, a 1 M solution with a volume of 300 mL, and a 1.9 M solution with a volume of 860 mL into a large container. Assuming the final product doesn't blow up, what will the final solution's molarity be?
A car is sitting motionless on top of a bridge. The bridge pushes up on the car with a force of 782 Newtons. What force must gravity pull down on the car with in order to break the bridge?
The force that gravity must pull down on the car in order to break the bridge must be greater than 782 N.
What is Newton's third law of motion?Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that when an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force back on the first object.
In other words, if object A pushes or pulls on object B, object B will push or pull back on object A with the same force, but in the opposite direction. This law applies to all objects in the universe, whether they are stationary or in motion.
For this question, the force that the car must apply on the bridge to break must be greater than 782 N.
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Why is carbon found in so many different compounds?
Answer:
Carbon is found in so many different compounds due to its unique ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms, including other carbon atoms. This means that carbon can bond with a wide variety of elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and many others, allowing it to form an enormous number of different compounds.
Furthermore, the strength of carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-heteroatom bonds allows for the formation of long chains and rings of carbon atoms, which can lead to the formation of many complex and diverse molecules, including those found in living organisms. The ability of carbon to form such a wide variety of bonds and structures makes it an extremely versatile and important element in chemistry and biology.
Explanation:
HELP ME PLEASE. I REALLY WANT TO KNOW CHEMISTRY BUT I NEED HELP. SOME KIND SOUL PLEASE.
The limiting reactant is CH4. This is because the number of moles of CH4 is 4.44mol, while the number of moles of water is 0.86mol. The number of moles of hydrogen produced from the reaction is 8.88mol.
What is hydrogen?Hydrogen is a chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of the universe's elemental mass. Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas, which is the most basic and simplest of all elements. It is a highly flammable, light, and combustible gas and burns with a pale blue flame. Hydrogen is a component of water, which is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. In addition, it is found in many organic compounds and is used in the production of ammonia, methanol, and hydrochloric acid
This means that there are not enough moles of water to completely react with the CH4. Therefore, the limiting reactant is CH4.
The number of liters of hydrogen produced from the reaction of 80.0 g of CH4 and 16.3 g of water is 16.3 L. This is because the number of moles of hydrogen produced is 8.88mol, and at STP the volume of 1mol of a gas is 22.4L. Therefore, the volume of 8.88mol of hydrogen is 8.88 x 22.4L = 197.3L. Since the total volume of gas produced is 197.3L and 16.3g of water was used in the reaction, the amount of hydrogen produced is 16.3L.
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cómo saber cuántos atomos de oxígeno tiene una equacion?
How to know how many oxygen atoms has an equation?
Count the number of oxygen atoms on both sides of the equation and compare them. The number of oxygen atoms should be equal on both sides of a balanced equation.
What are oxygen atoms?The chemical substance oxygen has a number in the atomic structure of 8. (it has eight protons in its nucleus). At common temperatures and pressures, oxygen turns into the chemical substance (O2) of two atoms, which is a colorless gas.
What is O3 called?Three oxygen molecules (O3) combine to form the odorless, colorless gas known as ozone, that occurs naturally in the atmosphere. Both the higher atmosphere of the Earth, known as the stratosphere, and the lower atmosphere, known as the troposphere, can contain it.
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You add 5.00 mL of 0.100 M NaOH to 75.00 mL of pure water, and to this mixture you then add 10.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl. What will be the pH of the resulting solution?
The pH of the resulting solution is approximately 1.96.
pH calculation.
To solve this problem, we need to calculate the concentration of the final solution after the addition of NaOH and HCl, and then use this concentration to calculate the pH of the solution.
First, let's calculate the number of moles of NaOH and HCl that are added to the solution:
moles of NaOH = volume of NaOH x concentration of NaOH
moles of NaOH = 5.00 mL x (0.100 mol/L) / 1000 mL/L
moles of NaOH = 0.0005 mol
moles of HCl = volume of HCl x concentration of HCl
moles of HCl = 10.00 mL x (0.100 mol/L) / 1000 mL/L
moles of HCl = 0.001 mol
Next, let's determine the number of moles of NaOH and HCl that react with each other:
Since NaOH and HCl react in a 1:1 ratio, the number of moles of NaOH that react with HCl is equal to the number of moles of HCl, which is 0.001 mol.
Since we can't have negative moles of a substance, we know that all of the NaOH has reacted with the HCl. Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH in the final solution is zero, and the number of moles of HCl is equal to the original number of moles of HCl added to the solution, which is 0.001 mol.
Now, let's calculate the concentration of the final solution:
total volume of the solution = volume of NaOH + volume of water + volume of HCl
total volume of the solution = 5.00 mL + 75.00 mL + 10.00 mL
total volume of the solution = 90.00 mL
concentration of the final solution = moles of HCl / total volume of the solution
concentration of the final solution = 0.001 mol / (90.00 mL / 1000 mL/L)
concentration of the final solution = 0.0111 mol/L
Finally, let's calculate the pH of the final solution using the formula for the pH of an acidic solution:
pH = -log[H+]
[H+] = concentration of H+ ions in the solution
[H+] = concentration of HCl
pH = -log(0.0111)
pH = 1.96
Therefore, the pH of the resulting solution is approximately 1.96 after calculating the concentration of final solution.
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how many millilters each of a 2% w/v solution of tetracaine hydrochloride and a 1:1000 w/v solution of epinephrine hydrochloride should be used in preparing the prescription?
how many many grams of o2 would be contained in 14.0l balloon at 0.25atm and 73⁰c
There are approximately 6.13 grams of O2 in the 14.0 L balloon at 0.25 atm and 73⁰C.
How to calculate the number of grams of O2 in a 14.0 L balloon at 0.25 atm and 73⁰CFirst we can use the Ideal Gas Law equation:
PV = nRT
Where
P is the pressureV is the volume n is the number of molesR is the gas constantT is the temperature in KelvinFirst, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:
T = 73⁰C + 273.15 = 346.15 K
Next, we can solve for the number of moles:
n = (PV) / (RT)
n = (0.25 atm × 14.0 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K × 346.15 K)
n = 0.1915 mol
Finally, we can calculate the mass of O2 using the molar mass of O2, which is 32.00 g/mol:
mass = n × molar mass
mass = 0.1915 mol × 32.00 g/mol
mass = 6.13 g
Therefore, there are approximately 6.13 grams of O2 in the 14.0 L balloon at 0.25 atm and 73⁰C.
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Provide the equation for the hydrolysis of propyl propanoate. Provide the equation for the hydrolysis N, N-dimethyl propanamide.
IF POSSIBLE MUST BE DONE ASAP.
(a) The hydrolysis reaction of propyl propanoate is written as CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₂CH₃ + H₂O → CH₃CH₂COOH + CH₃CH₂CH₂OH.
(b) The hydrolysis reaction of N, N-dimethyl propanamide is written as (CH₃)₂NC(CH₃)₂ + H₂O → CH₃CH₂COOH + (CH₃)₂NH.
What is the formula for the hydrolysis reaction ?The hydrolysis reaction of propyl propanoate can be represented by the following equation:
Propyl propanoate + Water → Propanoic acid + 1-Propanol
CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₂CH₃ + H₂O → CH₃CH₂COOH + CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
The hydrolysis reaction of N, N-dimethyl propanamide can be represented by the following equation:
N, N-dimethyl propanamide + Water → Propanoic acid + Dimethylamine
(CH₃)₂NC(CH₃)₂ + H₂O → CH₃CH₂COOH + (CH₃)₂NH
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Calculate gibbs free energy at 298 K for the reaction CaCO3(s) yields CaO(s) + CO2(g) when H equals 178.8 kJ and S=161 J/K
The Gibbs free energy at 298 K for the given reaction is 130.822 KJ
How do i determine the Gibbs free energy for the reaction?The Gibbs free energy for a given reaction is given by the following formula:
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
Where
ΔG is the Gibbs free energy ΔH is the enthalpy changeT is the temperature ΔS is the change in entropyWith the above formula, we can determine the Gibbs free energy for the reaction in the above question as follow:
Temperature (T) = 298 KEnthalpy change (ΔH) = 178.8 KJChange of entropy (ΔS) = 161 J/K = 161 / 1000 = 0.161 KJ/KGibbs free energy =?ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
ΔG = 178.8 - (298 × 0.161)
ΔG = 178.8 - 47.978
ΔG = 130.822 KJ
Thus, the Gibbs free energy is 130.822 KJ
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6 member ring with a -CH3 group attached to the carbon
Answer:
A hydrocarbon
Explanation:
Which of the following describes the process of nuclear fusion, as it occurs inside our sun?
D. Helium atoms are created when hydrogen atoms unite.
Nuclear fusion is the process in which two or more atom nuclei join together, or "fuse," to form a single heavier nucleus. This process is what powers the sun and other stars, and it is the same process that is being researched for potential use as an energy source on Earth. In the sun, the process of nuclear fusion involves the combining of hydrogen atoms to make helium atoms.When two or more atomic nuclei join, one or more new atomic nuclei and subatomic particles are created. This reaction is known as nuclear fusion. Energy is released or absorbed depending on how much mass the reactants and products have in common.
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complete question:Which of the following describes the process of nuclear fusion, as it occurs inside our sun?
A Hydrogen and oxygen atoms combine to make water molecules.
B Helium atoms split apart to form hydrogen atoms.
C Water molecules break apart into hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
D Hydrogen atoms combine to make helium atoms.
Givens
Molar mass H2SO4 = 98.07 g/mol
Molar mass Li3PO4 = 115.78 g/mol
3H2SO4 + 2Li3PO4 --> 2H3PO4 + 3Li2SO4
If 44 g H2SO4 need to react, how many grams of Li3PO4 need to be used?
34.57 grams of Li3PO4 are required to react 44 g of H2SO4, in this case.
How do you figure out how much Li3PO4 you need to use?H2SO4 mass divided by its molar mass yields the number of moles of H2SO4: 44 g divided by 98.07 g/mol, or 0.4484 mol.
Li3PO4 moles equal (2/3) x H2SO4 moles equal (2/3) x 0.4484 mol = 0.2989 mol.
Using its molar mass, we can finally get the mass of Li3PO4 needed in grams:
Li3PO4 necessary mass equals number of moles times the molar mass of Li3PO4 (0.2989 mol times 115.78 g/mol equals 34.57 g).
As a result, 44 g of H2SO4 must be utilized in the reaction along with 34.57 g of Li3PO4.
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Choose the formula for the compound oxygen pentafluoride.
The formula for the compound oxygen pentafluoride is OF5
Oxygen pentafluoride explained
Oxygen pentafluoride (OF5) is a chemical compound composed of one oxygen atom and five fluorine atoms. It is a pale yellow gas that is highly reactive and an oxidizing agent. It can be synthesized by reacting fluorine gas with an excess of oxygen gas, and is commonly used as a fluorinating agent in organic chemistry reactions. Because of its reactivity and potential hazards, oxygen pentafluoride is handled and stored with great care.
Oxygen pentafluoride (OF5) is a highly reactive and polar gas with the following characteristics:
Pale yellow gas: OF5 is a pale yellow gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.Strong oxidizing agent: OF5 is a strong oxidizing agent and can react violently with organic and inorganic substances.Polar molecule: The OF5 molecule has a trigonal bipyramidal shape, and the asymmetric arrangement of its polar bonds makes it a polar molecule.Therefore, OF5 is commonly used as a fluorinating agent in organic chemistry reactions due to its ability to transfer fluorine atoms to other molecules.
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To calculate the force factor, divide each force by the original force (0.667 N). Write each force factor with three significant digits. Next, calculate the reciprocal of the square of each distance and fill in the last column of the table. Write each of these values with three significant digits as well. (The unit of 1/distance 2 is square meters, or m2.)
The reciprocal of the square of each distance is a measure of how much the force is affected by the distance. To calculate this, take the reciprocal (1/x) of the square of each distance.
What is reciprocal?Reciprocal is an adjective that refers to a mutual exchange or interaction between two or more parties. It is often used to describe a situation in which each person or group involved in a relationship has an equal and opposite effect on the other. For example, a reciprocal trade agreement is one in which two countries agree to trade with one another without imposing tariffs or other restrictions. Reciprocal relationships can also be found in social situations, such as in friendships, where two people are mutually supportive and understanding of one another.
For example, for the first distance of 1m, the reciprocal of the square of the distance is 1/12 = 1.000.
Force (N) Distance (m) Force Factor 1/Distance2
0.667 1 1.000 1.000
1.000 1.5 1.500 0.444
1.333 2 2.000 0.250
The force factor is an expression of the strength of the force relative to the original force. To calculate the force factor for each force, divide it by the original force. For example, for the first force of 0.667 N, the force factor is 0.667/0.667 = 1.000.
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Consider the temperature versus time graph below.
A graph of temperature versus time has time on the horizontal axis and temperature in degrees Celsius from negative 20 to 140 on the vertical axis. A line extends through the following points: 0, negative 10; 4, 0; 7, 140; 18, 120; 19, 125.
At what temperature is the boiling point of this substance?
at 0°C
between 0°C and 100°C
at 120°C
above 120°C
The boiling point of the substance in the given temperature versus time graph is at 120°C.
Based on the given temperature versus time graph, the boiling point of the substance can be determined by analyzing the temperature at which the substance changes from a liquid to a gas. This is commonly referred to as the boiling point of the substance.
In this graph, there is a rapid increase in temperature from 0°C to 140°C between time 7 and time 18. This suggests that the substance underwent a phase change from a liquid to a gas during this period. Therefore, the boiling point of the substance is located between 0°C and 140°C.
Furthermore, we can see that the temperature is constant at 120°C between time 18 and time 19. This indicates that the substance has fully boiled and is now at a constant temperature of 120°C. Therefore, we can conclude that the boiling point of the substance is at 120°C.
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Chemistry Help Please!
1. Use the reaction to answer the following question.
MgCl₂ + 2NaOH → Mg(OH)₂ + 2NaCl
a. What mass of sodium hydroxide would be required to produce
16.0 grams of magnesium hydroxide?
b. How many moles of magnesium chloride would be need to
produce 16.0 grams?
2. What volume of 0.08892 M HNO₃ is required to react completely with
0.2352 grams of potassium hydrogen phosphate (K₂HPO₄)?
2HNO₃(aq) + K₂HPO₄(aq) → H₃PO₄(aq) + 2KNO₃(aq)
3. Joseph Priestly was the first scientist to be able to prepare pure oxygen
gas. He did this by heating mercuric oxide as shown in the reaction
below. Answer the question related to the reaction.
2HgO(ₛ) → 2Hg(l) + O₂ (g)
a. What volume of oxygen gas would be produced at STP through
the decomposition of 5.36 grams of HgO? It is not collected over
water!
b. What volume of oxygen gas would be produced at 23o
and 0.975
atm by the decomposition of 5.36 grams of HgO?
c. What volume of oxygen gas would be collected over water at
23oC and 0.975 atm by the decomposition of 5.36 grams of HgO?
4. Use this reaction to answer the questions.
Ca(OH)₂(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
a. How many grams of water will form through the reaction of 550 mL of
2.5 M HCl and an excess amount of Ca(OH)₂?
b. How many grams of calcium chloride will form if 250 mL of 2.0 M Ca(OH)₂ reacts with 350mL of 2.5 M HCl? Make sure to determine the limiting reagent.
Caustic soda or lye are two other names for sodium hydroxide. It is a typical ingredient in detergents and cleansers. Sodium hydroxide is a colorless, odorless solid at ambient temperature.
What are sodium hydroxide uses?Lye and caustic soda are other names for sodium hydroxide, a chemical substance with the formula NaOH. It is a whitish, solid ionic substance made up of the cations sodium (Na+) and the anions hydroxide (OH).
At normal atmospheric temps, sodium hydroxide, an extremely corrosive base and alkali, breaks down proteins and can result in serious chemical burns. It easily draws moisture and carbon dioxide from the air due to its high water solubility. It produces a string of NaOH-nH2O hydrates. From water solutions, the monohydrate NaOHH2O crystallizes between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. This monohydrate is frequently the "sodium hydroxide" sold professionally, and it may be used in published statistics instead of the anhydrous substance.
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Can you fit one mole of people into a classroom? why or why not?
(stoichiometry)
No, it is not possible to fit one mole of people into a classroom.
What is one mole of a substance?One mole of anything is defined as the amount of that substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. This number is known as Avogadro's number and is equal to approximately 6.022 x 10²³.
Assuming that one person has an average mass of 70 kilograms, the mass of one mole of people would be approximately 70 kilograms x 6.022 x 10²³, which is equal to about 4.2 x 10²⁵ kilograms.
Clearly, this is an enormous mass, far too large to fit into any classroom or even any building on Earth. Therefore, it is not possible to fit one mole of people into a classroom.
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Answer:
One mole of people is 6.02x1023 people. That’s more people than there are in the entire world which is estimated to be about 7x109 people. So clearly the answer is NO.
Explanation:
Liquid hexane will react with gaseous oxygen to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water . Suppose 46. g of hexane is mixed with 66.1 g of oxygen. Calculate the minimum mass of hexane that could be left over by the chemical reaction. Round your answer to significant digits.
To determine the minimum mass of hexane that could be left over by the chemical reaction, we need to first balance the chemical equation:
2 C₆H₁₄ + 19 O₂ → 12 CO₂ + 14 H₂O
From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of hexane react with 19 moles of oxygen to produce 12 moles of carbon dioxide and 14 moles of water.
Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of hexane and oxygen in the given masses:
Number of moles of hexane = 46. g / 86.18 g/mol = 0.533 mol
Number of moles of oxygen = 66.1 g / 32.00 g/mol = 2.066 mol
To determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the number of moles of each reactant to their respective stoichiometric coefficients. The stoichiometric coefficient for hexane is 2, and the coefficient for oxygen is 19/2 = 9.5.
Since the number of moles of oxygen is greater than the number of moles required for the reaction (9.5 times the number of moles of hexane), oxygen is in excess and hexane is the limiting reactant.
Using the balanced equation, we can calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide and water produced:
Number of moles of carbon dioxide = 0.533 mol × (12 mol CO2 / 2 mol hexane) = 3.198 mol CO₂
Number of moles of water = 0.533 mol × (14 mol H2O / 2 mol hexane) = 3.731 mol H₂O
Finally, we can use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to calculate the number of moles of hexane that react completely:
Number of moles of hexane that react = 0.533 mol
Therefore, the minimum mass of hexane that could be left over is:
Mass of hexane left over = (0.533 mol) × (86.18 g/mol) = 45.9 g
Rounding to three significant digits, the minimum mass of hexane that could be left over is 45.9 g.
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What happens to the electric current in a series circuit when voltage decreases
CAN SOMEONE HELP WITH THIS QUESTION?✨ Based on the first table, answer the second image.
Commercial preparation of copper(II) chloride involves chlorinating copper. When chlorine gas and copper are combined directly at red heat (300–400°C), the result is (molten) copper (II) chloride.
How is copper chloride prepared?By reducing copper(II) ions in the presence of chloride ions, copper(I) chloride can be created. Potential techniques include boiling a solution of copper sulfate, sodium chloride, and ascorbic acid, or bubbling sulfur dioxide through an aqueous solution of copper(II) chloride.
Creating copper(I) chloride, often known as CuCl. Creating copper(I) chloride by reducing copper(II) chloride with sulfite ions when chloride ions are present is the intended result. Students should be able to: Identify and store inorganic compounds with unstable oxidation states at the conclusion of this lesson.
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You need to prepare 100.0 mL of a pH 4.00 buffer solution using 0.100 M benzoic acid (pa=4.20)
and 0.180 M
sodium benzoate.
How many milliliters of each solution should be mixed to prepare this buffer?
We must combine 25.9 mL of the benzoic acid solution with 74.1 mL of the sodium benzoate solution in order to create a 100.0 mL pH 4.00 buffer solution using 0.100 M benzoic acid and 0.180 M sodium benzoate.
How do you figure out how much of each solution you need?With sodium benzoate and benzoic acid, we may create a pH 4.00 buffer using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH equals pKa plus log([A-]/[HA])
Rearranging the equation to find the ratio of [A-]/[HA] will enable us to create a buffer with a pH of 4.00:
[A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH - pKa) (pH - pKa)
[A-]/[HA] = 0.630
0.630 * 0.100 M benzoic acid * V2 = 0.180 M sodium benzoate
V1 + V2 = 100.0 mL
One variable can be solved for in terms of another:
V1 = 0.350 V2
then enter the following expression as V1 in the second equation:
1.350 V2 = 100.0 mL
V2 = 74.1 mL
V1 = 0.350 * 74.1 mL = 25.9 mL
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Use the following periodic table to help you.
What is the best name for CaBr 2?
Use this media to help you complete the question.
Answer:
The answer is Calcium bromide
Gaseous Ammonia can be injected into the exhaust stream of a coal-burning power plant to reduce the pollutant NO to N2 according to the following reaction: 4NH3(g)+4NO(g)⇒4N2(g)+6H2O(g)
Suppose that the exhaust stream of a power plant has a flow rate of 335L/s at a temperature of 955 K, and that the exhaust contains a partial pressure of NO of 21.8 torr.
What should be the flow rate of ammonia delivered at 765 torr and 298 K into the stream to react completely with the NO if the ammonia is 65.4% pure (by volume)?
Therefore, the flow rate of ammonia that should be delivered into the stream is 6.34 x 10⁶ L/s.
What is concentration?Concentration refers to the amount of a substance that is dissolved or present in a given volume or mass of a solution or mixture. It is usually expressed as the amount of solute per unit of solvent or solution. There are different ways to express concentration, including molarity, molality, mass percentage, volume percentage, and parts per million (ppm), among others. Concentration is an important parameter in many fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, environmental science, and engineering.
Here,
To solve this problem, we need to use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of NO in the exhaust stream, and then use stoichiometry to determine how much ammonia is required to react completely with the NO. First, let's use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of NO in the exhaust stream:
PV = nRT
where P is the partial pressure of NO, V is the volume of the exhaust stream, n is the number of moles of NO, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature of the exhaust stream.
We can rearrange this equation to solve for n:
n = PV/RT
Plugging in the values given in the problem, we get:
n(NO) = (21.8 torr) (335 L/s) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K) (955 K)
n(NO) = 972.4 mol/s
Now let's use stoichiometry to determine how much ammonia is required to react completely with the NO. According to the balanced chemical equation, 4 moles of NH₃ react with 4 moles of NO:
4NH₃(g) + 4NO(g) → 4N₂(g) + 6H₂O(g)
So the number of moles of NH₃ required is equal to the number of moles of NO, or:
n(NH₃) = n(NO) = 972.4 mol/s
However, the ammonia delivered to the stream is only 65.4% pure, so we need to calculate the actual flow rate of ammonia required to deliver this many moles of NH₃.
Let's first calculate the number of moles of ammonia that would be present in 1 L of the ammonia solution:
n(NH₃) = (65.4/100) (765 torr / 760 torr) (1 L) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K) (298 K)
n(NH3) = 0.0270 mol/L
Now we can use this value to calculate the flow rate of ammonia required:
Flow rate of ammonia = n(NH₃) / molarity of ammonia solution x purity of ammonia solution
Flow rate of ammonia = 972.4 mol/s / (0.0270 mol/L) / (65.4/100)
Flow rate of ammonia = 6.34 x 10⁶ L/s
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how many molecules of PCI5 are in 77.4g PCI5
To determine the number of molecules of PCI5, we need to use the following steps:
Convert the given mass of PCI5 to moles using the molar mass of PCI5.
Use Avogadro's number to convert the number of moles to molecules.
The molar mass of PCI5 can be calculated as follows:
P = 1 x 30.97 = 30.97
C = 1 x 12.01 = 12.01
I = 5 x 126.90 = 634.50
Molar mass of PCI5 = 30.97 + 12.01 + 634.50 = 677.48 g/mol
Mass to moles:
moles = mass / molar mass
moles = 77.4 g / 677.48 g/mol
moles = 0.114 moles
Moles to molecules:
One mole of any substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number).
Number of molecules = moles x Avogadro's number
Number of molecules = 0.114 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1
Number of molecules = 6.87 x 10^22 molecules
Therefore, there are 6.87 x 10^22 molecules of PCI5 in 77.4g of PCI5.
Consider the conversion of oxegen O2 to ozone O3.
3O2 -> 2O3
What is the theoretical yeild of O3 in grams from 305g of O2?
What is the percent yeild of the reaction actually gives u 111 g of O3?
The reaction has a 36.43% percent yield. This suggests that part of the reactants were not transformed into products and that the reaction did not proceed to its full potential.
What is moles ?The mole, which is denoted by the symbol "mol," is the volume of a system that has the same number of atoms as there are in 0.012 kilo grammes of carbon 12.
The chemical equation for converting [tex]O_{2}[/tex] to [tex]O_{3}[/tex] is as follows:[tex]O_{3}[/tex]
3[tex]O_{2}[/tex] ⇒ 2[tex]O_{3}[/tex]
From above we can conclude that the equation that 3 moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] react to create 2 moles of [tex]O_{3}[/tex].
By applying the the mole ratio and molar mass of [tex]O_{3}[/tex],
the theoretical yield of O3 will be-
[tex]O_{3}[/tex] mol mass = 3 x O mol mass = 3 x 16.00 g/mol = 48.00 g/mol.
o find the number of moles of O2, we can use the formula:
moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]
moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{305 g}{32.00}[/tex] g/mol = 9.53 mol
What is theoretical yield ?The theoretical yield of [tex]O_{3}[/tex] from the balanced equation using the following formula:
Moles of [tex]O_{3}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{2}{3}[/tex] x moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{2}{3}[/tex] x 9.53 mol = 6.35 mol
Mass of O3 = moles of [tex]O_{3}[/tex] x molar mass of [tex]O_{3}[/tex]
= 6.35 mol x 48.00 g/mol = 304.80 g
= 304.80 g.
Percent yield = ([tex]\frac{actual yield}{ theoretical yield}[/tex]) x 100%
Given that the actual yield = 111 g
Percent yield = ([tex]\frac{111 g }{304.80 g}[/tex]) x 100%
= 36.43%
Blood plasma contains a total carbonate pool (essentially HCO3- and CO2(d)) of 2.48X10-2M. What would be the ph if 18mM H+ is added under conditions where the increased [CO2(d)] can not be released (i.e. an close system)? Assume the normal pH (i.e., before addition of H+) is 7.4. Recall that the pKnet for the net reaction in which water plus dissolved carbon dioxide form hydrogen ions plus bicarbonate ions is 6.1.
7.19 is pKnet for the net reaction in which water plus dissolved carbon dioxide form hydrogen ions plus bicarbonate ions
Elaborating:The balanced reaction would be: H+ + HCO₃- ⇌ H₂CO₃
The equilibrium constant for the reaction is:
Keq = [H₂CO₃]/[H+][HCO₃-] = 10^(pKnet) = 7.94 × 10⁻⁷
Using the equilibrium constant, we can set up an expression for x:
Keq = [H₂CO₃]/[H+][HCO₃-] = x/[(2.48 × 10⁻² - x)(1.8 × 10⁻²)]
x = 6.43 × 10 ⁻⁸ M
Therefore, the final concentration of H+ is 6.43 × 10⁻⁸ M, and the pH is:
pH = -log[H+] = -log(6.43 × 10⁻⁸) = 7.19
So the pH decreases from the average value of 7.4 to 7.19
What is a compound's pH?The acidity or basicity of a solution is measured by its pH. It is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution as a negative logarithm (base 10) The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 representing the most acidic condition, 7 representing neutral conditions, and 14 representing the most basic.
What does "carbonate pool" refer to?The total amount of dissolved inorganic carbon in a solution, including bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide , is referred to as the carbonate pool. Blood plasma contains the carbonate pool, which serves as a buffer and contributes to pH stability in biological systems.
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