Bidding wars are auctions where multiple buyers compete to purchase something and in a competitive bidding war, the highest bidder is typically the winner.
In the case of top brokers, bidding wars are likely to result in higher wages for them.
This is because the competition among buyers would increase the prices for brokers, giving them the opportunity to earn more.
Top brokers, who are in high demand, would be the ones who benefit the most from bidding wars as they can attract large bids.
Most firms would benefit from bidding wars because they would be able to attract more brokers to the industry by offering higher salaries.
The winners in this scenario are the brokers who receive increased pay, while the losers are the businesses that must pay high salaries, which could lead to a loss of clients and credibility.
Brokers are the most significant beneficiaries of bidding wars, as they can choose from multiple employment offers and pick the one that offers the most compensation.
As a result, brokers in this market are highly sought after, and their salaries are likely to increase.
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Part B: Research on corporate governance characteristics on the selected two ASX listed companies. In this part, your investigation should cover at least the following research questions: 1. Identify and contrast how the two sample companies disclose their corporate governance strategies, policies, and practices. (i.e., approaches considered) 2. Identify and compute the following corporate governance indicators from the collected/ downloaded annual reports for the selected/respective two companies: a) Total number of directors (i.e., board size). b) Percentage of non-executive directors. c) Percentage of independent directors. d) The name of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and/or Chairman and the summary of his/her statement in the annual reports for the selected companies. e) Percentage of share hold by the executive directors. f) Percentage of shares owned by the block-holders and institutional investors. 3. Compare the corporate governance indicators of the selected two companies and discuss the effectiveness, strength, and adequacy of the corporate governance practices and principles adopted by these companies.
Part B: Research on Corporate Governance Characteristics on the Selected Two ASX Listed Companies.
In this part, your investigation should cover at least the following research questions:
Identify and contrast how the two sample companies disclose their corporate governance strategies, policies, and practices (i.e., approaches considered).
Identify and compute the following corporate governance indicators from the collected/downloaded annual reports for the selected/respective two companies:
a) Total number of directors (i.e., board size).
b) Percentage of non-executive directors.
c) Percentage of independent directors.
d) The name of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and/or Chairman and the summary of his/her statement in the annual reports for the selected companies.
e) Percentage of shares held by the executive directors.
f) Percentage of shares owned by the block-holders and institutional investors.
Compare the corporate governance indicators of the selected two companies and discuss the effectiveness, strength, and adequacy of the corporate governance practices and principles adopted by these companies.
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Income statement information for Einsworth Corporation follows:
Sales $463,000 Cost of goods sold 157,420 Gross profit 305,580 Prepare a vertical analysis of the income statement for Einsworth Corporation. If required, round percentage answers to the nearest whole number.
Einsworth Corporation
Vertical Analysis of the Income Statement
Amount Percentage
Sales $463,000 %
Cost of goods sold 157,420 %
Gross profit $305,580 %
As a result, the vertical analysis of Einsworth Corporation's income statement reveals that the cost of products sold accounts for 34% of sales revenue and the gross profit for 66% of sales revenue.
What factor is used to split all numbers when performing a vertical analysis on an income statement?In order to solve the vertical analysis equation, you must divide each line item by your base amount and multiply the result by 100.
Which of the following is utilised as the base amount in a vertical analysis of an income statement?Total liabilities are frequently used as the basis amount for accounts payable in vertical analyses.
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ALM811S 1st OPP JUNE 2018
LOGISTICS AND MAANAGEMENT
Question 1
Explain your understanding of the concept of inventory management in terms of its different inventory costs, inventory types, classification and valuation. [25 marks]
Inventory management refers to the processes and techniques used to oversee and control the quantity, location, and movement of goods held in inventory. Effective inventory management involves balancing the costs of carrying inventory against the benefits of having inventory on hand.
There are several types of inventory costs that a company must consider when managing their inventory. These costs include:
Holding costs: These are the costs associated with storing and maintaining inventory, including rent, utilities, insurance, and labor.Ordering costs: These are the costs associated with placing orders for new inventory, including purchase order processing, shipping, and receiving.Shortage costs: These are the costs associated with stockouts and lost sales, including lost revenue, customer dissatisfaction, and expedited shipping costs.Obsolescence costs: These are the costs associated with inventory becoming outdated or unsellable, including write-offs, disposal costs, and lost revenue.Learn more about inventory management:
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which of the following is a true statement? a price-taker firm sell additional units of output without having to lower its price, while a price-searcher firm must lower its price in order to sell additional units
A price-taker firm is able to sell additional units of output without having to lower its price, while a price-searcher firm must lower its price in order to sell additional units.
This is because price-taker firms are unable to influence the market price, and must accept the price set by other market participants, while price-searcher firms are able to set the market price and therefore can lower the price to increase their sales.
In other words, price-taker firms must accept the price that the market sets and do not have the ability to change it, while price-searcher firms can set the market price and adjust it as needed in order to maximize their profits. Price-taker firms cannot lower their prices, while price-searcher firms can.
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Free Cash Flow valuation
a) You have been given the following numbers from the management of a company as an estimation of future performance (numbers in MSEK):
Year 0 1 2 3
EBIT 180 200 230
Depreciation 20 24 27
Working Capital 100 120 125 130
Investments 50 55 60
The free cash flow (FCF) in year 4 is estimated to be 150 MSEK and
is expected to grow by 4 % until the end of time. The WACC of the company is 13 % and the company tax paid is 25 %.
What is the enterprise value of the firm ?
b)Suppose the company has 100 million shares outstanding and 400 MSEK in debt, what is its share price?
a) To calculate the enterprise value of the firm, we need to use the discounted cash flow method. First, we need to calculate the free cash flow for each year from Year 0 to Year 4.
Year 0: EBIT = 180 MSEK, Depreciation = 20 MSEK, Working Capital = 100 MSEK, Investments = 50 MSEK => Free Cash Flow = (180 - 20 - 100 - 50) MSEK = 10 MSEK
Year 1: EBIT = 200 MSEK, Depreciation = 24 MSEK, Working Capital = 120 MSEK, Investments = 55 MSEK => Free Cash Flow = (200 - 24 - 120 - 55) MSEK = 1 MSEK
Year 2: EBIT = 230 MSEK, Depreciation = 27 MSEK, Working Capital = 125 MSEK, Investments = 60 MSEK => Free Cash Flow = (230 - 27 - 125 - 60) MSEK = 18 MSEK
Year 3: EBIT = 230 MSEK, Depreciation = 27 MSEK, Working Capital = 130 MSEK, Investments = 60 MSEK => Free Cash Flow = (230 - 27 - 130 - 60) MSEK = 13 MSEK
Year 4: Free Cash Flow = 150 MSEK.
Then, we need to discount these cash flows at the WACC of the company (13%) to calculate the present value of the free cash flow (FCF). We can then use the FCF to calculate the enterprise value of the firm.
The enterprise value = FCF0 x (1 + g)^4 / (WACC – g) + FCF1 x (1 + g)^3 / (WACC – g) + FCF2 x (1 + g)^2 / (WACC – g) + FCF3 x (1 + g) / (WACC – g) + FCF4 / (1 - Tax Rate).
In this case, g = 4%, WACC = 13%, Tax Rate = 25%, so the enterprise value of the firm = 10 x (1 + 4%)^4 / (13% - 4%) + 1 x (1 + 4%)^3 / (13% - 4%) + 18 x (1 + 4%)^2 / (13% - 4%) + 13 x (1 + 4%) / (13% - 4%) + 150 / (1 - 25%) = 545.2 MSEK.
b) The share price is the enterprise value of the firm divided by the number of shares outstanding. In this case, the share price = 545.2 MSEK / 100 million shares = 5.452 MSEK per share.
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1. Describe the four major theories of planned change.
Four Theories:
- Three-step Change Model.
- Action Research Method
- The Positive Model
- The Continuous Change Model
2. Explain the four activities that an organization uses to implement change.
Four Activities:
- Entering and Contracting
- Diagnosing
- Planning and Implementing Change
- Evaluating and Reinforcing Change
1. Three-Step Change Model suggests that a planned change should go through three stages: Unfreezing, Changing, and Refreezing.
Action Research Method proposes that change is accomplished by a cycle.
The Positive Model states that change should be a positive, enriching experience that should promote self-confidence and self-esteem.
The Continuous Change Model suggests that organizations should continually assess their environment and make adjustments to fit the current circumstances.
2. Entering and Contracting involves both parties entering into a mutually agreed upon agreement to collaborate on change.
Diagnosing involves evaluating the situation to better understand what needs to be changed and why.
Planning and Implementing Change involves creating a plan to carry out the changes and putting it into practice.
Evaluating and Reinforcing Change involves evaluating the impact of the changes and reinforcing the positive behaviors associated with them.
1. The four major theories of planned change:
i. The three-step Change Model: The three-step change model, created by Kurt Lewin, suggests that the process of change involves three steps: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. The first step involves loosening the status quo and identifying the need for change. The second step involves initiating the change, and the third step involves solidifying the changes.
ii. Action Research Method: The action research model suggests that change happens in a cycle, with the end of one cycle feeding into the beginning of the next. This cycle includes diagnosing the situation, identifying alternative plans, and taking action. Hence, the steps in the cycle are diagnosing, planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.
iii. The Positive Model: The positive model, developed by David Cooperrider and Suresh Srivastva, is based on the belief that organizations should build on their strengths and positive attributes. The focus is on identifying and amplifying the positive aspects of an organization rather than addressing negative issues.
iv. The Continuous Change Model: The continuous change model suggests that change should be an ongoing process rather than a one-time event. The focus is on making gradual and continual improvements to an organization.
2. The four activities that an organization uses to implement change:
i. Entering and Contracting: This involves identifying the need for change, setting goals, and determining how the change will be implemented.
ii. Diagnosing: This involves gathering information about the organization, identifying problem areas, and developing a plan to address these areas.
iii. Planning and Implementing Change: This involves developing a detailed plan for implementing the change, including identifying who will be responsible for each step of the process.
iv. Evaluating and Reinforcing Change: This involves evaluating the effectiveness of the change and making adjustments as needed. It also involves reinforcing the change by ensuring that new practices and behaviors become part of the organizational culture.
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Case C
Northern Lights Communications Phone Problems
The following financial statements are for the Northern Lights Corporation. The company provides pay phone service at many of the small convenience stores in Ontario and Manitoba. The business was "meeting plan" until 2011 when a problem developed.
Balance Sheet
ASSETS
2010
2011
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 668,778
$ 592,491
Accounts receivable
4,453,192
3,888,621
Inventories
137,036
112,699
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
411,990
407,274
Total current assets:
$ 5,670,996
$5,001,085
Fixed assets:
Property, plant, and equipment (net)
$12,935,453
$16,466,001
Site licenses
1,941,467
3,771,571
Investments in affiliates
164,549
251,672
Total fixed assets
$15,041,469
$20,489,244
Other assets
681,754
455,488
TOTAL ASSETS
DEBT (LIABILITIES) AND EQUITY
$21,394,219
$25,945,817
Current Liabilities
Notes payable
$ 659,604
Case C – Northern Lights Communications 2
Current portion of other notes payable
1,491,767
$3,320,197
Current portion of capital lease obligations
1,094,381
668,826
Accounts payable
310,358
835,384
Accrued telecommunications and other expenses
2,971,935
3,036,633
Income taxes payable
256,140
475,945
Total current liabilities
$ 6,784,185
$ 8,336,985
Long-term liabilities:
Notes payable, less current portion
$ 6,605,835
$10,030,963
Capital lease obligations
780,593
Deferred income tax liability
342,359
56,219
306,021
Total long-term liabilities
$ 7,728,787
$10,393,203
Preferred stock
$ 2,400,000
$ 2,400,000
Common stockholders’ equity:
Common Stock
$ 1,438,903
$ 1,438,903
Additional paid-in capital
10,630
10,630
Retained earnings
3,031,714
3,366,096
Total ownership equity
$ 4,481,247
$ 4,815,629
TOTAL DEBT AND EQUITY
$21,394,219
$25,945,817
Case C – Northern Lights Communications 3
Income Statements for Northern Lights Communications, Inc.
2010
2011
Sales Revenue
Pay-phone coin calls
$14,036,665
$17,615,069
Automated operator, routed calls
17,049,394
15,932,154
Other
505,581
1,363,738
Total revenues
$31,591,640
$34,910,951
Operating expenses:
Telephone charges
$ 7,851,842
$ 9,078,851
Commissions
4,909,445
5,627,288
Telecommunications fees
1,821,930
1,519,095
Depreciation and amortization
4,298,090
5,353,797
Field operations personnel
2,016,935
2,988,456
Chargebacks and doubtful accounts
1,104,896
1,111,857
General and administrative expenses
5,520,405
6,435,919
Total operating expenses
$27,523,543
32,115,263
Operating income
$ 4,068,097
$2,795,688
Other income (expenses):
Interest expense
($1,631,416)
($1,816,222)
Interest income
57,278
5,069
Losses on affiliates
( 34,608)
( 108,556)
Unusual gains
1,160,238
27,234
Total other income (expenses)
($ 448,508)
($ 1,892,475)
Income before taxes
$3,619,589
$ 903,213
Provision for income taxes
1,339,140
424,831
Net income
$2,220,449
$ 478,382
Case C – Northern Lights Communications 4
Questions
1. Using financial ratios, compare the firm’s financial performance for 2010 and 2011.
2. What do you think might have happened from 2010 to 2011?
Ratios of liquidity:
a. Current Ratio is equal to current assets divided by current liabilities in 2010: $5,670,996 x $6,784,185 = 0.836 in 2011: Current Ratio = $5,001,085 / $8,336,985 = 0.600 The current ratio decreased from 0.836 in 2010 to 0.600 in 2011, indicating a decline in the business's capacity to meet its short-term obligations.
b. Quick Ratio = Current Liabilities x (Current Assets - Inventories) in 2010 Quick Ratio = $6,784,185 x ($5,670,996 - $137,036) = 0.789 in 2011: The quick ratio also decreased from 0.789 in 2010 to 0.532 in 2011, indicating that the company's liquidity position deteriorated further. Quick Ratio = ($5,001,085 - $112,699) / $8,336,985 = 0.532
What are Liquidity Ratios?A group of financial ratios called liquidity ratios measures a company's capacity to pay off its liabilities and meet its short-term obligations by converting its assets into cash. A company's liquidity, or its capacity to meet its immediate financial obligations without experiencing financial distress or disruption, is shown by these ratios.
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Topper Sports, Incorporated, produces high-quality sports equipment. The company's Racket Division manufactures three tennis rackets -the Standard, the Deluxe, and the Pro-that are widely used in amat
The Net income from the contribution format income statements for April is $77,250.
How do we get the Net income?Based on the information given, we can calculate the contribution margin and contribution margin ratio for each type of racket as follows:
Standard:
Selling price = $50.00
Variable expenses = $28.00 + $2.50 = $30.50
Contribution margin = $50.00 - $30.50 = $19.50
Contribution margin ratio = $19.50 / $50.00 = 0.39 or 39%
Deluxe:
Selling price = $75.00
Variable expenses = $33.00 + $3.75 = $36.75
Contribution margin = $75.00 - $36.75 = $38.25
Contribution margin ratio = $38.25 / $75.00 = 0.51 or 51%
Pro:
Selling price = $100.00
Variable expenses = $35.00 + $5.00 = $40.00
Contribution margin = $100.00 - $40.00 = $60.00
Contribution margin ratio = $60.00 / $100.00 = 0.6 or 60%
Now, to prepare the contribution format income statement for April, we need to calculate the total contribution margin for each type of racket and then subtract the fixed costs to get the net income.
Standard:
= 2,000 rackets sold x $19.50 contribution margin per racket
= $39,000 total contribution margin
Deluxe:
= 1,000 rackets sold x $38.25 contribution margin per racket
= $38,250 total contribution margin
Pro:
= 5,000 rackets sold x $60.00 contribution margin per racket
= $300,000 total contribution margin
Total contribution margin for April:
= $39,000 + $38,250 + $300,000
= $377,250
Data
Fixed costs = $300,000
Net income for April = $77,250
The contribution format income statement for the Racket Division for the month of April is as follows:
Racket Division Income StatementFor the Month of AprilTotal sales revenue:
Standard rackets: 2,000 x $50.00 = $100,000
Deluxe rackets: 1,000 x $75.00 = $75,000
Pro rackets: 5,000 x $100.00 = $500,000
Total sales revenue = $675,000
Total variable expenses:
Standard rackets: 2,000 x $30.50 = $61,000
Deluxe rackets: 1,000 x $36.75 = $36,750
Pro rackets: 5,000 x $40.00 = $200,000
Total variable expenses = $297,750
Total contribution margin = $377,250
Less fixed expenses:
Production costs: $130,000
Advertising expenses: $110,000
Administrative salaries: $60,000
Total fixed expenses = $300,000
Net income = $77,250
Full question
"Standard Deluxe Pro
Selling price per racket $ 50.00 $ 75.00 $ 100.00
Variable expenses per racket:
Production $ 28.00 $ 33.00 $ 35.00
Selling (5% of selling price) $ 2.50 $ 3.75 $ 5.00
All sales are made through the company’s own retail outlets. The Racket Division has the following fixed costs:
Per Month
Fixed production costs $ 130,000
Advertising expense 110,000
Administrative salaries 60,000
Total $ 300,000
Sales, in units, over the past two months have been as follows:
Standard Deluxe Pro Total
April 2,000 1,000 5,000 8,000
May 8,000 1,000 3,000 12,000
Required:
Prepare contribution format income statements for April.
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ernesto sends an email to his co-worker greta. in it, he intends to indicate his approval about the progression of greta's project. however, greta views the email as just an objective summary of the project so far. this phenomenon is called the
The phenomenon that is occurring here is known as the "Communication Gap". It occurs when two people interpret the same message differently, resulting in one of the parties misunderstanding the other.
Communication gaps can be caused by a lack of communication or by conflicting interpretations of the same information. In the scenario described, Ernesto is likely conveying approval in his email but Greta is misunderstanding his message.
To avoid communication gaps, both parties must make an effort to be clear and precise in their communications. This involves using concise and precise language, and allowing for feedback from the other party to confirm understanding. By engaging in two-way communication, Ernesto and Greta would be better able to ensure that the correct message is being communicated and the appropriate response is being elicited.
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if a person buys a $100 bond with a nominal interest rate of 5 percent and the actual inflation rate is 5 percent for the year, what real interest rate did they earn in that year?
If a person buys a $100 bond with a nominal interest rate of 5 percent and the actual inflation rate is 5 percent for the year, then the real interest rate that they earn in that year is zero percent.
The nominal interest rate refers to the interest rate that is given on the bond, while the real interest rate is the adjusted nominal interest rate after accounting for inflation. Inflation is the general increase in prices for goods and services in an economy over time.
To calculate the real interest rate, you need to subtract the actual inflation rate from the nominal interest rate. In this case, the nominal interest rate is 5 percent and the actual inflation rate is also 5 percent. So, the real interest rate is 5% - 5% = 0%. Therefore, the person earned a real interest rate of zero percent for the year.
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What is psychological price adjustment and how do marketers use
this strategy to influence consumers? Illustrate your answer using
appropriate examples.
Psychological price adjustment is a pricing strategy used by marketers that seeks to influence customer perception of price and value.
This strategy is based on the idea that consumers often make purchasing decisions based on emotional and psychological factors, rather than objective facts or logic.
How to use psychological price adjustmentTo use psychological price adjustment to influence consumers, marketers use a variety of techniques such as pricing below round numbers, price anchoring, and the use of odd prices.
Let's take a closer look at each of these techniques. Pricing below round numbers:
This technique involves pricing products just below round numbers. For example, instead of pricing a product at $100, a marketer may price it at $99.99. This pricing strategy is based on the idea that consumers tend to perceive the product as being cheaper than it actually is due to the use of a lower price point.
Price anchoring: This technique involves highlighting a higher-priced product to make a lower-priced product seem more reasonable. For example, a marketer may display a $2000 television next to a $1000 television to make the lower-priced television seem like a bargain in comparison. Use of odd prices: This technique involves using prices that end in an odd number, such as $3.99 or $9.97. This strategy is based on the idea that consumers tend to perceive these prices as being significantly lower than round numbers, even when the actual difference is relatively small. One example of psychological price adjustment is the pricing of fast food meals. Marketers often use the technique of pricing below round numbers to make their products seem cheaper.For example, McDonald's may price a Big Mac meal at $6.99 instead of $7 to make it seem like a better deal. Another example is the use of odd prices in retail stores. A clothing store may price a shirt at $19.99 instead of $20 to make it seem like a better value.
Overall, psychological price adjustment is a powerful tool that can be used by marketers to influence customer perception of price and value. By using these techniques, marketers can encourage consumers to make purchasing decisions based on emotion and perception rather than objective facts.
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Consider two-sided, one-to-one matching between five men (A, B, C, D, and E) and five women (1,
2,3,4
, and 5). Their rankings are as follows: Which of the following matchings has no blocking pairs? A:4, B:1, C:3, D:D, E:5, 2:2 A:A, B:5, C:3, D:2, E:1, 4:4 A:4, B:5, C:3, D:2, E:1 A:4, B:1, C:2, D:3, E:5 A:2, B:3, C:5, D:1, E:4
The matching that has no blocking pairs is A:4, B:1, C:2, D:3, E:5. A blocking pair occurs when two individuals prefer each other over their current match. In the first matching, A:4 and B:1 are a blocking pair because A prefers 1 over 4 and B prefers 4 over 1. In the second matching, A:A and B:5 are a blocking pair because A prefers 5 over A and B prefers A over 5. In the third matching, A:4 and B:5 are a blocking pair because A prefers 5 over 4 and B prefers 4 over 5.
However, in the fourth matching, A:4, B:1, C:2, D:3, E:5, there are no blocking pairs because each individual is matched with their top preference. Therefore, this matching has no blocking pairs and is considered stable.
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fill in the blank. in deciding on how much to consume, dale will make a choice that maximizes his satisfaction, also known as his___; that is, he will choose according to his distinct personal preferences.
Dale will determine how much to consume in a way that optimizes his utility, often known as satisfaction; he will do this by making a decision based on his own personal preferences.
What is utility?Utility is a concept used in economics to represent worth or value. Its application has changed considerably over time. Philosophers of morality like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill first used the phrase to describe a measure of pleasure or happiness as part of their utilitarianism thesis. A monthly indication of how much a home or business owes for utilities or other necessary services is known as a utility bill. Electricity, water, and gas are a few examples of utilities. In addition to TV, internet, phone, and streaming services, you might also include sewage, trash, and recycling, depending on how you define utilities. The name, address, and account number of the consumer are listed on a utility bill.To learn more about utility, refer to:
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In deciding on how much to consume, Dale will make a choice that maximizes his satisfaction, also known as his utility; that is, he will choose according to his distinct personal preferences.
Utility is a term used in economics to describe the satisfaction or happiness that an individual receives from consuming a good or service.
Individuals make choices based on their personal preferences and will choose the option that provides them with the greatest utility.
This is known as the principle of utility maximization, which states that individuals will make choices that maximize their overall satisfaction.
Dale will make a choice that maximizes his utility, or satisfaction, based on his personal preferences.
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The taxable "13" mouth pay and other benefits" amounted to: a. P0 b. P4, P4,000 c. P14,000 d. P57,000
The taxable "13th" mouth pay and other benefits" amounted to P57,000. The annualization of the bonuses and benefits received by employees of a corporation that are subject to withholding tax is referred to as the 13th month pay and other benefits.
Payments and benefits made in the form of goods, facilities, and services by an employer to an employee, in addition to basic salary, are referred to as other benefits. Additional benefits are in addition to the 13th month pay and are typically tax-exempt.
In the Philippines, the 13th month salary is a compulsory bonus paid to all employees. Employers pay it out before December 24th of each year. It is determined by dividing the total amount of basic salaries the employee earned in the year by twelve. The minimum 13th month pay is equivalent to one-twelfth of the employee's total salary received in a calendar year.
If an employee has been working for less than one year, the 13th month pay will be calculated on a pro-rated basis. Therefore, the taxable "13" mouth pay and other benefits" amounted to P57,000.
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(Rate with LGD, risk-neutral lender) Assume a bank can invest in a government bond at a risk-free rate of 3.69%. Alternatively, it can invest in a corporate bond with a default probability of 7%. If the issuer defaults, the bank expects to recover 60% of the investment. A risk-neutral bank would be indifferent between investing in the government bond and the corporate bond if the corporate bond offers a rate of __________ . Calculate the answer by read surrounding text. %. Round to the nearest 0.01%, drop the % symbol. E.g., if your answer is 0.08365 or 8.365%, record it as 8.37.
If corporate bond offers rate of 19.42%, a risk-neutral bank would be indifferent between investing in government bond and corporate bond.
What is a corporate bond?A corporate bond is a type of debt security issued by a corporation to raise funds for various purposes, such as financing operations or expanding its business. When an investor buys a corporate bond, they are effectively lending money to the corporation and receiving regular interest payments in return. The bond typically has a fixed maturity date, at which point the corporation must repay the principal amount of the bond to the investor. Corporate bonds are generally considered to be less risky than stocks because the interest payments are fixed, but they do carry some risk of default if the corporation is unable to make payments. As such, corporate bonds are rated by credit rating agencies to help investors evaluate the risk involved in investing in a particular bond.
Expected return= (1 - 7%) x (100% - 60%) x R + 7% x (-60%) x R = (93% x 40% - 4.2%) x R = 34.8% x R
Expected loss from default= 7% x 60% = 4.2%
3.69% + 4.2% = 34.8% x R
R = (3.69% + 4.2%) / 34.8% ≈ 19.42%
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2. One of the important aspects of entrepreneurship that you must talk about is Intellectual Property (IP).
i. Explain to SMEs the importance of Intellectual property (10 marks)
ii. Discuss how intellectual property (IP) in Botswana is protected, in your answer state an organization responsible for protecting IP in Botswana. (5 marks)
An important aspects of entrepreneurship involves creating or building a business for profit, which can include starting a new business, purchasing an existing one, or developing a new product or service.
For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), protecting their Intellectual Property (IP) is essential as it can give them a competitive edge. IP is any original work that is legally protected, such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.
By safeguarding their IP, SMEs can prevent others from copying their products or services, and they can also use it to earn income by licensing it to others.
In Botswana, the Intellectual Property Office (IPO) is responsible for protecting IP by registering patents, trademarks, and copyrights.
Additionally, they provide guidance to businesses and individuals on IP matters, enforce IP laws, and prevent infringement.
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Use the cost information below for Laurels Company to determine the cost of goods manufactured during the current year.Direct materials used $5,000Direct labor $7,000Total factory overhead $5,100Beginning work in process $3,000Ending work in process $4,000A. $12,000B. $16,100C. $17,100D. $18,100
The cost of goods manufactured during the current year can be determined by adding the direct materials used, direct labor, and total factory overhead, and subtracting the ending work in process from the beginning work in process. The correct answer is B. $16,100.
This can be represented by the following equation:
Cost of Goods Manufactured = Direct Materials Used + Direct Labor + Total Factory Overhead + Beginning Work in Process - Ending Work in Process
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Cost of Goods Manufactured = $5,000 + $7,000 + $5,100 + $3,000 - $4,000
Simplifying the equation, we get:
Cost of Goods Manufactured = $16,100
Therefore, the correct answer is B. $16,100.
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The KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Department has embarked on a multi-million-dollar Transport Rehabilitation Initiative (TRI). The initiative has been identified as one that will ensure that the transportation networks and systems of the province are categorized as being world class by the year 2020. This will however include a series of projects that will encompass the construction of bridges, dual carriageways, railway networks, ports and airports. One of the first projects that will be performed under the initiative will be the expansion of the Durban Port; this is aimed at increasing its current holding capacity and overall operational efficiency. The KwaZulu-Natal MEC of Transport has indicated that the success of TRI depends heavily on the efficient management of the different projects under this initiative (KZN Department of Transport, 2019).
A notable initiative aiming at enhancing the province's transportation networks and systems is the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Department's Transport Rehabilitation Initiative (TRI).
What is efficient management of the different projects under this initiative (KZN Department of Transport, 2019)?
The project entails building a variety of infrastructure, including bridges, dual carriageways, rail networks, ports, and airports, with the goal of making the province's transportation systems of world average by the year 2020. The extension of the Natal Port, which aims to boost the port's storage capacity and operating effectiveness, is one of the major projects under TRI. According to the KwaZulu-Natal MEC of Transport, the effective management of the many projects included in the TRI initiative is a key factor in the initiative's success. Every large-scale programme, especially one as complex as TRI, must be managed effectively to be successful. In order to do this, resources, including financial, human, and material resources, must be properly planned, organised, and coordinated.
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Question 1
The reason that the sales presentation is a crucial part of selling is that it is used to
Odevelop desire for the product.
show the salesperson's enthusiasm.
explain after-sale services.
learn more about the customer.
Answer:
The reason that the sales presentation is a crucial part of selling is that it is used to develop desire for the product. A good sales presentation should be able to convince the potential customer that the product is something they need or want. Of course, it's important for the salesperson to also show enthusiasm for the product, but ultimately the goal is to get the customer excited about the product as well. While explaining after-sale services can be important, it's usually not the main focus of a sales presentation. And while a salesperson may learn more about the customer during the presentation, the primary goal is to create interest in the product.
What would be the average tax rate for a person who paid taxes if $5,040 on a taxable income of $42,000?
The average tax rate for this person is 12%.
The average tax rate can be a useful tool for comparing the tax burden of individuals with different income levels. The average tax rate for an individual who paid taxes of $5,040 on a taxable income of $42,000 would be calculated by dividing the total tax paid by the taxable income and multiplying the result by 100.
Average tax rate = Total taxes paid ÷ Taxable income
In this case, the person paid $5,040 in taxes on a taxable income of $42,000, so:
Average tax rate = $5,040 ÷ $42,000 = 0.12 or 12%
Therefore, the average tax rate is 12%.
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A project is:
a.is a temporary arrangement undertaken to achieve a specific goal.
b.is limited by three elements outcome, resources, and schedule.
c.Can include people from various departments and special specialties.
d.all of the above.
The correct option among the following statements is that d) All of the above is true when defining a project.
A project is a temporary arrangement undertaken to achieve a specific goal, is limited by three elements, i.e., outcome, resources, and schedule and can include people from various departments and special specialties.What is a project?A project is a temporary arrangement undertaken to achieve a specific goal. A project has a defined beginning and end, unlike operations. The goal of a project can be anything from building a new factory to launching a new product. What are the three primary constraints of a project?
The three primary constraints of a project are:
Time: The time frame allotted for a project is a constraint on project delivery. Each project has a specific start and end date, as well as a set of milestones. Cost: A project's financial resources are constrained by the project's overall budget. The budget constraints necessitate an efficient allocation of resources.Scope: Scope relates to the project's size and the deliverables required to achieve the project's goals. If scope increases, so do the costs and resources needed to achieve the project's goals.Why is the statement "Can include people from various departments and special specialties" true?A project is an undertaking with a specific objective that necessitates the involvement of people with various skill sets and expertise. The project manager is responsible for coordinating the activities of these individuals from various departments and specialties.The individuals' objectives are to work together to achieve the project goals and to ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget. Therefore, it is true that a project can include people from various departments and specialties.
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Styling Shoes, LLC, filed its 20X8 Form 1065 on March 15, 20X9. Styling had three members with the following ownership interests and tax bases at the beginning of 20X8: (1) Jane, a member with a 25 percent profits and capital interest and a $6,000 outside basis, (2) Joe, a member with a 45 percent profits and capital interest and a $11,000 outside basis, and (3) Jack, a member with a 30 percent profits and capital interest and a $3,000 outside basis. The following items were reported on Styling's Schedule K for the year: ordinary income of $102,000, Section 1231 gain of $16,000, charitable contributions of $26,000, and tax-exempt income of $4,000. In addition, Styling received an additional bank loan of $13,000 during 20X8. What is Jane's tax basis after adjustment for her share of these items
Jane's tax basis after adjustment for her share of these items is $49,500. Jane's distributive share of income and deductions is computed based on her ownership interest in the company, which is 25%.
To determine Jane's tax basis after adjustment for her share of the items reported on Styling's Schedule K, we need to compute her distributive share of income, deductions, and other items for the year.
Jane's distributive share of ordinary income is $25,500 ($102,000 x 25%). Her distributive share of Section 1231 gain is $4,000 ($16,000 x 25%). Her distributive share of charitable contributions is $6,500 ($26,000 x 25%). Her distributive share of tax-exempt income is $1,000 ($4,000 x 25%).
Jane's distributive share of the additional bank loan is $3,250 ($13,000 x 25%).
Jane's total distributive share of income is $40,250 ($25,500 + $4,000 + $6,500 + $1,000 + $3,250).
Jane's beginning outside basis is $6,000. We add her share of income items, which is $40,250, and subtract her share of deductions, which is zero in this case. We also add her share of the additional bank loan, which is $3,250. This gives Jane an ending outside basis of $49,500 ($6,000 + $40,250 + $3,250).
Therefore, Jane's tax basis after adjustment for her share of these items is $49,500.
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Kenworth Company uses a job-order costing system. Only three jobs-Job 105, Job 106, and Job 107 were worked on during November and December. Job 105 was completed on December 10; the other two jobs were still in production on December 31, the end of the company's operating year. Data from the job cost sheets of the three jobs follow: Job Cost Sheet Job 105 Job 106 Job 107 November costs incurred Direct materials $16,700 $ 9,500 $ 0
Direct labour $13,200 $7,200 $ 0
Manufacturing overhead $21,120 $11,520 $ 0
December costs incurred Direct materials $0 $8,300 $21,700 Direct labour $4,150 $6,100 $10,200
Manufacturing overhead ? ? ?
The following additional information is available
a. Manufacturing overhead is applied to jobs on the basis of direct labour cost
b. Balances in the inventory accounts at november 30 were as follows
Predetermined overhead rate = $21120/$13200 = 160% of direct labor cost
How to solveWork in process on Nov. 30 = $16700 + $13200 + $21120 + $9500 + $7200 + $11520 = $79240
Raw Materials Work in Process
Beg. Bal. 40600 34150 a. Raw materials issued 30000
a. Raw materials issued 30000 b. Direct labor incurred 20450
b. Direct labor incurred 20450 3-b. Manufacturing overhead applied 32720
3-b. Manufacturing overhead applied 32720 End. Bal. 6450 End. Bal. 100600
Finished Goods Manufacturing Overhead
Beg. Bal. 86000 a. Manufacturing overhead incurred 19270
a. Cost of goods manufactured 61810 b. Manufacturing overhead applied 32720
End. Bal. 147810 End. Bal. 1100
Event General Journal Debit Credit
a. Work in process 30000
Raw materials 34150
Manufacturing overhead 4150
(To record issue of materials)
b. Work in process 20450
Salaries & wages payable 28650
Manufacturing overhead 8200
(To record labor costs incurred)
c. Manufacturing overhead 19270
Accounts payable 19270
(To record manufacturing overhead costs incurred)
Predetermined overhead rate = $21120/$13200 = 160% of direct labor cost
Event General Journal Debit Credit
1 Work in process 61810
Finished goods 61810
(To record jobs completed and transferred)
Cost of Job 105 completed and transferred to finished goods = $16700 + $13200 + $21120 + $4150 + (160% x $4150) = $61810
Job 106 Job 107 Total
Direct materials 17800 21700 39500
Direct labor 13300 10200 23500
Manufacturing overhead 21280 16320 37600
Total cost $ 52380 48220 100600
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Research shows that global managers face a much different leadership context as compared to their domestic counterparts. One study done by Project GLOBE found that culture played a significant role in leadership traits. The study identified six leadership styles: performance-oriented; team-oriented; participative; humane; autonomous; and self-protective.
Match each managerial trait and country cluster to the appropriate leadership style.
According to the Project GLOBE study, the following leadership styles are associated with the corresponding managerial traits and country clusters:
Performance-oriented: This style is characterized by a focus on setting and achieving goals, and is most commonly found in the Anglo and Germanic Europe country clusters. Team-oriented: This style is characterized by a focus on building and maintaining cohesive teams, and is most commonly found in the Confucian Asia and Latin America country clusters
Participative: This style is characterized by involving team members in decision-making processes, and is most commonly found in the Nordic Europe country cluster. Humane: This style is characterized by a focus on caring for and supporting team members, and is most commonly found in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America country clusters.
Autonomous: This style is characterized by a focus on individual decision-making and independence, and is most commonly found in the Germanic Europe country cluster. Self-protective: This style is characterized by a focus on protecting oneself and one's team from outside threats, and is most commonly found in the Middle East and Southern Asia country clusters.
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question content area part 1 a fast food restaurant is an example of part 2 a. low customization and low degree of labor. b. high customization and high degree of labor. c. low customization and high degree of labor. d. high customization and low degree of labor.
A fast food restaurant is an example of low customization and high degree of labor.
How is a fast-food restaurant an example of low customization and high degree of labor?Fast-food restaurants are examples of mass-market services that emphasize efficiency and speed over customization. They provide a set menu of products to customers and are characterized by a high degree of labor in their production, which is achieved through specialization and division of labor.
An example of a low degree of labor would be a self-service restaurant, where customers serve themselves from a buffet. There are no servers to wait on tables, and there is no cooking involved because the food is already prepared.
A fast food restaurant, on the other hand, has a high degree of labor because there are several people involved in the production process, such as the cook, server, and cashier. In terms of customization, a fast-food restaurant provides low customization options, with a standardized menu of products that are the same in every location.
There may be small variations, such as different types of sauces or toppings, but overall, the menu is consistent across locations. The products are prepared using standardized recipes and procedures to ensure consistency in quality and taste. Therefore, a fast-food restaurant is an example of low customization and high degree of labor.
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Natsam Corporation has $250 million of excess cash. The firm has no debt and 500 million shares outstanding with a current market price of $15 per share. Natsam’s board has decided to pay out this cash as a one-time dividend.
What is the ex-dividend price of a share in a perfect capital market?
If the board instead decided to use the cash to do a one-time share repurchase, in a perfect capital market, what is the price of the shares once the repurchase is complete?
In a perfect capital market, which policy in part (a) or (b) makes investors in the firm better off?
1. The ex-dividend price of a share is $14.5
2. The cost of the shares once the repurchase is finished is $15 per share
3. In an ideal capital market, policy B would improve financial backers in the firm off
Clarification:
1. To compute the ex-dividend price of an share in an ideal capital market we would need to make the accompanying estimation:
ex-profit cost of a share=current market cost profit per share
current market price=$15 per share
profit per share= $250 million/500 million
profit per share=$0.5 per share
Subsequently, the ex-dividend price of a share=$15-$0.5
ex-dividend price of a share = $14.5
2. As indicated by the given information the ongoing business sector cost is $11 per share, in this manner, the cost of the offers, once the repurchase is finished On the off chance that the load up rather chosen to utilize the money to do a one-time share repurchase, is $11 per share
3. In an ideal capital market, the strategy b would improve financial backers in the firm off
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Boeing has a bond outstanding with a BBB- rating, 6.875% coupon, $1000 par value and
matures in 2043. The bond currently sells for $983.52 You bought the bond in 2016 at a price
of $1,515.0. What would be your yield if you sold the bond today at its current market price?
The yield for the Boeing bond with a BBB- rating, 6.875% coupon, $1000 par value and maturing in 2043 that you bought in 2016 at a price of $1,515.00, if sold today at its current market price of $983.52, would be 5.3%.
An obligation is a duty, responsibility, or commitment to do something, often legally or morally binding. It can refer to a promise, agreement, contract, or other formal or informal arrangement that creates an expectation of action or behavior. In a legal context, obligations may be enforceable through a court of law, and failure to fulfill an obligation can result in penalties, fines, or other legal consequences. For example, a contractual obligation to pay a debt or provide a service can be enforced through legal action. In a moral or ethical context, obligations may be less formal and may arise from principles such as honesty, integrity, or compassion. For example, individuals may feel an obligation to help others in need, to speak up against injustice, or to behave ethically in their personal or professional lives.
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Please help me with this! I don't understand it-- Economics + 45 pts!
1. What is the Marginal Return when increasing the amount of nitrogen used from 11 bags to 16 bags? Explain how that Marginal Return number is calculated.
2. What is the Marginal Yield of Corn in Bushels when the amount of nitrogen is increased from 16 bags to 21 bags? Explain how that Marginal Yield number is calculated.
3. What is the Marginal Value of the extra corn produced when the amount of nitrogen is increased from 16 bags to 21 bags? Explain how that Marginal Value number is calculated.
4. What is the Marginal Return on the extra yield of corn when the amount of nitrogen is increased from 16 bags to 21 bags? Explain how you calculated your answer
1. Marginal Return is the additional yield of corn produced by increasing nitrogen from 11 bags to 16 bags.
2. Marginal Yield is the additional yield of corn produced by increasing nitrogen from 16 bags to 21 bags.
3. Marginal Value is the additional revenue generated by the extra yield of corn produced with 21 bags of nitrogen.
4. Marginal Return is the ratio of the Marginal Value to the cost of additional nitrogen used.
Explanation:
1. The Marginal Return is the additional yield of corn produced by increasing the amount of nitrogen from 11 bags to 16 bags. To calculate this, we would need to know the yield of corn produced with 11 bags of nitrogen and compare it to the yield produced with 16 bags of nitrogen. For example, if the yield increased from 100 bushels to 120 bushels, the Marginal Return would be 20 bushels.
2. The Marginal Yield is the additional yield of corn produced by increasing the amount of nitrogen from 16 bags to 21 bags. To calculate this, we would need to know the yield of corn produced with 16 bags of nitrogen and compare it to the yield produced with 21 bags of nitrogen. For example, if the yield increased from 120 bushels to 130 bushels, the Marginal Yield would be 10 bushels.
3. The Marginal Value is the additional revenue generated by the extra yield of corn produced when the amount of nitrogen is increased from 16 bags to 21 bags. To calculate this, we would need to know the market price of corn and multiply it by the Marginal Yield. For example, if the price of corn is $5 per bushel and the Marginal Yield is 10 bushels, the Marginal Value would be $50.
4. The Marginal Return on the extra yield of corn is the ratio of the Marginal Value to the cost of the additional nitrogen used. To calculate this, we would need to know the cost of each bag of nitrogen and divide it by the Marginal Yield. For example, if the cost of each bag of nitrogen is $50 and the Marginal Yield is 10 bushels, the Marginal Return would be $5 per bushel. This means that for every $1 spent on additional nitrogen, the farmer is generating an additional $5 of revenue.
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Shamrock Retail has one store in Ottawa and one in Regina. All sales in Ontario are subject to 13\% HST; all sales in Saskatchewan are subject to 5% GST and 6% PST. On March 12, 2024, the Ottawa store reports cash sales of $8,400 and the Regina store reports cash sales of $9,000.
Calculate the sales taxes each store charged for these sales. Ottawa store - HST payable $ _________
Regina store - GST payable $ _________
Regina store - PST payable $ _________
eTextbook and Media
The GST payable for Regina store is $450 and the PST payable for Regina store is $540.
For the Ottawa store:Total sales = $8,400 HST rate in Ontario = 13% HST payable = Total sales * HST rate HST payable = $8,400 * 0.13 HST payable = $1,092
Therefore, the HST payable for the Ottawa store is $1,092.
For the Regina store:Total sales = $9,000 GST rate in Saskatchewan = 5% PST rate in Saskatchewan = 6%
GST payable = Total sales * GST rate GST payable = $9,000 * 0.05 GST payable = $450
PST payable = Total sales * PST rate PST payable = $9,000 * 0.06 PST payable = $540
Therefore, the GST payable for Regina store is $450 and the PST payable for Regina store is $540.
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Question 3 a data analyst wants to convert their r markdown file into another format. What are their options? select all that apply. Markdowndashboardsslide presentationsword documents
A data analyst wants to convert their R markdown file into another format. R markdown files can be converted into HTML, PDF and Word, slideshow presentations, or dashboards.
Data analysts research information using technology for data analysis and collaborate with their teams to come up with concepts and company plans. Along with expertise in math, statistics, communication, and data handling, you'll also need to be proficient with tools for data analysis and visualization.
Data analyst is a job in IT. A common element of IT jobs is the use of computing technologies. Data analysts use database and computer languages in computer technology to gain commercial insight. Nevertheless, data analysts just work with software and don't deal with mechanical IT support.
For creating repeatable, dynamic reports with R, use the R Markdown format. Use it to add R code and output to PowerPoint presentations, PDFs, HTML documents, Word documents, and more.
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