Answer:
In sphingolipids, the hydrophobic region consists of a longchain sphingoid base with generally 18 carbons, such as sphingosine, which is linked to the acyl group of a fatty acid via an amide bond (R2). The hydrophilic region (R1) consists in the simplest case of a hydroxyl group in the case of ceramide.
Explanation:
A weather balloon is inflated to a volume of 29.8 L at a pressure of 734 mmHg and a temperature of 27.9 ∘C . The balloon rises in the atmosphere to an altitude where the pressure is 375 mmHg and the temperature is -16.8 ∘C . Assuming the balloon can freely expand, calculate the volume of the balloon at this altitude.
Answer: 49.67 Liters
Explanation: To solve this problem, we only have to use 1 equation: P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2. P, T, and V represent pressure, temperature, and volume respectively. This equation can be used when dealing with gas problems. Usually, there is some change in pressure, temperature, or volume, that will alter pressure or volume. Temperature does not change with pressure or volume.
We are given the balloon starting at 29.8 L(V1), a pressure of 734 mmHg(P1), and a temperature of 27.9 C(T1). The ballon rises and encounters a new set of conditions: 375 mmHg(P2) and -16.8 C(T2). The only variable we are missing is V2 which we will solve for. But before we plug in, we have to do some unit conversions. When using any ideal gas equation, the temperature has to be in Kelvin, the volume in Liters, and the pressure in atm. To convert from mmHg to atm, we simply divide by 760. To convert from Celcius to Kelvin we add 273. Now we can plug into the equation.
((.9657 atm)(29.8 L))/300.8 K=((.4934 atm)(V2))/256.2 K
((.9657 atm)(29.8 L)(256.2 K))/((300.8 K)(.4934 atm))=V2
V2= 49.67 Liters
Hope this Helps!
what is the number of molecules in 2.25 mol. of carbon dioxide molecules (CO2)
Answer:
1.36 x 10^24 molecules
Explanation:
1 mole of CO2 has 6.022 x 10^23 moles
=> 2.25 x 6.022 x 10^23 = 1.35495 x 10^24 or 1.36 x 10^24
Which of the following is NOT an impact of using gasoline mixed with ethanol instead of pure petroleum-based gasoline?
Multiple choice question.
cross out
A)
decreases cost of fuel
cross out
B)
reduces dependency on petroleum
cross out
C)
increases smog
cross out
D)
decreases acid rain
The impact that is NOT associated with using gasoline mixed with ethanol instead of pure petroleum-based gasoline is D) decreases acid rain.
Explain about gasoline ?
Gasoline is a flammable liquid fuel that is widely used to power internal combustion engines in automobiles, boats, small engines, and other machinery. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, which are molecules composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Gasoline is derived from crude oil through a refining process that separates it from other petroleum products. The refining process can also vary the composition of gasoline, creating different grades and blends that are suited to different purposes.
Gasoline is highly combustible and must be handled with care.
The impact that is NOT associated with using gasoline mixed with ethanol instead of pure petroleum-based gasoline is D) decreases acid rain.
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Is it the same ΔrG° and ΔfG° ? Standard free gibbs energy.
Answer:
Yes. ΔrG° and ΔfG° represent the same thing, namely the standard free Gibbs energy. In the context of thermodynamics, this energy refers to the energy associated with a reaction that is taking place at a given temperature, pressure and concentration of reactants. This energy is dependent on the thermodynamic properties of the substances that are undergoing the reaction, and can be calculated from the reaction enthalpy, entropy and the standard state properties of the participating chemicals.
To further clarify the concept, let's take a look at a simple reaction:
A + B → C + D.
The standard free Gibbs energy for this reaction can be calculated using the following equation:
ΔrG° = ΔH° - TΔS°
Where ΔH° is the standard enthalpy change for the reaction, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and ΔS° is the standard entropy change for the reaction. It is important to note that both ΔH° and ΔS° are given in units of kJ/mol. The resulting ΔrG° can also be expressed in terms of the standard state properties of each participating reactant, resulting in the equation:
ΔrG° = Σi (ni·G°i) = Σi (ni·(H°i - T·S°i))
Where ni is the stoichiometric coefficient of the reactant,
Liquid octane reacts with gaseous oxygen gas to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water . If 29.2g of carbon dioxide is produced from the reaction of 20.6g of octane and 98.6 of oxygen gas, calculate the percent yield of carbon dioxide.
Round your answer to 3 significant figures.
Now, we can calculate the percent yield of carbon dioxide using the following equation Percent yield of CO2 = 61.5% .
What is carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. It exists in the Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas, making up approximately 0.04% of the atmosphere by volume. In nature, it is produced by the respiration of living organisms and through the decay of organic matter.
It is also a byproduct of many human activities such as burning fossil fuels, producing cement, and manufacturing plastic. Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas, which means it absorbs and traps heat in the atmosphere, resulting in global warming.
The given reaction is:
CH3CH2CH3 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
m(octane) = 20.6 g
m(O2) = 98.6 g
m(CO2) = 29.2 g
Using the given information and the balanced equation, we can determine the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide by using the following equation:
m(CO2) (theoretical) = (m(octane) × molar mass of octane) / molar mass of CO2
m(CO2) (theoretical) = (20.6 g × 72 g/mol) / 44 g/mol
m(CO2) (theoretical) = 47.45 g
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Full Question ;
Liquid octane CH3CH26CH3 reacts with gaseous oxygen gas O2 to produce gaseous carbon dioxide CO2 and gaseous water H2O. If 29.2g of carbon dioxide is produced from the reaction of 20.6g of octane and 98.6g of oxygen gas, calculate the percent yield of carbon dioxide. Round your answer to 3 significant figures.
What feature does a liquid have if it's considered volatile?
A. It evaporates rapidly at a low temperature.
B. It doesn't freeze unless it gets below absolute zero.
C. It contains a lot of oxygen to support combustion.
D. It releases energy when it contacts water.
A. It evaporates rapidly at a low temperature,liquid have if it's considered volatile.
Volatility refers to the ability of a liquid to evaporate quickly at a low temperature. Liquids that evaporate quickly are considered volatile. This is due to the fact that the vapor pressure of the liquid is higher than the atmospheric pressure, allowing the molecules of the liquid to escape more easily into the air.Volatility is a measure of how easily a material vaporizes or evaporates. It is a measure of the tendency of a material to escape from the liquid or solid state and enter into the gaseous state. Volatility is usually measured by the rate of evaporation or vaporization of a material.
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the enthalpy of formation of caesium chloride is Cs(s)------->Cs(g) ΔH⁰= –44.28 kj mol-¹
the enthalpy of sublimation of caesium is Cs(s) ------>Cs(g) ΔH⁰=+77.6 kj mol-¹
The lattice energy of the ceasium chloride is -1233 kJ/mol. This is the energy that is released when the salt is formed.
How do you find the lattice energy?The question is incomplete but I believe that you want to know how to obtain the lattice energy by the Haber cycle and I will throw some light on that.
Lattice energy is the amount of energy released when gaseous ions combine to form a solid ionic compound. It is a measure of the strength of the electrostatic attraction between the ions in the crystal lattice of the compound.
The lattice energy can be calculated using the Born-Haber cycle, which is a series of thermochemical equations that relate the lattice energy to other thermodynamic properties of the compound.
Hence;
-885 - (77 + 243 + 376 (-348))
= -1233 kJ/mol
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What is required to make a large amount of energy?
Consider a titration of 20.00mL of 0.7698M butanoic acid (HA, monoprotic acid, Ka=1.52x10^-5) with 14.34 mL of 0.8322M KOH. What is the pH of this solution?
The helium sample will occupy a volume of 11.12 L if the pressure is reduced to 5.15 atm while maintaining the temperature at 20 °C.
How do monoprotic and diprotic acids differ?The ability of monoprotic acids to donate one hydrogen atom or proton to their aqueous solution as opposed to diprotic acids to provide two hydrogen atoms or protons is the primary distinction between the two types of acids.
The pressure and volume of a gas are related by the following equation, known as Boyle's law:
P1V1 = P2V2
where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume, respectively.
Using this equation, we can solve for V2:
P1V1 = P2V2
V2 = (P1V1) / P2
Plugging in the values given in the problem, we get:
V2 = (5.79 atm x 9.89 L) / 5.15 atm
V2 = 11.12 L
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Enter your answer in the provided box. An element has two naturally-occurring isotopes. The mass numbers of these isotopes are 121.00 u and 123.00 u, with natural abundances of 90% and 10%, respectively. Calculate its average atomic mass. Report your answer to 2 decimal places.
Answer:
Kk I got it now but I think it to be great
If an EMT has 5g of Dextrose and if the volume of the water is 121 mL, what is the concentration of the solution the EMT can make in molarity?
The concentration of the dextrose solution that the EMT can make is 0.2295 M.
How to calculate the molarity of the solution ?We need to know the number of moles of dextrose in the solution and the total volume of the solution.
First, we need to convert the mass of dextrose from grams to moles using its molar mass. The molar mass of dextrose (C6H12O6) is 180.16 g/mol. Therefore:
Number of moles of dextrose = 5 g / 180.16 g/mol = 0.02777 mol
Next, we need to calculate the total volume of the solution in liters. We can convert the given volume of 121 mL to liters by dividing by 1000:
Total volume of solution = 121 mL / 1000 = 0.121 L
Finally, we can calculate the molarity of the solution using the formula:
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
Molarity = 0.02777 mol / 0.121 L = 0.2295 M
Therefore, the concentration of the dextrose solution that the EMT can make is 0.2295 M.
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Fe2O3 (s) +3CO (g) ----> 2Fe (l) + 3CO2 (g)
how many moles of CO2 are produced by the reaction of 64.0 mol of CO
The amount of CO2 produced by the reaction of 64.0 moles of CO is 64.0 moles.
According to the balanced chemical equation, 64.0 moles of CO react with Fe2O3:
Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) ----> 2Fe (l) + 3CO2 (g)
We can see that 3 moles of CO2 are produced for every 3 moles of CO reacted. As a result, we can calculate the number of moles of CO2 using the mole ratio of CO2 to CO, which is 3:3 or 1:1. Because we have 64.0 moles of CO, we will produce the same amount of CO2, which is also 64.0 moles.
As a result, the amount of CO2 produced by the reaction of 64.0 moles of CO is 64.0 moles. These data help calculate the theoretical yield of a reaction and determine the stoichiometry of an equilibrated chemical equation.
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Can someone please help me ASAP
Please write it on paper then upload the picture also please make it readable!
Calculating relative atomic mass of an element is ordered sequentially as followed:
Isotopes are varieties of the same type of atomHowever, they have more or less neutronsThey have the same amount of protonsRelative atomic mass is the average mass of the isotopesIt can be calculated as followsWrite down all the isotopes givenWrite down the percentage abundance for each isotope Multiply the % abundance by the RAM for each isotopeAdd together all of the values obtained in step 7Divide by 100Sometimes the answer can have a decimal value How to calculate RAM and percentage abundance?Part 2:
1. Relative atomic mass of Magnesium =
((23.99 x 0.787) + (24.99 x 0.1013) + (25.98 x 0.1117)) / 100 = 24.31 amu
a) Percentage abundance of silver-109 =
100% - 51.86% = 48.14%
b) Average atomic mass of silver = (106.90509 x 0.5186) + (108.90470 x 0.4814) = 107.8682 amu.
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Identify the precipitate that forms (if any) when aqueous solutions of strontium nitrate and potassium sulfate are mixed.
1. SrSO4(s)
2. SrK(s)
3. NO3SO4(s)
4. KNO3(s)
Answer:Srasao4(a)
Explanation:
What type of characteristic is passed from a parent to their offspring?
Answer:
Traits are the characteristics that are passed from a parent to their offspring. These traits are inherited through the genetic material that is passed down from the parent to the offspring during reproduction. The genetic material contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism, and these instructions are passed down from generation to generation. Traits can be physical, such as eye color or hair texture, or they can be behavioral, such as the ability to learn or communicate. The study of inheritance and traits is known as genetics.
Explanation:
Identify which type of arrow is most appropriate for each reaction.
1) Double arrow
2) Double arrow
3) Single arrow
4) Single arrow
5) Double arrow
6) Double arrow
What are the types of arrows used in a chemical reaction?In chemistry, there are several types of arrows used in chemical reactions to represent the movement of electrons or the direction of the reaction.
The double arrow arrow is used to indicate that the reaction is in equilibrium. It is often represented by two half-arrows facing opposite directions. It is common in the kinds of reactions that can go both ways.
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SO4 ^2- + Pb^2+ + H2O -> PbO2 + H2SO3
name of the oxidized element:
formula of oxidized:
name of element reduced:
formula of reducing:
In the redox reaction, Nitrogen element is oxidized and sulfur element is reduced. act as reducing agent and act as an oxidizing agent.
What is redox used for?Redox reaction, also known as an oxidation-reduction reaction, is the reaction in which both oxidation and reduction occur at the same time. The definition of an oxidation reaction is the process by which a substance loses its electrons. In this, an element's oxidation condition progresses. Or we could state that electrons are lost during decomposition.
A substance gains electrons during a reduction reaction, which is defined as such. In this, an element's oxidation state is reduced. Or we can say that in reduction, the gain of electrons takes place. Reducing agent : It is defined as the agent which helps the other substance to reduce and itself gets oxidized. Thus, it will undergo oxidation reaction.
Oxidizing agent : It is defined as the agent which helps the other substance to oxidize and itself gets reduced. Thus, it will undergo reduction reaction.
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C2H6O+3 O2-> 2 CO2 + 3H2O
Two chemists conduct the reaction and measure a percent yield of carbon dioxide of 89%. IF the actual yield was 22.32 moles of carbon dioxide gas at STP, what was the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide?
Theoretical yield of CO2 is 25.07 moles. The percent yield of a reaction is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage, and is a measure of the efficiency of the reaction.
What is Theoretical Yield?
Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be obtained from a given amount of reactants, assuming complete conversion of the reactants and 100% efficiency of the reaction. In other words, it is the amount of product that would be obtained if the reaction proceeded to completion without any side reactions or losses of product.
The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of C2H6O (ethanol) is:
C2H6O + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
The stoichiometry of the equation shows that 1 mole of C2H6O reacts with 3 moles of O2 to produce 2 moles of CO2. Therefore, the theoretical yield of CO2 can be calculated based on the amount of C2H6O used in the reaction.
Assuming that the percent yield of CO2 is 89%, we can calculate the actual yield of CO2 as follows:
Actual yield of CO2 = 89% x theoretical yield of CO2
If the actual yield of CO2 is 22.32 moles at STP, we can calculate the theoretical yield of CO2 as follows:
Theoretical yield of CO2 = Actual yield of CO2 / (89%/100%)
Theoretical yield of CO2 = 22.32 moles / 0.89 = 25.07 moles
Therefore, the theoretical yield of CO2 is 25.07 moles.
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What is the minimum volume of a 2.34 M NaOH solution needed to make 150.0 mL of a 0.800 M NaOH solution?
375 mL
25.6 mL
51.3 mL
1.2 * 10^2 mL
63.3 mL
Answer: 51.3 mL.
Explanation:
To calculate the minimum volume of a 2.34 M NaOH solution needed to make 150.0 mL of a 0.800 M NaOH solution, we can use the formula:
M1V1 = M2V2
Where M1 is the initial molarity, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final molarity, and V2 is the final volume.
We want to find the initial volume, so we can rearrange the formula to solve for V1:
V1 = (M2V2) / M1
Substituting the given values, we get:
V1 = (0.800 mol/L x 0.150 L) / 2.34 mol/L
V1 = 0.0513 L or 51.3 mL (rounded to 3 significant figures)
Therefore, the minimum volume of a 2.34 M NaOH solution needed to make 150.0 mL of a 0.800 M NaOH solution is 51.3 mL. Answer: 51.3 mL.
The figure (Figure 1) shows the reaction of element A
(lavender spheres) with element B
(tan spheres). Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction in terms of A
and B
.
Express your answer as a chemical equation.
The balanced reaction equation is; 4A + 6B2 ----> 4AB3
What is a balanced reaction equation?A balanced reaction equation is a chemical equation that shows the complete chemical reaction, with the same number of atoms of each element on both the reactant and product side. In other words, the total number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.
Balancing a chemical equation involves adjusting the coefficients (numbers in front of the chemical formulas) in order to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation. This is important because in a chemical reaction, atoms are not created or destroyed, but only rearranged into new molecules.
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HELP PLS
the screenshot is attached. it has it all there
The balanced reaction equation is;
C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
How do you balance reaction equations by atom count?Balancing a chemical equation by atom count involves adjusting the coefficients (the numbers in front of each chemical formula) so that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation. Here are the steps to follow:
Write the unbalanced chemical equation, including the correct chemical formulas for each reactant and product.
Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
Determine which elements are not balanced by comparing the number of atoms on each side.
Choose one element that is not balanced, and start by balancing it on one side of the equation.
Add coefficients to the other reactants and products in the equation until the number of atoms of that element is balanced on both sides.
Repeat this process for each element that is not balanced until the equation is balanced.
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Why does lowered air pressure allow water to boil at room temperature? A. The mass of the liquid is reduced, making it easier to form a gas. B. The lowered air pressure increases the temperature of the liquid. C. Less force pushes down on the liquid, making it easier for gas to escape. D. The kinetic energy of the liquid molecules increases, causing gas to form.4
The right response is C. Less pressure is applied to the liquid, which makes it simpler for gas to escape.
Why is it possible for water to boil at room temperature despite the reduced air pressure?Less pressure allows the water molecules to flow more freely, gaining kinetic energy in the process. As a result, less heat energy is needed to break the intermolecular interactions. (the boiling point decreases). Water boils and transforms into water vapour after the boiling point is reduced to room temperature.
Why does water boil at lower temperatures and lower pressures?When air pressure is lower, it requires less energy to get water to the boiling point. Water will boil at a lower temperature at higher altitudes because there is less energy and hence less heat there.
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What volume of 0.550 M HCl can be prepared from 35.0 mL of 11.7 M HCl? Responses 1.13 mL 1.13 mL 18.4 mL 18.4 mL
Answer:
To calculate the volume of 0.550 M HCl that can be prepared from 35.0 mL of 11.7 M HCl, we can use the following formula: M1V1 = M2V2 where M1 is the initial concentration of HCl (11.7 M), V1 is the initial volume of HCl (35.0 mL), M2 is the final concentration of HCl (0.550 M), and V2 is the final volume of HCl that we need to calculate. Rearranging the formula to solve for V2, we get: V2 = (M1V1) / M2 Substituting the given values, we get: V2 = (11.7 M)(35.0 mL) / 0.550 M V2 = 747.27 mL Therefore,
A graduated cylinder with water reads 15.5 mL. If 20.50 g of copper is dropped in, what will the new water level be in the graduated cylinder?
The new water level in the graduated cylinder will be 17.79 mL. When an object is submerged in a liquid, it expels a volume-equivalent amount of liquid.
How does one interpret volume measurements on a graduated cylinder using the meniscus?With your eyes level with the liquid and the graduated cylinder placed on a flat surface, measure the liquid's height. The liquid will slant downward naturally. The meniscus is the name of this curvature. Always read the measurement on the meniscus's bottom.
Density = mass / volume
With the above formula, we can obtain the volume of the copper. This can be obtained as follow:
Mass of copper = mass/volume
Density of copper = 8.96 g/mL
Volume of copper = Mass of copper / Density of copper
Volume of copper = 20.50 g / 8.96 g/mL
Volume of copper = 2.29 mL
we shall determine the new height of the water. This can be obtained as follow:
Initial height of water = 15.5 mL
Volume of copper = 2.2 mL
New water level = Initial water level + Volume of copper
New water level = 15.5 mL + 2.29 mL
New water level = 17.79 mL
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What is the pressure of 1.71 g
of nitrogen gas confined to a volume of 0.300 L
at 35 ∘C
?
Answer:
12.93 atm
Explanation:
c xc xc xc
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What is the mass of 6.30 moles of magnesium chloride, MgCl2 ?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
Choose the products that complete the reaction. The chemical equations may not be balanced.
HCI + NaOH →?
O NaCl + H₂O
ONaCl + CO₂ + H₂O
ONaCl + H₂
DONE✔
Collin is conducting a study about chimpanzee communication methods. Which of the following note excerpts from his recent trip to the zoo would be good to include in his study?
a.
Male chimpanzee sleeping in tree for an hour
b.
Baby chimpanzee playing in tree branches for an hour
c.
Female chimpanzee walks away when male chimpanzee approaches
d.
Male chimpanzee eats bananas rather than vegetables during feeding time
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
C would be the best answer to include in Collin's study about chimpanzee communication methods.
The female chimpanzee walking away when the male chimpanzee approaches can provide information about social behavior and interactions between chimpanzees, which is relevant to the study of their communication methods. The other options are not directly related to communication methods.
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A beaker contains a total of 500 ml of solution which is 0.00050 M Ag^+, 0.00050 M Pb^2+, and 0.00050 M in Mn^2+ ions. If 10.00 ml of 1.0*10^-6 M Na2CO3 is added to the beaker, what will precipitate?
Ksp Ag2CO3 = 8.1*10^-12
Ksp PbCO3 = 7.4*10^-14
Ksp MnCO3 = 8.8*10^-11
Only Ag2CO3 will precipitate from the solution.
Precipitation reactionWhen Na2CO3 is added to the solution, it will react with the Ag^+ and Pb^2+ ions to form precipitates of Ag2CO3 and PbCO3. The Mn^2+ ion concentration is not high enough to form a precipitate with Na2CO3.
First, let's calculate the initial concentration of Ag^+ and Pb^2+ ions in the solution:
Ag^+: 0.00050 M
Pb^2+: 0.00050 M
Next, we need to calculate the concentration of Na2CO3 after it is added to the solution. Since we added 10.00 ml of 1.0*10^-6 M Na2CO3 to a total volume of 500 ml, the final concentration of Na2CO3 is:
[Na2CO3] = (10.00 ml / 500 ml) * 1.010^-6 M
[Na2CO3] = 2.010^-8 M
Now we can use the Ksp values to determine which precipitates will form.
For Ag2CO3:
Ksp = [Ag^+]^2[CO3^2-]
8.110^-12 = (2x)^2 (2x)
8.110^-12 = 4x^3
x = 2.0*10^-4 M
Since the concentration of CO3^2- is higher than the solubility product, Ag2CO3 will precipitate.
For PbCO3:
Ksp = [Pb^2+][CO3^2-]
7.410^-14 = (0.00050 M)(2x)
x = 9.210^-11 M
Since the concentration of CO3^2- is lower than the solubility product, PbCO3 will not precipitate.
Therefore, the only precipitate that will form is Ag2CO3.
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Write the net ionic equation, including phases, that corresponds to the reaction
Cu(ClO4)2(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)⟶CuCO3(s)+2NaClO4(aq)
Cu
(
ClO
4
)
2
(
aq
)
+
Na
2
CO
3
(
aq
)
⟶
CuCO
3
(
s
)
+
2
NaClO
4
(
aq
)
Answer:
Cu^2+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq) ⟶ CuCO3(s)
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is:
Cu(ClO4)2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) ⟶ CuCO3(s) + 2NaClO4(aq)
We first need to identify the spectator ions to write the net ionic equation. These are ions that appear on both sides of the equation and do not participate in the reaction. In this case, the spectator ions are Cu^2+ and ClO4^-, as they appear unchanged on both sides.
The net ionic equation is obtained by removing the spectator ions from the balanced equation. Therefore, the net ionic equation for this reaction is:
Cu^2+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq) ⟶ CuCO3(s)
Note that Na+ and ClO4^- are not included in the net ionic equation because they do not participate in the formation of the solid product (CuCO3).