If the company sells 7,600 units, its net operating income should be closest to $46,000 i.e., option D.
The provided contribution format income statement of Rovinsky Corporation is for the month of November. The sales (7,700 units) are $400,400; Variable expenses are $246,400; Contribution margin is $154,000; Fixed expenses are $103,500; Net operating income is $50,500.It is required to calculate the net operating income if the company sells 7,600 units.
Let's first calculate the contribution margin per unit: Contribution margin per unit = Total contribution margin / Total units sold= $154,000 / 7,700= $20 per unitNow, let's calculate the total contribution margin when 7,600 units are sold: Total contribution margin = Contribution margin per unit * Units sold= $20 * 7,600= $152,000Now, let's calculate the net operating income when 7,600 units are sold: Total Revenue = Selling Price per Unit * Units Sold= $400,400 / 7,700 * 7,600= $390,400Total variable expenses = Variable expenses per unit * Units Sold= $246,400 / 7,700 * 7,600= $243,200Total fixed expenses are $103,500.Net operating income = Total Revenue - Total variable expenses - Total fixed expenses= $390,400 - $243,200 - $103,500= $43,700
Therefore, the net operating income when the company sells 7,600 units is $43,700. Hence, option (D) is the correct answer. $46,000 is the closest to $43,700.
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What is an example of differentiated marketing?
A prime example of differentiated marketing is how automobile manufacturers market their cars to different demographic groups.
Differentiated marketing is a marketing strategy where a company creates different marketing campaigns and product offerings for different market segments.
For instance, a car manufacturer may design and advertise a sports car to appeal to young and affluent individuals, while also designing a family sedan that caters to the needs of middle-aged individuals with families.
By tailoring the marketing messages and product offerings to specific market segments, companies can increase sales and brand loyalty among different customer groups.
Differentiated marketing helps companies reach customers with specific needs and preferences, and it can lead to increased customer satisfaction and brand recognition.
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Issue: The issue is to determine the basis for allocation of rent between the office and shop spaces and to classify the lease as an operating or finance lease. Additionally, the useful life, fair mar
To determine the basis for allocation of rent between the office and shop spaces and classify the lease as an operating or finance lease, it is important to assess the useful life and fair market value of the asset.
For an operating lease, the useful life and fair market value of the asset should be known and the rent must be allocated proportionately according to the value of each component. For a finance lease, the useful life and fair market value must also be known, but the rent is allocated according to the portion of the asset that is depreciated over the life of the lease.
It is also important to consider the terms of the lease and the relative rights and obligations of the parties involved, as this will determine whether the lease is operating or finance.
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A firm is considering three capacity alternatives: A, B, and C. Alternative A would have an annual fixed cost of $100,000 and a variable cost of $22 per unit. Alternative B would have an annual fixed cost of $120,000 and variable costs of $20 per unit. Alternative C would have a fixed cost of $80,000 and variable costs of $30 per unit. Revenue is expected to be $50 per unit.
A.) Which alternative has the lowest break-even quantity?
B.) Which alternative will produce the highest profits for an annual output of 10,000 units?
C.) Which alternative would require the lowest volume of output to generate an annual profit of $50,000?
The alternative that has the lowest break-even quantity alternative A.
The alternative that will produce the highest profit for an annual output of 10,000 units is alternative C
The alternative that will require the lowest volume of output to generate an annual profit of $50,000 are alternative B and C.
What is the breakeven quantity?Breakeven quantity are the number of units produced and sold at which net income is zero
Breakeven quantity = fixed cost / price – variable cost per unit
Breakeven quantity for alternative A = 100,000 / (50 - 22) = 3571.43
Breakeven quantity for alternative B = 120,000 / (50 - 20) = 4,000
Breakeven quantity for alternative C = 80,000 / (50 - 30) = 4,000
Profit = total revenue - total cost
= (price x output) - (fixed cost + variable cost)
Profit for alternative A = (50 x 10,000) - [100,000 + (10,000 x 22)
500,000 - 100,000 - 220.000 = $180,000
Profit for alternative B = (50 x 10,000) - [120,000 + (10,000 x 20)
500,000 - 120,000 - 200,000 = $180,000
Profit for alternative C = (50 x 10,000) - [80,000 + (10,000 x 30)
500,000 - 80,000 - 300,000 = $120,000
Profit = (price x output ) - fixed cost - (variable cost x output)
Profit + fixed cost = revenue - variable cost
Output needed for an annual profit of 50,000 by alternative A = 50,000 + 100,000 = ($50 x q) - ($22 x q)
150,000 = 28q
q = 150,000 / 28
q = 5357.14
Output needed for an annual profit of 50,000 by alternative B = 50,000 + 120,000 = ($50 x q) - ($20 x q)
120,0000 = 30q
q = 120,000 / 30
q = 4,000
Output needed for an annual profit of 50,000 by alternative B = 50,000 + 80,000 = (50 x q) - (30 x q)
80,000 = 20q
q = 80,000 / 20
q = 4000
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The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs is called the
a.) immovable barrier
b.) glass ceiling
c.) discrimination wall.
d.) invisible door
e.) steel curtain
In the following question, among the given options, option b). The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs is called the "Glass ceiling"
What is a Glass Ceiling? A glass ceiling is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from reaching high-level positions in a company or organization. This barrier is not visible, but it exists, and it prevents women and minorities from progressing beyond a certain point in their careers.
There is no such thing as a "glass wall," "invisible door," or "steel curtain." These terms are not relevant to the question because they do not relate to the phenomenon of the glass ceiling. The term "immovable barrier" is somewhat similar to the glass ceiling, but it is not the right answer. The answer to the question is b.) Glass ceiling.
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Assume the market for extra-long twin mattresses is in equilibrium. There is a sudden decrease in income throughout the economy. If all else is held constant, we would expect that if extra-long twin mattresses are a(n) good, then the demand curve will shift to the causing the equilibrium price and quantity to inferior: left; fall normal; right; rise inferior; right: fall O normal; left: fall O normal; left: rise
When there is a sudden decrease in income throughout the economy, it will affect the demand for goods and services. If extra-long twin mattresses are an inferior good, it means that as income decreases, the demand for these mattresses will increase. The correct answer is: inferior; left; fall.
This will cause the demand curve to shift to the left, leading to a fall in the equilibrium price and quantity. This is because when the demand curve shifts to the left, it indicates a decrease in demand, which will cause a decrease in the price and quantity of the good in the market. Therefore, the correct answer is "inferior; left; fall."
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IIf Susan’s claim of age discrimination does not prevail, she might win a case for ____________.
a) Gender plus discrimination
b) Wrongful discharge
c) Breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing
d) Intentional interference with a contract
A "wrongful discharge" is when an employee was fired by their boss in violation of the law. The correct answer is option (B).
What does wrongful discharge mean?Because it is demonstrated in this instance that she wasn't properly trained for the process that was causing everyone to suffer, she is able to justify herself by claiming that the actions taken here were done so with good faith. This violates the obligation to act honestly and in good faith.
Wrongful dismissal, also known as wrongful termination or wrongful discharge, is when an employee's employment contract has been ended by their employer in violation of one or more of its terms as well as any applicable employment law statutes or rules.
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research shows that a key competence of high-performance diversified firms is the ability to group of answer choices hide excess capital. efficiently dispose of excess capital. effectively allocate financial capital. invest internationally.
Research shows that a key competence of high-performance diversified firms is the ability to effectively allocate financial capital.
When it comes to financial management, effective capital allocation is an essential key competence of high-performance diversified firms. A diversified firm is a corporation that operates in various industries and services, and it has several subsidiaries in different markets. The main goal of a diversified firm is to achieve a balance between the different business units and industries. They may have different economic cycles, growth rates, and levels of profitability. A diversified firm is also exposed to different financial risks, such as operational risks, financial risks, and market risks.
Efficient financial management is essential for a diversified firm to mitigate the risks associated with each business unit and industry. Allocating financial capital effectively helps a diversified firm to optimize their resources, increase their operational efficiency, and maximize their return on investment. By allocating financial capital effectively, diversified firms can also increase their competitiveness and long-term sustainability.
In conclusion, the ability to effectively allocate financial capital is a key competence of high-performance diversified firms.
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Explain the expected impact and importance of including each of the following in the capital structure debate: signaling theory, the constraining managers’ theory, the pecking order hypotheses, and the windows of opportunity theory.
The capital structure refers to the combination of debt and equity that a company uses to finance its operations.
There are several theories that attempt to explain how companies choose their capital structure, and including these theories in the capital structure debate can provide important insights into the decision-making process.
Signaling theory suggests that a company’s choice of capital structure provides information to the market about the company’s future prospects. If a company issues equity, it may be signaling that it has positive future growth prospects, whereas issuing debt may be signaling that the company is comfortable with its current level of growth and believes it can make fixed payments consistently in the future.
The constraining managers’ theory suggests that managers may have a tendency to choose capital structures that limit their discretion and prevent them from making decisions that could harm the company. For example, if a company has a high level of debt, the managers may be more cautious about making risky investments or acquisitions.
The pecking order hypotheses suggest that companies have a preference for financing their operations with internal funds first, followed by debt, and finally equity. This theory suggests that companies prefer to avoid issuing equity whenever possible, because issuing equity can be seen as a signal that the company is not able to generate enough internal funds or debt.
Windows of opportunity theory proposes that companies are more likely to issue equity when equity valuations are high, which provides an opportunity to raise more capital. This theory suggests that companies may tailor their capital structure to take advantage of these windows of opportunity.
Overall, including these theories in the capital structure debate can provide insights into the decision-making process and help companies make more informed choices about their capital structure.
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mary kay uses a sales force of independent beauty consultants comprised of nearly three million women across the globe to distribute its products, which are customized based on regional preferences. based on this marketing strategy, mary kay would be best classified as a(n) ______ firm.
Based on the given information, Mary Kay can be best classified as a direct selling firm or a multi-level marketing firm.
Direct selling refers to the marketing and selling of products directly to consumers in a non-retail environment. Mary Kay uses a sales force of independent beauty consultants to distribute its products, indicating that they engage in direct selling.
Multi-level marketing (MLM) is a business model where salespeople earn income not only from their own sales but also from the sales of the people they recruit into the sales force.
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Ted is the accountant of an organization. As a part of his training, he has been urged by the organization to act in a manner that will instill a sense of trust and serve the interest of the clients. Which professional conduct is this specification a part of?
A.
responsibilities
B.
integrity
C.
public interest
D.
due care
Professional conduct is this specification a part of integrity. The correct option is B.
Why is professional conduct essential?Professional conduct is essential in promoting trust and confidence in the profession, as well as in ensuring the safety and well-being of individuals and the public. Many professions have their own codes of conduct, which are developed and enforced by professional organizations or governing bodies to ensure that their members act in a manner that upholds the integrity of the profession.
Integrity, one of the cornerstones of accounting ethics, is the trait of being truthful, dependable and possessing a strong moral code.
Thus, the correct option is B. integrity.
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Ted is the accountant of an organization. Integrity professional conduct is this specification a part of.
Option B is correct.
Who are accountants?A professional accountant is in charge of keeping and interpreting financial records. The majority of accountants work on a wide range of finance-related projects, either for their own clients or for larger businesses and organizations that hire them.
By collecting, tracking, and correcting the company's finances, an accountant assists businesses in making crucial financial decisions. They are answerable for monetary reviews, accommodating bank articulations, and guaranteeing monetary records are exact consistently.
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The Senior Manager of a company refused to implement an activity-based costing system as recommended by the Accountant because it would cost approximately $40,000 to implement this new system. The Manager felt that better use could be made of the money such as investing in projects that could yield positive returns or using the money to improve customer satisfaction.
Questions
1. How does a customer benefit by our spending $40,000 on a supposedly better accounting system?"
2. How should the Accountant respond?
1. A customer will benefit by your spending $40,000 on a better accounting system so that the company's financial statements will be more accurate and relevant.
2. The accountant should explain to the senior manager the benefits of implementing an activity-based costing system.
Customers, investors, and other stakeholders will have a more realistic picture of the company's financial situation, which will increase their confidence in the company. Customers will benefit from the company's improved financial situation, which will allow it to provide better customer service, offer better prices, and invest in new products and services.
The accountant should explain to the senior manager the benefits of implementing an activity-based costing system, such as more accurate and relevant financial statements. The accountant should also explain the long-term cost savings and other benefits of implementing such a system. The accountant should be able to provide a detailed cost-benefit analysis of implementing the new system, which should convince the senior manager that it is a worthwhile investment. If necessary, the accountant should also provide evidence of the success of similar systems in other companies.
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When should the CAE report to the management if the preliminary
risk assessment finds control weakness?
1. promptly
2. Through meetings and reports after the end of the
fieldwork
The CAE (Chief Audit Executive) should report to the management promptly if the preliminary risk assessment finds control weakness. Therefore, the correct option is A.
Preliminary risk assessment, often known as initial risk assessment or IRA, is the first stage in the risk assessment process, used to recognize, assess, and prioritize possible hazards and opportunities for risk reduction. This stage should be taken to plan the approach to risk assessment to guarantee that it is suitable and addresses the requirements of stakeholders. Risk assessment, on the other hand, is an ongoing process that should be conducted on a regular basis to guarantee that risk management activities stay appropriate and effective.
In other words, preliminary risk assessments should be conducted when beginning a new project or when the hazards linked with an existing project have changed, such as when a new hazard emerges. The preliminary risk assessment process involves gathering and analyzing relevant data to identify hazards and risks linked with a project.
A chief audit executive (CAE) should report to the management promptly if the preliminary risk assessment discovers control weakness. This is important because control weaknesses can have a significant influence on the operation of the organization. The report should contain recommendations for resolving the control weakness identified during the assessment.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: When should the CAE report to the management if the preliminary risk assessment finds control weakness? A) Promptly B) At the end of project. C) During the control phase. D) During planning stage.
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Sociologists have long defined publics as the categorical opposite of crowds, diffuse rather than assembled. Political theories have characterized publics as discussion rather than action-oriented, deliberative rather than impulsive, rational rather than emotional.32 It is a term with many meanings, etymologically and conceptually. Political theorist Jeffrey Weintraub identifies four distinct usages of the term: public as in the political sphere; public in the economic sense of state ownership versus private ownership, public as sociability and as public space where it may occur, and public as contrasted to the private domestic sphere of family. The first sense of public is the primary focus here, the idea of publics, public opinion, public sphere and their relation to the state.The second plays a Introduction 11 part in the story insofar as media and entertainments are products and enterprises of private corporations who influence the representations of audiences.The third is intertwined with the concept of community and its opposite, with public places as sites of community, the mass and the consequences for forming political publics.The last is part of the story insofar as middle-class withdrawal or confinement to the domestic sphere has been implicated in the vitality of publics and the exclusions of women from publics.33 Publics in the political sense have been conceptualized as bound up with media. Unlike crowds, publics are dispersed and therefore necessitate means of communication. In one of the first formulations of the concept at the turn of the twentieth century, French theorist Gabriel Tarde linked publics to newspapers. More than a half century later, projecting his concept of public sphere onto eighteenth-century London and Paris, Jurgen Habermas also described print media playing an important role in the conversation of public houses and other public places.34The second characteristic feature of publics in both Tarde’s and Habermas’ concepts, was conversation. This reflects the consistent conceptualizing of publics in terms of discussion and the conceptual neglect of its relation to action. Indeed, most theorists have discussed public discussion as leading to "public opinion," not public action, with the presumption that elected officials of a democratic state would be influenced by opinion.
Compose two multiple-choice questions to test the understanding of the material covered in that section. Each question must be specifically and exclusively based on the section of the text and include four plausible answer options Briefly explain why you asked the question you did, and how you approached the task.
According to the passage, what distinguishes publics from crowds?
a) Publics are emotional, while crowds are rational
b) Publics are assembled, while crowds are diffuse
c) Publics are action-oriented, while crowds are discussion-oriented
d) Publics are impulsive, while crowds are deliberative
Explanation: This question tests the reader's understanding of the definition of publics and crowds as presented in the passage. The correct answer is b, as the passage states that publics are "diffuse rather than assembled."
What role do media and entertainment play in shaping publics, according to the passage?
a) They are owned by the state and therefore influence public opinion
b) They are not relevant to the formation of publics
c) They are products of private corporations that influence audience representation
d) They are primarily responsible for public action
Explanation: This question tests the reader's understanding of the passage's discussion of the different senses in which the term "public" is used. The correct answer is c, as the passage states that media and entertainments are "products and enterprises of private corporations who influence the representations of audiences."
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when a group of underwriters jointly works together to sell a new issue of securities, the underwriters form a(n): multiple choice syndicate. market union. underwriting cartel. dutch market. venture capital association.
The underwriters form a syndicate when a group of underwriters jointly works together to sell a new issue of securities.
What is an underwriter? Underwriters are financial organizations that help businesses and governments raise funds by purchasing securities. They assess and evaluate the risks associated with the underlying assets in order to ascertain the valuation of securities that they intend to underwrite. They guarantee a certain amount of capital to be raised by agreeing to buy any unsold securities in case the offering falls short of its targeted amount.
What is a syndicate? A syndicate is a group of underwriters who collaborate to underwrite and distribute a new securities issue to the public. Investment banking firms, brokerage houses, and other entities might all be part of a syndicate. The underwriting syndicate is formed to help a business raise money by issuing new stocks, bonds, or other securities. The underwriting syndicate's activities are regulated by an underwriting agreement.
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Country a is relatively land-abundant, and wheat is relatively land-intensive. Given the assumptions of the Heckscher-ohlin model, the opening of a trade by this country will cause the domestic price of wheat to ____
Country a is relatively land-abundant, and wheat is relatively land-intensive. Given the assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the opening of a trade by this country will cause the domestic price of wheat to rise.
Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin at the Stockholm School of Economics created the Heckscher-Ohlin model, a general equilibrium mathematical model of global trade.
The Heckscher-Ohlin model evaluates the balance of trade between two countries with different natural resources and areas of expertise. The model describes how a nation should operate and conduct business in the face of global resource disparities. The Heckscher-Ohlin model's fundamental premise is that, other from the difference in resource endowments, the two countries are comparable. This implies that people's tastes are similar in general as well.
According to Heckscher and Ohlin, the reasons for international trade include disparities in factor endowments, or the availability of all factors, not only labor efficiency and the various factor ratios needed for various commodities.
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Calculate the price of a zero coupon bond that matures in 13
years if the market interest rate is 5.70 percent. Assume
semiannual compounding.
Zero coupon bond price: $_____
Based on the information given, the price of the zero coupon bond is $577.11.
How to solveTo calculate the price of a zero coupon bond, we need to use the following formula:
P = F / (1 + r/n)^(n*t)
Where:
P = price of the bondF = face value of the bondr = annual interest raten = number of compounding periods per yeart = time to maturity in yearsIn this case, the face value of the bond is not given, but we can assume it to be $1000 for simplicity.
Also, the annual interest rate is 5.70%, which is the market interest rate, and the compounding is semiannual, which means n = 2. Finally, the time to maturity is 13 years.
Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
P = 1000 / (1 + 0.057/2)^(2*13)P = 1000 / (1.0285)^26P = 1000 / 1.7331P = $577.11 (rounded to the nearest cent)Therefore, the price of the zero coupon bond is $577.11.
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calculate the new exchange rate dollars per pound if the dollar appreciates by 3% over the enxt year
The new exchange rate will be the current exchange rate multiplied by 1.03.
Given, the dollar appreciates by 3% over the next year. To calculate the new exchange rate dollars per pound if the dollar appreciates by 3% over the next year, we have to multiply the current exchange rate by (1 + 0.03) or 1.03.
The new exchange rate of dollars per pound after the dollar appreciates by 3% over the next year can be calculated as follows: Let x be the exchange rate of dollars per pound.
x × 1.03 = new exchange rate of dollars per pound after the dollar appreciates by 3%
Therefore, the new exchange rate of dollars per pound after the dollar appreciates by 3% over the next year is the current exchange rate multiplied by 1.03, i.e., x × 1.03.
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The Riverside Company had the following inventories on Aug. I of the current Problem 1 The following information pertains to August operations: 1) Materials purchased on account, P70,000. 2) Materials issued for production, P62,500. Of this amount, P7,500 was for indirect materials; the difference was distributed: P13,750 to Job 401; P17,500 to Job 402; and P23,750 to Job 403 . 3) Materials returned to the warehouse from the factory, P2,000, of which P750 was for indirect materials, the balance from Job 403 . 4) Materials returned to vendors, P2,500. 5) Payroll after deducting P7,562.50 for withholding taxes, P4,000 for SSS Premiums, P937.50 for Medicare, and P3,000 for Pag-ibig, was P82,000. The payroll due the employees was paid during the month. 6) The payroll was distributed as follows: P26,000 to Job 401; P31,250 to Job 402,P26,250 to Job 403 and the balance represents indirect labor. 7) The share of the employer for payroll was recorded - P5,000 for SSS Premiums, P937.50 for Medicare Contributions, and P3,000 for Pag-ibig Funds. 8) Factory overhead, other than any previously mentioned, amounted to P37, 500. Incl ded in this figure were P7,500 for depreciation of factory building and equipment, and P2,375 for expired insurance on the factory. The remaining overhead was unpaid at the end of August. 9) Factory overhead was applied to production at the rate of 80% of direct labor cost. 10) Jobs 401 and 402 were completed and transferred to the finished goods warehouse 11) Job 401 was shipped and billed at a gross profit of 40% of the cost. 12) Cash collections from accounts receivable during August were P87,500.. Requirements for Problem 1 1. Journal entries to record the above transactions. 2. job order cost sheets. 3. Cost of goods sold statement
The Riverside Company had the following inventories on Aug. The journal entry of the following transaction are:
Materials Purchased:
Materials Inventory 70,000
Accounts Payable 70,000
Materials Issued for Production:
Work in Process - Job 401 13,750
Work in Process - Job 402 17,500
Work in Process - Job 403 23,750
Manufacturing Overhead 7,500
Materials Inventory 7,500
Materials Inventory (Indirect) 7,500
Materials Returned to Warehouse:
Materials Inventory 1,25
Manufacturing Overhead 750
Work in Process - Job 403 500
Materials Returned to Vendors:
Accounts Payable 2,500
Materials Inventory 2,500
Payroll:
Salaries and Wages Expense 82,000
Withholding Taxes Payable 7,562.50
SSS Premiums Payable 4,000
Medicare Payable 937.50
Pag-ibig Fund Payable 3,000
Cash 66,500
Payroll Distribution:
Work in Process - Job 401 26,000
Work in Process - Job 402 31,250
Work in Process - Job 403 26,250
Manufacturing Overhead 8,500
Employer Payroll:
SSS Premiums Payable 5,000
Medicare Payable 937.50
Pag-ibig Fund Payable 3,000
Salaries and Wages Expense 9,937.50
Factory Overhead:
Manufacturing Overhead 37,500
Accumulated Depreciation 7,500
Prepaid Insurance 2,375
Accounts Payable 27,625
Factory Overhead Applied:
Work in Process - Job 401 10,400
Work in Process - Job 402 12,500
Work in Process - Job 403 10,500
Manufacturing Overhead 8,500
Completion of Jobs:
Finished Goods Inventory - Job 401 32,400
Work in Process - Job 401 32,400
Finished Goods Inventory - Job 402 39,375
Work in Process - Job 402 39,375
Sale of Job 401:
Accounts Receivable 45,360
Sales 63,504
Cost of Goods Sold 36,864
Finished Goods Inventory - Job 401 32,400
Cash Collections:
Cash 87,500
Accounts Receivable 87,500
Job order cost sheets: Job 401
Direct Materials:
Materials Issued 13,750
Materials Returned (500)
Direct Materials Used 13,250
Direct Labor:
Salaries and Wages Expense 26,000
Employer Payroll 2,125
Direct Labor Costs 28,125
Manufacturing Overhead:
Factory Overhead Applied 10,400
Total Manufacturing Costs 51,775
Job 402
Direct Materials
What are journal entries?A business transaction is recorded in your books as a journal entry. For every transaction, double-entry bookkeeping requires at least two journal entries. A bookkeeper keeps track of all the changes that a transaction can bring about in a business with journal entries.
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What pricing strategies does your Amazon utilize (including
introductory strategies, pricing approaches, and/or pricing
adjustments)?
Amazon uses various pricing strategies including dynamic pricing, promotional pricing, subscription pricing, bundling, loss leader pricing, and price matching to attract and retain customers by providing competitive prices, convenience, and a wide selection of products.
Amazon is known for using various pricing strategies to attract and retain customers. Here are some common approaches:
Dynamic Pricing: Amazon uses algorithms to adjust prices in real-time based on factors such as demand, competition, and inventory levels.Promotional Pricing: Amazon often uses promotional pricing to attract customers during peak shopping periods or for specific product categories. This can include discounts, coupon codes, or free shipping.Subscription Pricing: Amazon offers subscription-based pricing for services like Amazon Prime, which provides customers with free shipping, access to streaming services, and other benefits for a monthly or annual fee.Bundling: Amazon uses bundling to sell related products together at a discounted price. This can encourage customers to purchase additional items and increase their overall order value.Loss Leader Pricing: Amazon may use a loss leader pricing strategy by offering products at a very low price to attract customers and then making up the lost profit on related or additional products.Price Matching: Amazon may match or beat the prices of its competitors to remain competitive in the market.Overall, Amazon's pricing strategy is based on providing customers with competitive prices, convenience, and a wide selection of products.
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what theory states that the global market may only be able to support a limited number of firms in industries when the output required to attain economies of scale represents a significant amount of total world demand?
The theory about the global market is The New Trade Theory. This is due to the increasing demand for a firm's output as they grow larger, while the global market may be limited in its ability to satisfy this demand. Thus, a firm's growth may be hindered by global market conditions.
The New Trade Theory has two main components. The first is economies of scale, which are the advantages that come with large-scale production. These economies arise due to the ability of firms to use specialized equipment, specialized labor, and specialized processes to lower their costs of production.
The second component of the New Trade Theory is product differentiation. This occurs when a firm produces a product that is different from those produced by other firms, which may increase the firm's market power and lead to higher profits. The theory suggests that a country's comparative advantage in a particular industry can be created by a combination of economies of scale and product differentiation. As a result, the global market may only be able to support a limited number of firms in industries when the output required to attain economies of scale represents a significant amount of total world demand.
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1. (a) Elucidate the statement–Beyond Shareholders towards
stakeholders. (25 marks)
The idea of "Beyond Shareholders towards stakeholders" is about promoting responsible and sustainable business practices that benefit all stakeholders, rather than just a select few (shareholders). This can lead to better long-term performance and help companies build strong relationships with their stakeholders.
The statement "Beyond Shareholders towards stakeholders" implies that the focus of a company should not be solely on maximizing shareholder value, but rather on creating value for all stakeholders involved. This includes employees, customers, suppliers, the community, and the environment. In other words, a company should take into account the interests of all its stakeholders in its decision-making processes, instead of only focusing on the interests of its shareholders. This approach to business is known as stakeholder theory.
Stakeholder theory is an ethical framework that suggests that companies have a responsibility to consider the interests of all stakeholders, rather than just the interests of shareholders. The theory is based on the idea that a company's long-term success is dependent on the support of all its stakeholders.
Stakeholder theory recognizes that the interests of stakeholders can sometimes conflict. For example, a company may have to choose between investing in environmentally friendly practices, which benefit the community and the environment, or maximizing profits for shareholders. In such cases, stakeholder theory suggests that companies should strive to find a balance between the interests of all stakeholders.
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Carlson Auto Dealers Inc. Sells a handmade automobile as its only product. Each automobile is identical; however, they can be distinguished by their unique ID number. At the beginning of 2021, Carlson had three cars in inventory, as follows: Car ID Cost 203 $ 60,000 207 60,000 210 63,000 During 2021, each of the three autos sold for $90,000. Additional purchases (listed in chronological order) and sales for the year were as follows: Car ID Cost Selling Price 211 $ 63,000 $ 90,000 212 63,000 93,000 213 64,500 not sold 214 66,000 96,000 215 69,000 100,500 216 70,500 not sold 217 72,000 105,000 218 72,300 106,500 219 75,000 not sold Required: 1. Calculate 2021 ending inventory and cost of goods sold assuming the company uses the specific identification inventory method
Carlson Auto Dealers sold three handmade cars for $90,000 each in 2021. Using the specific identification method, the company's cost of goods sold is $465,300 and ending inventory is $63,000.
Using the specific identification method, the cost of goods sold and ending inventory are calculated by assigning the actual cost of each unit sold and remaining in inventory.
For the units sold:
Car ID 203 and 207 were sold at a cost of $60,000 each
Car ID 211 and 212 were sold at a cost of $63,000 each
Car ID 214 was sold at a cost of $66,000
Car ID 215 was sold at a cost of $69,000
Car ID 217 was sold at a cost of $72,000
Car ID 218 was sold at a cost of $72,300
Total cost of goods sold = (2 * $60,000) + (2 * $63,000) + $66,000 + $69,000 + $72,000 + $72,300
= $465,300
For the units remaining in inventory:
Car ID 210, which cost $63,000, is still in inventory
Ending inventory = $63,000
Therefore, the ending inventory is $63,000 and the cost of goods sold is $465,300.
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Kaylee, single and age 42, has the following items of income and expense for the current tax year (2021).
Wages: $60,000
Interest: $1,000
Inheritance: $50,000
Alimony paid: $10,000 (2016 divorce decree)
Child support paid: $8,000
Federal taxes paid: $5,000
State taxes paid: $2,000
Medical expenses: $7,500
What is her taxable income?
a. $36,500.
b. $38,450.
c. $48,450.
d. $51,000.
Kaylee, single and age 42, has the following items of income and expense for the current tax year (2021) are given as follows:- Wages: $60,000, Interest: $1,000, Inheritance: $50,000, Alimony paid: $10,000 (2016 divorce decree), Child support paid: $8,000, Federal taxes paid: $5,000, State taxes paid: $2,000, Medical expenses: $7,500.
The taxable income of Kaylee is calculated as follows:- Total income = Wages + Interest + Inheritance= $60,000 + $1,000 + $50,000= $111,000. Total expense = Alimony paid + Child support paid + Federal taxes paid + State taxes paid + Medical expenses= $10,000 + $8,000 + $5,000 + $2,000 + $7,500= $32,500.
Her taxable income = Total income - Total expense= $111,000 - $32,500= $78,500Therefore, the taxable income of Kaylee is $78,500.Option (D) $51,000 is not the correct answer.
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Sunk costs are costs that ____.A. Will not contribute to profits in the long run even if a project is accepted.B. Relate to other projects of the firmC. Cannot be measured.D. Have already occurred and are not affected by accepting or rejecting a project.
Sunk costs are costs that have already occurred and are not affected by accepting or rejecting a project. Correct option is option D.
This means that once the money has been spent, it cannot be recovered, regardless of whether or not the project is approved. Therefore, sunk costs should not be taken into account when making decisions regarding the acceptance or rejection of a project.
Sunk costs are costs that have already occurred and cannot be recovered or refunded. As a result, they should not be considered when making decisions on whether to continue with or abandon a project. Sunk costs should be ignored since they are beyond the company's reach and do not have an impact on the future.
The characteristics of sunk costs are as follows: Sunk costs are a type of cost that has already occurred and cannot be retrieved or refunded. As a result, it is a historical cost that cannot be altered. Sunk costs are distinct from opportunity costs, which refer to the expenses that will be incurred if a certain alternative is chosen.
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Problem 7-5
Nonconstant Growth Valuation
A company currently pays a dividend of $2.5 per share (D0 = $2.5). It is estimated that the company's dividend will grow at a rate of 15% per year for the next 2 years, then at a constant rate of 8% thereafter. The company's stock has a beta of 1.7, the risk-free rate is 4.5%, and the market risk premium is 5%. What is your estimate of the stock's current price? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
$
the estimated stock price today is $89.82.
How to calculate?
First, we need to calculate the expected dividends for the next two years:
D1 = D0 x (1 + g1) = $2.5 x (1 + 0.15) = $2.875
D2 = D1 x (1 + g2) = $2.875 x (1 + 0.15) = $3.30625
After year 2, dividends will grow at a constant rate of 8%, so we can use the constant growth model to calculate the stock price:
P2 = D2 x (1 + g) / (r - g) = $3.30625 x (1 + 0.08) / (0.045 - 0.08) = $95.05682
Now we can use the dividend discount model to calculate the present value of the expected dividends and the stock price today:
PV = (D1 / (1 + r)²1) + (D2 / (1 + r)²2) + (P2 / (1 + r)²2)
= ($2.875 / 1.045) + ($3.30625 / 1.045^2) + ($95.05682 / 1.045²2)
= $2.7361 + $2.9449 + $84.1392
= $89.8202
Therefore, the estimated stock price today is $89.82.
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Identify and discuss any professional conduct issues in the following independent scenarios.
Jason Crane became a CPA in 2023. He is now glad to be finished his education as he does not plan to take any further accounting courses.
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Samantha Karadzic received a letter from Malik and Rudolph, another accounting firm, asking if there is any reason they should not accept the audit engagement of her biggest client, Franks Plumbing Inc. Samantha was so upset about losing the client, she threw the letter away and decided not to reply. She ignored all requests for the client’s records.
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Sophie Kramer received a letter from Malik and Rudolph, another accounting firm, asking if there is any reason they should not accept one of her clients, Vanderkrujk Farm Ltd. Because she had disputes with management of Vanderkrujk, she was glad to see them go. She called Malik and Rudolph right away and told them about all of the issues she had.
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William Aruna decided to start his own CPA firm as a sole practitioner. In order to attract new clients, he wants potential clients to believe he has a large established firm with many partners. Therefore, he has called his firm Aruna and Partners. His advertising materials indicate the firm has the largest number of audit partners in the region.
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Alan Reed discovered his long-time client, the Daily Diner, was in financial distress. He decided to lend the Diner $20,000 and he had the owner sign a note payable. He informed Canada Bank, the primary user of the financial statements, of this loan after the audit report was issued.
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The identification and the discussion about the issues are:
Jason Crane: Professional conduct issues include not planning to take any further accounting courses which could limit his professional development, as well as any potential professional liability issues related to not keeping up-to-date with current accounting trends.
Samantha Karadzic: Professional conduct issues include not replying to Malik and Rudolph's request, not providing the client's records, and not informing the client of the request from the other firm.
Sophie Kramer: Professional conduct issues include providing biased information to Malik and Rudolph due to her personal disputes with Vanderkrujk, and not providing an objective assessment of the client.
William Aruna: Professional conduct issues include false advertising regarding the size of his firm and the number of audit partners, as well as potential professional liability issues related to any services that could be provided by a sole practitioner.
Alan Reed: Professional conduct issues include not informing Canada Bank of the loan to the client before the audit report was issued, and potential professional liability issues related to lending money to clients.
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During 2023, Blossom Company constructed various assets at a total cost of $4.10 million. The weighted-average accumulated expenditures on assets qualifying for capitalization of interest during 2023 were $2.80 million. The company had the following debts outstanding at December 31, 2023:
1. 8%, five-year note to finance construction of various assets, dated January 1, 2023, with interest payable annually on January 1 $1,780,000
2. 10%, ten-year bonds issued at par on December 31, 2018, with interest payable annually on December 31 $2,040,000
3. 7%, three-year note payable, dated January 1, 2022, with interest payable annually on January 1 $1,020,000
(a) Calculate the avoidable interest for 2023. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 1,525.)
Since the company had three debts outstanding, the avoidable interest for 2023 is $165,200.
To calculate the avoidable interest for 2023, we need to determine the amount of interest that could have been avoided if Blossom Company had not capitalized interest on assets during the year.
We can use the following formula to calculate avoidable interest:
Avoidable interest = Weighted-average accumulated expenditures x Interest rate
In this case, the weighted-average accumulated expenditures on assets qualifying for capitalization of interest during 2023 is $2.80 million.
To determine the interest rate, we need to calculate the weighted-average interest rate on the outstanding debts. We can do this by multiplying each debt's interest rate by its outstanding balance, summing these values, and dividing by the total outstanding debt.
For the 8%, five-year note, the outstanding balance is $1,780,000 and the interest rate is 8%, so the interest on this debt is $142,400.For the 10%, ten-year bonds, the outstanding balance is $2,040,000 and the interest rate is 10%, so the interest on this debt is $204,000.For the 7%, three-year note, the outstanding balance is $1,020,000 and the interest rate is 7%, so the interest on this debt is $71,400.The total outstanding debt is $1,780,000 + $2,040,000 + $1,020,000 = $4,840,000.
Therefore, the weighted-average interest rate is:
($142,400 + $204,000 + $71,400) / $4,840,000 = 0.0589 or 5.89%
Using the formula for avoidable interest, we get:
Avoidable interest = $2.80 million x 5.89% = $165,200
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the ceo of a tech company has decided to lay off employees in order to reduce wages by 40%, but the flow rate of new products will also decrease by 30%. what is the percentage change in the cost of direct labor in this case?
The percentage change in the cost of direct labor is -10%.
In this case, the percentage change in the cost of direct labor can be calculated as follows:
Percentage change in cost of direct labor = Percentage change in wages - Percentage change in flow rate of new products
Let us calculate the percentage change in wages first. The CEO has decided to reduce wages by 40%. Therefore,
Percentage change in wages = -40%
Note that we use a negative sign because the wages have decreased. Next, we need to calculate the percentage change in the flow rate of new products. The flow rate of new products will decrease by 30%. Therefore,
Percentage change in flow rate of new products = -30%
Note that we use a negative sign because the flow rate of new products has decreased. Finally, we can substitute these values to get the percentage change in the cost of direct labor:
Percentage change in cost of direct labor = Percentage change in wages - Percentage change in flow rate of new products
= (-40%) - (-30%)
= -40% + 30%
= -10%
Therefore, the percentage change in the cost of direct labor is -10%.
Note that this is a decrease in the cost of direct labor because the percentage change is negative.
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effective teams a. move toward the solution in a cyclical manner, but accomplish the process in a linear manner. b. are well prepared and organized c. always move smoothly from step to step of the problem solving sequence. d. all of the above.
Effective teams move toward the solution in a cyclical manner, but accomplish the process in a linear manner, are well prepared and organized, and always move smoothly from step to step of the problem solving sequence. The correct answer is (d)
When problem solving, teams will typically go through a cycle of identifying and analyzing the problem, forming hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and evaluating results. This cycle is cyclical in nature as teams may have to loop back to an earlier step when the test results do not lead to an acceptable solution. At the same time, this problem solving cycle should be linear in nature. Teams should take one step at a time and progress in a logical, systematic manner.
To ensure that problem solving is effective, teams should also be well prepared and organized. This includes having a clear plan of action to follow, assigning roles and responsibilities, and creating an environment of cooperation and collaboration. Finally, teams should always move smoothly from step to step of the problem solving sequence. This means avoiding distractions and staying on task, utilizing available resources, and regularly checking in on progress.
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suppose the canadian central bank wants to keep the exchange rate of the canadian dollar with the u.s. dollar constant over time. an increase in the demand for canadian goods by american residents will lead the canadian central bank to .
Suppose the Canadian central bank wants to keep the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar with the U.S. dollar constant over time. An increase in the demand for Canadian goods by American residents will lead the Canadian central bank to increase the money supply.
The exchange rate is the measure of the currency's worth in terms of another currency. It indicates the value of one currency in comparison to another currency. This measure is based on the demand and supply of the currency in the global market. The exchange rate is constantly fluctuating because it is determined by a variety of factors, including the state of the economy of the country, inflation rates, and interest rates.
When there is an increase in the demand for Canadian goods by American residents, the Canadian central bank will be prompted to take action. In order to keep the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar with the U.S. dollar constant over time, the Canadian central bank will have to increase the money supply. This will help to ensure that the value of the Canadian dollar does not increase in relation to the U.S. dollar.The Canadian central bank will use various methods to increase the money supply. It may lower interest rates or purchase government securities. These actions will result in an increase in the amount of money in circulation in the economy.
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