Jacobs Ltd paid £480,000 on 1st April 2018 to acquire a reputed brand name and decided to amortise the cost using the sum of the years’ digits method estimating five-year useful life. How much would it write off as amortisation of a brand name in the year ended 31st December 2021?
a. £72,000
b. £120,000
c. £64,000
d. £128,000

If the reserve ratio is equal to 5%, the $8,000 of cash deposited into the banking system can increase the amount of money in the economy by $152,000.

To determine how much the $8,000 can increase the amount of money in the economy when the reserve ratio is 5%, you need to follow these steps:

1. Calculate the excess reserves:

Since the residents deposit the entire $8,000 of cash into the banking system, and the reserve ratio is 5%, the banks must keep 5% of the deposits as reserves. So, 5% of $8,000 is $400. This means that the banks have $7,600 ($8,000 - $400) in excess reserves to lend out.

2. Calculate the money multiplier:

The money multiplier is the reciprocal of the reserve ratio. In this case, the reserve ratio is 5%, which is equal to 0.05. Therefore, the money multiplier is 1 / 0.05 = 20.

3. Calculate the increase in the money supply:

To find the increase in the money supply, you multiply the excess reserves by the money multiplier. In this case, $7,600 (excess reserves) * 20 (money multiplier) = $152,000.

So, with a 5% reserve ratio, the $8,000 of cash deposited into the banking system can increase the amount of money in the economy by $152,000.

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(a) Compute pension expense for 2019

(1) Service cost: 85,000

(2) Interest cost: (625,000 x 10%) = 62,500

(3) Actual return – Plan Assets +/- Unexpected G/L = Expected return: (550,000 - 44,000) +/- (92,500 - 44,000) = 488,500

(4) PSC amortization: (228,000 x 10%) = 22,800

(5) G/L amortization: (92,500 x 10%) = 9,250

(6) Total pension expense: 85,000 + 62,500 + 488,500 + 22,800 + 9,250 = 668,050

(b) The journal entry for pension expense for 2019

Account Dr. Pension Expense 668,050

Account Dr. PSC-OCI 22,800

Account Dr. G/L-OCI 9,250

Account Cr. Pension Asset 550,000

Account Cr. Cash 120,000

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You decide to split your money between two mutual funds. Your main goal is, of course, to earn as much money on your investments as possible, but you also know that there is risk involved in trading of stocks.  You should consider diversifying your investments by splitting your money between two mutual funds.

This is a smart decision as it allows you to spread the risk associated with trading across multiple investments, while potentially increasing your returns.

Diversification of investments is necessary for reducing risk. A diverse portfolio of investments lowers the level of risk because it is less likely that all of your investments will decline in value at the same time.

To diversify your investments, it is important to choose mutual funds with different investment styles and risk profiles. Doing this can help reduce your risk while still allowing you to potentially earn more than if you were to invest in just one fund.

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Answer:

Securities firms, insurance companies, and investment companies are all examples of financial institutions. Financial institutions are organizations that provide financial services and products to individuals, businesses, and governments. They help to channel funds from savers to borrowers and provide a range of services such as investing, lending, and insurance.

The strategic management of the HRM function refers to the application of HR strategies and techniques to obtain organizational aims and objectives.

Strategic management of the HRM function refers to the process of utilizing HR strategies and techniques to achieve organizational objectives. Here are some key elements of strategic HRM:

To successfully implement strategic HRM, organizations must have an HR department that is capable of working collaboratively with other departments, identifying and addressing key HR issues, and continuously monitoring and improving HR policies and practices. Additionally, organizations should strive to create a culture that values and supports its employees, recognizing that they are the key to the organization's success.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Discuss the strategic management of the HRM function.

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In determining MARR, opportunity cost is the rate of return of the best rejected project and the cost of the best opportunity forgone.

MARR stands for Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return. It is the minimum rate of return that a company or investor requires from an investment to justify its risk. MARR is an important factor in investment analysis, as it is used to compare the profitability of various investment opportunities.

A company may have several investment opportunities to choose from, but the MARR will help determine which ones are profitable and which ones are not. If an investment opportunity does not meet the MARR, it will be rejected.

Opportunity cost is the cost of the next best alternative forgone. When making an investment decision, the opportunity cost of the rejected investment opportunity must be considered. The cost of the best opportunity forgone is an opportunity cost.

Therefore, in determining MARR, opportunity cost is the rate of return of the best rejected project and the cost of the best opportunity forgone.In conclusion, the opportunity cost is the most significant factor that should be taken into account while determining MARR.

The rate of return of the best rejected project and the cost of the best opportunity forgone are two of the factors that should be considered when determining the MARR.

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Tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or injury to others. This can be done intentionally or unintentionally by a person, business, or organization.

In this scenario, Paul, who was cycling home without a warning vest at the day time and Johnny, who was driving the same way but was distracted as he was changing the CD, and when Johnny looked up, he couldn’t avoid Paul`s cycle and knocked him off from his bike, causing him to fall heavily, cutting open his head and injuring his collar bone.

As per the law of negligence, Johnny is liable for the accident caused due to his negligence. He was driving and changing the CD simultaneously, which is also against traffic laws, and hence he is responsible for the injuries that Paul sustained in the accident.

Defenses that can be used by Johnny are contributory negligence and assumption of risk. In contributory negligence, the victim can be held responsible if he has been negligent in any way that led to the injury. In this case, it can be argued that Paul was not wearing a warning vest, which made him difficult to spot, and hence he was partially responsible for the accident.

In assumption of risk, the victim knew about the risks involved in a particular activity and still continued to do it. In this case, it can be argued that Paul knew that cycling without a warning vest is risky, and he still continued to do so.

Act of God can be used as a defense if there was any natural disaster or unforeseeable event that led to the accident. In this case, Act of God defense cannot be used, as the accident was caused due to the negligence of Johnny, and there was no natural disaster that led to the accident.

Remedies that can be availed by Paul include medical expenses, lost wages, and compensation for pain and suffering. The court may also award punitive damages to discourage Johnny from committing such acts of negligence in the future.

The conclusion is that Johnny is liable for the injuries sustained by Paul in the accident, and Paul has the right to seek compensation for the same.

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The size of the deadweight loss created by an excise tax depends on the elasticity of demand and supply for the good in question. If demand or supply is inelastic, then the deadweight loss will be smaller. If demand or supply is elastic, then the deadweight loss will be larger.

Goods with inelastic demand or supply:
- Medicines
- Gasoline
- Cigarettes
- Alcohol

Goods with elastic demand or supply:
- Luxury goods
- Clothes
- Restaurant meals
- Entertainment

Therefore, if the government wants to minimize the deadweight loss associated with an excise tax, it should impose a tax on goods with inelastic demand or supply, such as medicines, gasoline, cigarettes, and alcohol. On the other hand, it should avoid imposing a tax on goods with elastic demand or supply, such as luxury goods, clothes, restaurant meals, and entertainment.

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The expected return for a portfolio with 90% T-bills and 10% portfolio P is 2.80%. The correct option is b. 2.80%.

When the investor is interested in combining the risk-free T-bills with the risk of investing in the portfolio P to achieve some degree of risk/reward trade-off, this combination leads to a CAL (Capital Allocation Line). CAL line has the following formula: E(Rp) = Rf + σp[E(Rm) − Rf]CAL can also be described as an investor's expected rate of return.

It is a rate of return on a portfolio that the investor obtains for taking on higher risk. The risk is usually determined by the standard deviation (σ) of the portfolio, which is compared to that of the overall market. In the given scenario, we can find the expected return using the above formula: E(Rp) = 2% + 0.1 [10% − 2%]E(Rp) = 2% + 0.1 × 8%E(Rp) = 2.8%

Hence, the expected return for a portfolio with 90% T-bills and 10% portfolio P is 2.8%.

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Yes, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, employers must offer pregnant employees the same job protection and other benefits that would be extended to other temporarily disabled employees. Specifically, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) provisions of Title VII require employers to offer pregnant employees the same benefits as those who are similarly situated in their temporary disability, such as paid leave, modified work schedules, and health insurance coverage.

The Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) provisions of Title VII protect women from being discriminated against in employment on the grounds of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical circumstances. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) provisions of Title VII affect employment benefits by requiring employers to provide pregnant employees with the same benefits as other employees who are unable to work due to injury or illness. The PDA prohibits employers from discriminating against employees based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions. Additionally, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, employers must offer pregnant employees the same job protection and other benefits that would be extended to other temporarily disabled employees.

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Don spends his money on food and operas. the icc depicted below shows how dons consumption of food and operas change as his income increases. Given the shape of the ICC, Don must view food as a normal good.

The ICC (indifference curve map) depicts the consumer's choice with two goods, say x and y. It is a series of indifference curves showing various quantities of the two products that the consumer is willing to consume, and every curve corresponds to a specific amount of total utility.

When the consumer's income changes, the indifference curve map changes as well. Therefore, if the slope of the ICC is downward, a good is referred to as a regular good.

A good whose slope is upward, on the other hand, is referred to as an inferior good. As seen in the graph, the slope is downward, which means that as Don's income increases, the amount of food and opera he can buy also increases. So, given the shape of the ICC below, Don must view food as a normal good.

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Digitization has had a transformative effect on the relationships between manufacturers and distributors.

This is due to the fact that digitization enables greater levels of communication and transparency between the two parties. As a result, manufacturers and distributors are able to better understand each other's needs and capabilities, and create a stronger partnership. In terms of measurement processes, sales and profitability will be two key areas of focus. Manufacturers can monitor sales performance of their products and adjust their strategies accordingly, while distributors can use profitability metrics to optimize the level of service they provide. Additionally, external sources such as customer feedback, market research, and competitive analysis can help both parties understand the effectiveness of their strategies.

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Josie had to pay AMT last year. To obtain AMT credit that can be used to offset future regular tax liability, you should consider the situation where Alternative minimum taxable income (AMTI) is lowered due to prior-year minimum tax credit.

At times, taxpayers can receive an AMT credit, which is a tax credit. When taxpayers pay AMT for the first time, they will get this credit. The credit is equivalent to the prior year's minimum tax paid. Any unused AMT credits can be carried forward and used to offset future regular tax liability. AMT credit can be a valuable tool for lowering tax liability, particularly if the taxpayer has several years of unused AMT credits.

The Alternative minimum tax (AMT) is a supplementary income tax levied by the United States federal government on certain types of income that are eligible for preferential tax treatment, such as capital gains, accelerated depreciation, and tax-free municipal bond interest.

The AMT is calculated separately from the regular tax, and the taxpayer must pay whichever tax amount is higher. The AMT was introduced in 1969 to ensure that high-income earners paid a minimum level of tax, regardless of their deductions and credits.

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The yearly dividend per share to be paid would depend on the policy that the company decides to implement - either $0.97 per share for policy (a) or $1.09 per share for policy (b).

For policy (a), to determine the yearly dividend per share to be paid, we need to calculate the average earnings over the 5-year period and take 50% of it as the targeted dividend per share. Let's assume the average earnings over the 5-year period is $15,000,000. Then, the targeted dividend per share would be:

Dividend per share = 50% x Average earnings / Number of shares Dividend per share = (0.5 * $15,000,000) / 7,700,000 Dividend per share = $0.97

For policy (b), we need to determine the year-end extra dividend when the profits in any year exceed $21,000,000. Let's assume that the profits for the current year are $24,000,000. Then, the year-end extra dividend per share would be:

Year-end extra dividend per share = (Profit - Threshold) / Number of shares Year-end extra dividend per share = ($24,000,000 - $21,000,000) / 7,700,000 Year-end extra dividend per share = $0.39

The regular dividend per share is given as $0.70. Therefore, the total dividend per share for policy (b) would be:

Total dividend per share = Regular dividend per share + Year-end extra dividend per share Total dividend per share = $0.70 + $0.39 Total dividend per share = $1.09

So, the yearly dividend per share to be paid would depend on the policy that the company decides to implement - either $0.97 per share for policy (a) or $1.09 per share for policy (b).

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Answer:

2. There are four stages of the business cycle- prosperity, recession, depression, and recovery. Prosperity is a peak of economic activity. During a recession, economic activity slows down. A depression is a deep recession that affects the entire economy and lasts for several years.

3. The GDP shows the rate of the economy how much people and the government are spending, unemployment rate shows how many people that are out work but are looking for work, rate of inflation shows how much prices of products and services are going up, national debt shows how much money a country has borrowed from other countries or other places.

4. Governments influence the economy by changing the level and types of taxes, the extent and composition of spending, and the degree and form of borrowing. Governments directly and indirectly influence the way resources are used in the economy.

5.The economic cycle generally comprises four phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and recovery. The duration of economic cycles varies, making the phases difficult to time. Some sectors tend to outperform others during different phases of the cycle.

6.Only goods and services produced domestically are included within the GDP. That means that goods produced by Americans outside the U.S. will not be counted as part of the GDP.

7. GDP does not count productive services, such as child care, food preparation, cleaning, and laundry, provided within the household.

8. The unemployment rate measures the share of workers in the labor force who do not currently have a job but are actively looking for work. People who have not looked for work in the past four weeks are not included in this measure.

10. Deflation is associated with an increase in interest rates, which will cause an increase in the real value of debt. As a result, consumers are likely to defer their spending.

11. It must be noted that inflation refers to a general rise in the prices of all good and services in an economy during a period. Hence, it is evident that the above mentioned case is not an example of inflation as inflation affects the entire economy and increased prices of almost all products.Whereas the case only includes an increased price of one product, and not any other product. It may have happened due to other factors such as increased demand for cola, or enhanced quality by the manufacturer, or any other miscellaneous reason, but not inflation.

12. Depression may be defined as a state of intense recession that adversely affects the whole economy, its effect lasting across several countries over a long period of time. The stage of depression is often characterised by a low production of goods and services, and resultantly a high level of unemployment. Thus, depression is the stage when the personal bankruptcies happen.The stage that follows depression is the Recovery. Recovery may be defined as a stage where the business activity starts to increase and is thus characterised by a gradual revival and increase in the production of goods and services. Those affected by depression earlier begin their economic activities and gradually their propensity to spend increases. This further stimulates demand and and production. Thus, recovery is the stage of business formations.

13. This is due to many factors, such as the country's high gross domestic product per capita, low levels of poverty, and high levels of access to education and health care. The average life expectancy in the United States is also relatively high at 79 years.

Explanation:

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1. The effective interest rate which was paid on an investment, given that an invested amount of $43,255 resulted in $73,234 in 8 years is effective annual interest rate. (The correct answer is D).

The effective annual interest rate was paid on an investment, given that an invested amount of $43,255 resulted in $73,234 in 8 years. Formula to calculate the effective annual interest rate is:

Effective Annual Interest Rate = (1 + i/n) n - 1

Where, i is the stated annual interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year.

To calculate effective annual interest rate, first we need to calculate the annual interest rate using the formula:

P = C (1 + r / n) ^ (n * t)

where, P is the future value, C is the initial deposit, r is the interest rate, t is the number of years, and n is the number of times compounded per year.

So,

73,234 = 43,255 (1 + r / 1) ^ (1 * 8)73,234 / 43,255

= (1 + r) ^ 81.6917

= (1 + r) ^ 8

Taking the 8th root of both sides,

1.0693 = 1 + r0.0693

= rEffective Annual Interest Rate

= (1 + i/n) n - 1

= (1 + 0.0693/1) 1 - 1

= 6.93%

Therefore, the effective annual interest rate was paid on an investment, given that an invested amount of $43,255 resulted in $73,234 in 8 years is 6.93%. Hence, the correct option is d) effective annual interest rate.

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Answer:

  a) monthly: 0.550%

  b) quarterly: 1.659%

  c) semi-annual: 3.346%

  d) annual: 6.803%

Explanation:

You want the effective interest rate(s) for different compounding periods that would transform $43,255 to $73,234 in 8 years. The periods of interest are monthly, quarterly, semi-annual, and annual.

The formula for the value A resulting from principal P being invested for t periods at periodic rate r is ...

  A = P(1 +r)^t

Solving for r, we find ...

  A/P = (1 +r)^t

  (A/P)^(1/t) = 1 +r

  r = (A/P)^(1/t) -1

The number of periods in 8 years is ...

  monthly: 12·8 = 96

  quarterly: 4·8 = 32

  semi-annual: 2·8 = 16

  annual: 1·8 = 8

The attached calculator image shows the interest rate(s) for the period(s) of concern.

The effective periodic rates are ...

  a) monthly: 0.550%

  b) quarterly: 1.659%

  c) semi-annual: 3.346%

  d) annual: 6.803%

__

Additional comment

Corresponding annual rates are {6.600%, 6.636%, 6.691%, 6.803%}. That is, the periodic rate is the annual rate divided by the number of periods in a year.

Answer:

The Board of Directors is the primary governing body of Cleveland Clinic. The Board of Trustees serves in an advisory role to the Board of Directors. In addition, the Board of Governors, composed primarily of physicians, oversees the medical and surgical activity of Cleveland Clinic.

If you expect to earn return of 9.53%, you'll have $14,946.75 in five years.

To answer your question, if you invest $8934 today and $9316 one year from today, and expect to earn a return of 9.53%, then you will have $14,946.75 in five years. Here's the step-by-step explanation:

Step 1: Calculate the future value of the first investment after one year.  

FV = 8934 x (1+0.0953) = 9801.64

Step 2: Calculate the future value of the second investment after one year.

FV = 9316 x (1+0.0953) = 10240.48

Step 3: Calculate the future value of the combined investment after five years.

FV = (9801.64 + 10240.48) x (1+0.0953)^4 = 14,946.75

Therefore, if you invest $8934 today and $9316 one year from today, and expect to earn a return of 9.53%, then you will have $14,946.75 in five years.

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The balance of the loan after this payment is $2,130.00.

The amortization schedule for Philip's loan to Bel Air Construction is outlined below:

In the amortization schedule, the payment on January 1, 2024 is $9,666.67, which consists of a principal payment of $7,980.00 and an interest payment of $1,686.67. The balance of the loan after this payment is $21,019.99.

The payment on January 1, 2025 is $9,666.67, which consists of a principal payment of $8,959.99 and an interest payment of $706.68. The balance of the loan after this payment is $12,059.99.

Finally, the payment on January 1, 2026 is $9,666.67, which consists of a principal payment of $9,929.99 and an interest payment of $736.68. The balance of the loan after this payment is $2,130.00.

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The factors that are likely to be most important for this decision include the size of the two companies, their current operating structure, the nature of the acquisition, and the tax laws in the jurisdiction of the companies.

Additional information is required in order to provide the president with an informed response, such as the size of the two businesses

(such as their revenue, profits, and number of employees),

their current operating structure

(such as whether they are corporations or partnerships),

and the nature of the acquisition

(e.g. whether it is a purchase, merger, or stock exchange).

To ascertain the various filing alternatives and the benefits and drawbacks of each option, information on the applicable tax regulations in the jurisdiction of the firms will also be necessary.

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In countries where consumers have more income to spend after their physical needs are satisfied, advertising stimulates innovation and new products.

Advertising stimulate innovation and new products in countries where consumers have more income to spend after their physical needs are satisfied because as disposable incomes increase, individuals will have more resources to spend on non-essential items, such as branded goods, luxury services, and premium items. Because of the increased demand, producers will respond by developing new items and improving current goods to capture this market. These product advancements and innovations are promoted by advertising to encourage new customers to test and buy them.

Therefore, the answer is: it stimulates innovation and new products.

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The total cost of departmental work at the end of the period is $207,658.72.

To calculate the total cost of departmental work in process inventory at the end of the period, we need to calculate the equivalent units of production and the unit cost for the department.

First, we calculate the equivalent units of production for direct materials and conversion costs separately.

Equivalent units of production for direct materials = units completed + (units in ending inventory * percentage of completion) - units in beginning inventory

Equivalent units of production for direct materials = 11,000 + (3,000 * 20%) - (3,600 * 25%) = 9,400 units

Equivalent units of production for conversion costs = units completed + (units in ending inventory * percentage of completion)

Equivalent units of production for conversion costs = 11,000 + (3,000 * 20%) = 11,600 units

Next, we calculate the total cost incurred during the period and divide it by the equivalent units of production for each category to get the unit cost.

Total cost incurred during the period = direct materials + direct labor + factory overhead + work in process, beginning of period

Total cost incurred during the period = $83,200 + $63,000 + $25,000 + $40,000 = $211,200

Unit cost for direct materials = direct materials cost / equivalent units of production for direct materials

Unit cost for direct materials = $83,200 / 9,400 units = $8.8511

Unit cost for conversion costs = conversion costs / equivalent units of production for conversion costs

Unit cost for conversion costs = ($63,000 + $25,000 + $40,000) / 11,600 units = $9.6552

Finally, we can calculate the total cost of the departmental work in process inventory at the end of the period by multiplying the equivalent units of production by the unit cost for each category and adding them together.

Total cost of departmental work in process inventory = (9,400 units * $8.8511 per unit) + (11,600 units * $9.6552 per unit)

Total cost of departmental work in process inventory = $207,658.72

Therefore, the total cost of departmental work in process inventory at the end is $207,658.72.

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The correction option is d. The last step in the accounting cycle is preparing the financial statements.

The accounting cycle includes a series of activities that are performed to maintain a record of all transactions related to a business. It begins with the identification of the transactions and ends with the preparation of financial statements.

The following are the steps involved in the accounting cycle:

1. Recording transactions in a journal

2. Posting the journal entries to the ledger

3. Adjusting entries

4. Adjusted trial balance

5. Financial statements

6. Closing entries

7. Post-closing trial balance

The question is asking about the last step of the accounting cycle. So, we need to identify which of the options is the last step. The last step is to prepare the financial statements, which include the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. This is the final output of the accounting process and provides an overview of the financial health of the business.

Thus, the correct option is d. Preparing the financial statements.

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To take advantage of the power of compounding, reinvest the earnings generated by the investment. This will help in increasing the principal investment amount and, consequently, lead to increased profits.

Compounding is a phenomenon in which the interest generated by an investment is reinvested, resulting in an exponential increase in the value of the principal. It is the process of generating returns on reinvested earnings on an asset.

The act of taking the earnings from an investment and reinvesting them back into the same investment is referred to as reinvestment. In the case of compound interest, the income earned on investment is reinvested, generating additional income for future periods. For example, a $10,000 investment with an annual interest rate of 8% that is compounded annually would grow to $21,589.61 after ten years. If the interest is compounded quarterly, the investment would be worth $22,052.92 after ten years, which is a significant difference.

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Project II has a positive net present value (NPV) of $455,236 while Project I has a negative net present value (NPV) of $3,425,431. As a result, Project II should be accepted because it will generate more value for the company and has a higher net present value.

Negative Net Present Value is referred to as negative NPV. This indicates that a project or investment's cash outflows have a lower expected present value than the project's cash inflows. To put it another way, it is anticipated that the investment will result in a net loss, also known as a negative return on investment. A project's unfeasibility or the availability of better investment options with positive NPV may be indicated by a negative NPV. As a result, a negative net present value (NPV) is typically regarded as unfavorable and may lead to the decision to reject the investment or project.

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The technique that might best help those reading Jim's report on the company's growth to quickly grasp this progress is the use of visual aids.

Visual aids are a great way to represent data and information so that it can be easily understood by the readers. It involves the use of images, graphs, charts, diagrams, and videos to present information in a more effective manner. In Jim's report, he can use graphs to represent the growth of the company in each of the new locations where they have opened their branches.

The graph could represent the number of customers, revenue generated, and profits from each branch in the various countries where they have opened branches. Jim could also use images to show the locations of each branch, so readers can quickly get a better idea of the countries where the branches were opened.

In conclusion, the best technique that might best help those reading Jim's report on the company's growth to quickly grasp this progress is the use of visual aids.

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Consumers maximize utility when they allocate their limited incomes so that the marginal utility per dollar spent on each of their final choices in a bundle is equal according to the Consumer equilibrium.

Consumer equilibrium refers to the point where a consumer's utility is maximized. In economics, a consumer's equilibrium is when they allocate their limited incomes so that the marginal utility per dollar spent on each of their final choices in a bundle is equal.

In other words, the consumer allocates his income so that the marginal utility of each good consumed is proportional to its price. The concept of consumer equilibrium is based on two primary rules: the rule of the budget line and the rule of the equal marginal utility. The budget line represents the range of product combinations that a consumer can afford.

On the other hand, the equal marginal utility rule suggests that the utility a consumer gets from the last dollar spent on each good should be equal.

The utility maximization theory proposes that the consumer's objective is to maximize their satisfaction or happiness, which economists refer to as utility. In other words, the consumer wants to consume as much as they can while spending the least amount of money possible.

This means that they would only purchase the goods that give them the most satisfaction for their money. So, consumers try to allocate their limited resources in a way that will maximize their satisfaction, which is referred to as utility.

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The correct answer to the given question of a model is option B) circular-flow diagram. The circular-flow diagram is used to understand how different parts of the economy interact with each other.

The circular-flow diagram is an economic model that represents the transactions within an economy between households and firms. It visualizes how money, goods, and services move through the economy. It is referred to as the "circular" flow since the money is continually circulating between households and the firms.

The main components of the circular-flow diagram are households, firms, markets for factors of production, and markets for goods and services. Households own factors of production, which they sell to firms in exchange for income. Firms then use these factors of production to produce goods and services, which they sell to households for income. The income earned by households is then used to buy the goods and services produced by the firms.

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The total assets is $1522000. The liabilities is $39000 and the earnings per share is $1.76.

To fill in the chart, we need to use the given financial data and calculate the missing values. Here are the calculations:

1. Total assets = Gross fixed assets - Accumulated depreciation + Land = $2,276,000 - $940,000 + $186,000 = $1,522,000

2. Total liabilities = Notes payable + Accruals = $18,000 + $21,000 = $39,000

3. Total equity = Retained earnings + (Number of shares outstanding x Par value per share) = $328,000 + (72,000 x $0.50) = $364,000

4. Total sales = Sales on credit + Cash sales = ($960,000 x 90%) + ($960,000 x 10%) = $864,000 + $96,000 = $960,000

5. Cost of goods sold = Sales - Gross profit = $960,000 - ($960,000 x 20%) = $960,000 - $192,000 = $768,000

6. Net income = Sales - Cost of goods sold - Dividends = $960,000 - $768,000 - $65,000 = $127,000

Now, we can fill in the chart:

| Financial Data | Amount |
| --- | --- |
| Total assets | $1,522,000 |
| Total liabilities | $39,000 |
| Total equity | $364,000 |
| Total sales | $960,000 |
| Cost of goods sold | $768,000 |
| Net income | $127,000 |

Questions 42-46:

42. What is the current ratio?
Current ratio = Total assets / Total liabilities = $1,522,000 / $39,000 = 39.03

43. What is the quick ratio?
Quick ratio = (Total assets - Inventory) / Total liabilities = ($1,522,000 - $768,000) / $39,000 = 19.33

44. What is the debt-to-equity ratio?
Debt-to-equity ratio = Total liabilities / Total equity = $39,000 / $364,000 = 0.11

45. What is the return on equity?
Return on equity = Net income / Total equity = $127,000 / $364,000 = 0.35

46. What is the earnings per share?
Earnings per share = Net income / Number of shares outstanding = $127,000 / 72,000 = $1.76

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1. The number of deliveries per day that are optimal for the oyster bar to minimize total costs is 25. 2. Reorder point (inventory level) is 180 and effect of variability on reorder point is that it should be higher.

1. In the given problem, the following things are given: Average consumption of oysters per day: 1000, Purchase cost: $2, Cost of keeping oysters in storage for a day: 45% of $2, Delivery cost per order: $50. Let the optimal number of deliveries per day be d. We know that,

Total cost = Purchase cost + Cost of keeping in storage + Delivery cost / Number of deliveries per day

Therefore,

Total cost = (1000/d)*2 + (0.45*2*1000) + 50d

To minimize total costs, let's differentiate the above expression with respect to d.

(d/1000)*2 - 50 = 0

(d/1000)*2 = 50

d = 25

Therefore, the optimal number of deliveries per day is 25.

2. Let the reorder point be r. As given in the problem, Consumption rate = 100 oysters per hour, Safety stock = 30 oysters, Lead time (order to delivery) = 1.5 hours.

Therefore, the usage during lead time would be 100*1.5 = 150 oysters

We need to consider the safety stock while calculating the reorder point. Therefore,

Reorder point = Usage during lead time + Safety stock

Reorder point = 150 + 30

Reorder point = 180

If the demand becomes more variable over time (but unchanged on average), then the reorder point should be higher.

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