Instructions:
The diagrams below are similar to the examples above. If the block has units with letters on
them, put the letters in order from oldest to youngest, like we did with the two examples above.
Add words for erosion events, folding events, intrusions, faults, tilting, etc. If the fault (or
whatever) is labelled with a letter, you will want to refer to it as "Fault A" (or whatever it is
called). If there are several faults and they are not labelled, you can say "the fault on the left" or
the "fault on the right".
If the block IS NOT LABELLED AT ALL (blocks 7 and 8), you are to describe the units. You
also will need to look at the lilthologic unit symbols on the blocks and use the words for the rock
type in place of the description of the symbol. For example, instead of dots, you would say
"sandstone". Instead of the dashes, you would say "shale". And instead of the bricks, you would
say "limestone". V's are volcanic rock, X's are plutonic rocks, etc. Just put your words in order
from oldest to youngest, like you did with the other diagrams.
Solve the relative dating problems in the ten blocks below. Write the answers beside the
blocks, with the oldest units at the bottom and the youngest units on top. Include all
events (folding, faulting, etc.) in their proper sequence.
Answers
Nicholas Steno established the following 4 principles for stratigraphy. Stratigraphy teaches us to solve geological puzzles even with insufficient information.
The following principles serve as the foundation for stratigraphic studies: order of superposition, original horizontality, lateral continuity, cross-cutting relationships, inclusions, unconformities, fossil succession, uniformitarianism, and catastrophism.The stratigraphic patterns that rock layers are deposited are described by Steno's laws. They are the laws of superposition, original horizontality, cross-cutting relationships, and lateral continuity. Geologists use the law of superposition as one of their guiding principles when figuring out the relative ages of rock strata, or layers. According to this theory, rock layers are laid down one on top of the other or superimposed. On will be the oldest rock strata.To know more about stratigraphy here
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Related Questions
which of the following best describes a benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms?
Answers
Answer:
One benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms is that offshore wind tends to be more consistent and stronger. The wind is stronger and more consistent over the ocean than it is over land, so offshore wind farms can typically generate more electricity than onshore wind farms. This is because wind speeds are generally higher and more consistent over the ocean than they are over land, so offshore wind turbines can operate at higher capacity factors, which results in more energy generation per turbine.
Match the level of damage described to the Enhanced Fuijita scale classification of the tornado that caused it.
1. EF4
2. EF0
3. EF3
4. EF1
___ overturned single wides (trailers) and uprooted trees
___ houses mostly destroyed
___ siding and shingle damage
___ devastating damage and large sections of school buildings destroyed
Answers
1. Devastating damage and significant building destruction in schools - EF4. 2. Damage to the siding and shingles: EF1. 3. Trees uprooted and overturned single wides (trailers) - EF3. 4. Most of the homes were destroyed - EF2.
The Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-scale) is a method for categorizing tornado strength based on the amount of damage they produce. The scale goes from EF0 to EF5, with EF0 being the weakest and EF5 being the strongest.
The least powerful tornadoes, or EF0s, have winds of 65 to 85 mph and only moderate damage to buildings, such as shingle and siding damage. With wind speeds ranging from 86 to 110 mph, EF1 tornadoes can cause only moderate harm to trees and buildings, including uprooted trees and overturned single wides (trailers). Wind speeds from EF2 tornadoes range from 111 to 135 mph, and they can seriously harm homes, mostly destroying the walls and roofs. Wind speeds from EF3 tornadoes range from 136 to 165 mph and can destroy large portions of school buildings in addition to causing severe damage to homes and buildings. With wind speeds ranging from 166 to 200 mph, an EF4 tornado can destroy everything in its path, leaving only foundations or rubble. Winds from EF5 tornadoes can completely demolish sturdy homes and buildings, resulting in catastrophic damage, and can reach speeds of more than 200 mph.To learn more about Enhanced Fujita scale classification at
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Suppose you were the first person to have found the glacial grooved in south eastern South aAmerica. From where did it seem to have come from according to the black arrows?
Answers
As the first person to found the glacial grooved in South America. The most likely place the glaciers grooves come from is from uphill as they gets compressed into ice over many centuries.
What causes these glacial grooves?Glaciers are massive ice masses that form high in the mountains and flow downhill. Their massive size presses down on loose rocks, scouring deep grooves in the bedrock, as seen here. Photographed in Patagonia, Argentina, at the Puerto Moreno Glacier.
Some of the trapped material was dragged along the surface of the rocks beneath the ice as the glacier moved. The rock fragments acted like sandpaper, abrading the rock as it was pushed and pulled by the glacier. The grooves were formed by abrasion of softer rock beneath the glacier.
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the planets tilt affects the amount of erosion earth receives from the sun
Answers
Atmospheric circulation is driven by the difference in solar energy received at different latitudes. Heat is more prevalent in areas that receive more solar energy. Because of the Earth's tilt, different areas receive varying amounts of solar energy.
What do you mean by Erosion?The geological process by which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water is known as erosion.
At the December solstice, the Earth's axis is tilted away from the Sun, and at the June solstice, it is tilted toward the Sun, spreading more and less light on each hemisphere. The tilt is at a right angle to the Sun at the equinoxes, and the light is evenly distributed.
Therefore, Because of the Earth's tilt, different areas receive varying amounts of solar energy.
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Question 2 of 41
Convection in the mantle causes
material to rise.
OA. lighter; heavier
OB. heavier; lighter
OC. hotter; cooler
OD. cooler; hotter
material to sink and
SUBMIT
Answers
Convection in the mantle causes hotter material to rise and cooler material to sink down.
Option C is correct.
Which heat causes convection in the mantle?For mantle convection, there are three primary sources of thermal energy: internal warming brought on by the radioactive decay of the uranium, thorium, and potassium isotopes; the earth's long-term secular cooling; as well as core heat.
What exactly is convection and how does it work?Convection occurs when parts of a liquid or gas heat or cool faster than their surroundings, resulting in temperature differences. The areas then move as a result of these temperature differences, with the hotter, denser areas rising and the cooler, denser areas sinking.
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Discuss some of the European nations that still have a monarchy. How do the monarchies of today differ from those that existed centuries ago? What has remained the same?
Answers
The majority of contemporary monarchies are constitutional: the constitution grants an elected legislature real power and the authority to carry out government functions.
What are monarchies?Monarchy, a kind of government in which one person has unbroken sovereignty or authority. The phrase refers to countries where the monarch, a unique ruler who serves as the head of state and is elected through hereditary means, holds supreme power.
In most monarchies, only males—typically from father to son—are eligible for succession. A monarchy is made up of different but interdependent institutions that support the social life of the dynasty's members, their friends, and the associated elite.
These institutions include the government and the state administration on the one hand, and the court and various ceremonies on the other.
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Based on the data in the table, which of the following is a possible impact of ethnic and religious diversity in Iraq?
answer choices
O Ethnicity and religion act as centripetal forces in the country by creating a common Iraqi identity among the population.
O Ethnicity and religion facilitate democratization in the country by motivating participation in elections.
O Ethnicity and religion promote economic development in the country by generating national pride in the country’s accomplishments.
O Ethnicity and religion lead to devolutionary pressures in the country by politically dividing regions.
O Ethnicity and religion increase cultural cohesion in the country by promoting shared political ideology.
Answers
Based on the data in the table, Ethnicity and religion lead to devolutionary pressures in the country by politically dividing regions is a possible impact of ethnic and religious diversity in Iraq.
ABOUT IRAQIraq is a country in the Middle East or Southwest Asia, covering most of the area of Mesopotamia as well as the northwestern tip of the Zagros Mountains and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert. This country is bordered by Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Iraq has a very narrow section of coastline at Umm Qashr in the Persian Gulf.
Iraq has a rich history. Now Iraq is a developing country in the midst of a civil war.
EtymologyThere are several opinions about the origin of the name Iraq; – one of them comes from the city of Uruk (or Erech) from the time of the Kingdom of Sumer. Another opinion says that Iraq[8] comes from Aramaic, which means "land along the banks of the river." Another opinion says that Iraq is a reference to the roots of the palm tree, because there are so many of them in that country.
Under the Persian Sassanid Dynasty, there was a region called "Erak Arabi" which refers to the southwestern part of the Persian Empire, which is now part of southern Iraq. Al-Iraq is the name used by the Arabs themselves for this area since the 6th century..
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14. which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clearcut?
Answers
The region's streams will have higher nitrate concentrations.
Although there are a number of potential causes, human activity, such as agricultural operations, is the most common.
Nitrates are widely used as fertilizers in agriculture and can leak into nearby water sources, increasing the concentration in streams.
The over-nutrient enrichment of aquatic systems, known as eutrophication, can be brought on by excessive nitrate consumption, which will result in an overabundance of algae and other aquatic plants.
In addition to rendering the water unfit for human consumption, this can harm or kill fish and other aquatic life.
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I need Help! This is urgent
Answers
Number 1 - Exosphere
Number 2 -Thermosphere
Number 3 - Mesosphere
Number 4 - Stratosphere
Number 5 - Troposphere
Number 6 - Hydrosphere
Number 7 - Crust
Number 8 - Mantle
Number 9 - Outer core
Number 10 - Inner Core
What should we know about structure of the earth?The earth's structure is divided into four major components: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Each layer has its own chemical composition and physical state, and it can have an impact on life on Earth's surface.
Plates shift as a result of movement in the mantle caused by variations in heat from the core, which can result in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These natural disasters then alter our landscape and, in some cases, endanger lives and property.
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the mississippi watershed is the largest in north america, draining all or part of thirty-two states in the united states and two canadian provinces. a new apartment complex is being built on a steep slope near the source of the mississippi river outside of minneapolis, minnesota. which of the following measures should be taken to best reduce erosion at the construction site to protect the mississippi watershed?
Answers
To best reduce erosion at the construction site near the source of the Mississippi River and protect the Mississippi watershed, the following measures should be taken:
Install a sediment barrier at the top of the slope to prevent soil from washing away.Plant vegetation on the slope to help stabilize the soil and prevent runoff.Create terraces to reduce the slope angle and slow the runoff.Install a stormwater management system to capture and filter any runoff before it reaches the river.Utilize infiltration basins to capture and store runoff for reuse or to slowly release it into the river.Learn more about erosion:
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As discussed in your textbook and course lessons, which of the following is NOT one of the goals of modern archaeology?
Answers
It is becoming increasingly important for archaeologists to consider and respect the cultural legacy of modern populations, particularly when working in places with a substantial indigenous population.
Although the preservation of current cultural identities is not traditionally one of the aims of modern archaeology.
The traditional goals of archaeology are to recover, interpret, and comprehend humanity's past via the analysis of artifacts, structures, and environmental relics.
Understanding the histories, cultures, and social systems of former societies, as well as recreating the surroundings in which they lived, are all part of this.
Archaeologists must engage with contemporary communities to appreciate and maintain their cultural legacy, even if this means preserving modern culture.
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Select all of the answers that apply. Which of the following are other natural disasters that earthquakes produce? thunderstorms tornadoes tsunamis landslides liquefaction
Answers
Answer: Tsunamis, Landslides, and Liquefaction
Explanation: Liquefaction is caused when water-logged things are shaken loose by and earthquake or shaking in general. Landslides are also caused by shaking in general because they are caused when rocks become loose and slide down a slope. Finally, Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions
like other locations in the western us, southwestern colorado receives seasonal rains and is susceptible to flows after fires such as the 416 fire in 2018.
Answers
Like other locations in the western US, southwestern colorado receives seasonal rains and is susceptible to debris flows after fires such as the 416 fire in 2018.
ABOUT SOUTHWESTERN COLORADOSouthwestern Colorado, commonly called Mesa Verde Country, is a region of the state of Colorado in the United States of America that is known for beautiful landscapes, rich history, cultural heritage, and an abundance of outdoor activities. It is also home to the West Elks American Viticultural Area (AVA), part of Colorado's Wine Country and home to the highest wine vineyards in North America.
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Find the decimal equivalent to 4/15
Answers
Solution: 4/15 as a decimal is 0.27
There are many fractions that equal 0.27 such as 8/30, 12/45, 16/60, etc
which of the following may help a geologist determine the original environment of formation for a rock?
Answers
C) Analyze the shape of particles in a rock and A) compare the size of particles in a rock deposit found in modern environments may help a geologist determine the original environment of formation for a rock.
Rock CycleThe rock cycle is a cycle that describes rock from the beginning or before it was formed (in the form of magma), then underwent modification, then transportation, decomposition, until it turned into another type of rock and turned back into magma again, and so on
Like the process of the occurrence of rain, so does the rock. At least there are some processes of this rock cycle. This process or cycle involves three main types of rock, namely igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock. These three types of rock actually occur in the same cycle, in other words, these three rocks are formed side by side.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was:
which of the following may help a geologist determine the original environment of formation for a rock? (Select the correct answer)
A. Compare the size of particles in a rock deposit found in modern environments
B. Analyze the age of rocks
C. Analyze the shape of particles in a rock
D. Analyze texture of rocks
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based on principles discussed earlier in the course, you know that as distance from the equator increases, seasonal variation in temperature tends to .
Answers
As distance from the equator increases, seasonal variation in temperature tends to decrease.
A place's climate is influenced by how far it is located from the equator. In comparison to the equator, solar radiation has to travel further and at a shallower angle to reach the surface of the Earth at the poles, where the atmosphere is more dense. Because of this, the climate becomes increasingly colder as one moves away from the Equator.
In the summer, there is a period of time at the poles when the sun does not set, and in the winter, there is a period of time at the poles when it is completely dark. This is the greatest variation in day length that occurs between the summer and the winter at the poles. On the other hand, day length varies very little near the equator.
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the major soil classification types in north america are group of answer choices swamps, grasslands, and forests. mountains, rivers, and canyons. forests, grasses, and beaches. grasslands, forests, and deserts.
Answers
AP human geography Brain teaser
A major criticism of rich countries regarding international trade and development is that the richest countries in the world also offer the greatest agricultural subsidies to their farmers. How would ending rich-country agricultural subsidies help the less developed world?
Answers
Ending rich-country agricultural subsidies would help the less developed world by leveling the playing field in international trade.
What is AP human geography?Generally, Subsidies artificially lower the cost of agricultural goods produced by rich countries, making it difficult for farmers in less developed countries to compete.
This can lead to a decline in economic activity and income in those countries, as well as increased dependence on foreign aid.
By ending subsidies, farmers in less developed countries would be able to sell their products at competitive prices, which would help to boost their economic growth and reduce poverty.
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Question 13 of 20
What unrelated factor would ultimately decide where Portuguese would be
spoken in South America and where Spanish would be spoken?
A. The Comunidade dos Paises de Lingua
B. The line of demarcation
The fall of the incan empire
D. The travel barrier of the Amazon River
SUBMIT
Answers
The line of demarcation would ultimately decide where Portuguese would be spoken in South America and where Spanish would be spoken.
What is the line of demarcation and how did it came between spanish and portugues?
The Line of Demarcation was a line established in 1494 by the Treaty of Tordesillas between the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal. It was meant to divide the New World territories between the two countries. The Line of Demarcation ran along a meridian 370 leagues (1770 km) west of the Cape Verde Islands, which were off the west coast of Africa. All newly discovered lands to the west of the line belonged to Portugal, while any found to the east belonged to Spain. The line was intended to settle a dispute between the two nations and was a major factor in the global expansion of European colonialism in the 16th century. It had lasting effects on the geopolitical balance of power in the New World and the Old World.
What does geopolitical means?
Geopolitics is the study of the effects of geography (physical and human) on international politics and international relations. It involves the analysis of political power in relation to geographic space. It is often seen as an important factor in shaping foreign policy and international relations. The term "geopolitics" was originally coined by the Swedish political scientist Rudolf Kjellén in 1899. It has come to refer to the study of the role of geography in shaping and influencing the behavior of states, as well as the political and economic strategies they employ. Geopolitics has been used to analyze the relationships between countries and regions, as well as to understand the roles of various powers in world politics.
Therefore the correct option is B. The line of demarcation
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which of the following are attributes that are evaluated to classify crystalline and clastic rocks? multiple select question. minerals present temperature of the rock age of the rock crystal/clast size presence/absence of layers crystal/clast shape
Answers
Minerals present, crystal/clast size, crystal/clast shape, and presence/absence of layers are evaluated to classify crystalline and clastic rocks.
Texture, or the size, shape, and arrangement of the constituent minerals, is a prominent physical feature of terrigenous clastic rocks. There are three major types of sedimentary rocks: terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks, carbonates, and noncarbonate chemical sedimentary rocks.
A crystalline rock is one that is entirely composed of crystallized minerals and contains no glassy matter. Intrusive igneous rocks are always crystalline, especially when they cool to semi-solidity at depth, whereas extrusive igneous rocks are mostly non-crystalline because they can be partially or completely glassy. Clastic rocks are made up of pre-existing mineral and rock fragments, or clasts. A clast is a fragment of geological detritus, chunks, or smaller grains of rock that have been physically weathered off other rocks.
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Which of the following is not a problem with the Fujita Scale, which uses damage to rank the severity of a tornado and estimate its wind speeds? West Select one: a. The scale is subjective b. Construction standards, quality and age are not the same everywhere making the scale officult to use c. if the tornado is nothing the scale is useless d. We only know the wind speeds of a tornado after a damage survey has been completed e. All of the above are problems with the Fujita Scale
Answers
The scale is subjective is not a problem with the Fujita Scale, which uses damage to rank the severity of a tornado and estimate its wind speeds.
ABOUT FUJITA SCALEThe Fujita scale is a scale for rating tornado intensity, primarily based on the damage tornadoes cause to man-made structures and vegetation. Fujita's official scale categories are determined by meteorologists and engineers after ground or air damage surveys, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground rotation patterns (cycloidal markings), weather radar data, witness testimony, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007.
In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF Scale over the Fujita scale along with the 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
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Describe how echo soundings are used to determine the topography of the ocean floor?
Answers
The time it takes for the echoes to return to the point of origination is then used to determine the depth and corresponding shape of the ocean floor.
An echo sounder transmits a ship's sound signal into the water, where it bounces off any changes in density to produce echoes (e.g., the seafloor). The time it takes for the echoes to return to the point of genesis is then used to calculate the depth and corresponding shape of the ocean floor.
What do we mean by an echo?An echo is a sound produced when sound waves are reflected off of a surface and returned to the listener.
It is the sound that has been reflected, and it reaches the listener after the original sound has passed.
Your throat is opened, and a flexible tube with a transducer is inserted into the tube that connects your mouth and stomach (esophagus).
The transducer captures the echo of your heartbeat on tape.
The echoes are transformed by a computer into exact moving pictures of your heart that your doctor may see on a monitor.
A ship's sound signal is sent down into the ocean using an echo sounder, where it bounces off any differences in density to create echoes (e.g., the seafloor).
The depth and the associated shape of the ocean floor are then calculated using the time it takes for the echoes to return to the point of genesis.
Therefore, an echo sounder transmits a ship's sound signal into the water, where it bounces off any changes in density to produce echoes (e.g., the seafloor). The time it takes for the echoes to return to the point of genesis is then used to calculate the depth and corresponding shape of the ocean floor.
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Which natural resources are most important to South Asia's large population?
Answers
Hey there!
Answer:
Water from rivers is an important resource. India has most of the mineral resources in the region.
Hope this helps!
which of the following includes services and resources produced by the earth's natural processes? group of answer choices artificial capital natural capital manufactured capital human capital development capital
Answers
Statement that includes services and resources produced by the earth's natural processes is natural capital.
What is natural capital?Natural assets have the role of supplying environmental services and natural resource inputs for economic development, and these assets are known as natural capital. Natural resource stocks, land, and ecosystems are typically regarded as the three main components that make up natural capital. Minerals, water, waste assimilation, carbon dioxide absorption, arable land, habitat, fossil fuels, erosion management, recreation, visual amenity, biodiversity, temperature regulation, and oxygen are a few examples of natural capital. Due to the fact that many enterprises depend on natural capital, it has monetary worth.
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Victorville, CA is located at 34.53o north latitude. On which day of the year does Victorville experience the most daylight hours?
Group of answer choices
A. Winter Solstice
B. Summer Solstice
C. Autumn/Spring Equinox
Answers
Victorville, California, at 34.53o north latitude, has extended daylight hours on the Summer Solstice.
On the Summer Solstice, the Earth's tilt towards to the sun is at its maximum.
At the Tropic of Cancer, which is located at 23°5' north latitude, the northern latitudes have the longest time in the sun of the year.
Because Victorville is positioned further north than the Tropic of Cancer, the Summer Solstice will be the day that has the most daylight hours of the year.
It usually happens on June 20 or 21.
Summer officially begins in the Northern Hemisphere on this day, with the longest daytime hours of the year.
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q8: approximately how many hours of daylight did each of the locations receive on the two equinoxes?
Answers
On the two equinoxes, each region received around 12 hours of daylight.
Given a level horizon and no air refraction during the day of the celestial equator, the sun's center would set roughly 12 hours after rising.
The vernal equinox, which occurs in the spring around March 21, as well as the autumn equinox, which occurs in the fall around September 23, are the days when the earth receives 12 minutes of sunlight and 12 hours of darkness.
Locations near the equator receive just approximately 12 hours of light every day.
Locations near the equator receive just approximately 12 hours of light every day. In comparison, the north pole has 24 hours of brightness during the summer and complete darkness during the winter. Lengthy dawn, as well as a long sunset, divide these two yearly seasons of light and gloom.
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Basaltic magma is very fluid. What type of volcano and eruption would basaltic magma most likely produce? composite, an explosion of lava and pyroclastic flow shield, a lava flow with no explosion cinder cone, a pyroclastic flow with no explosion shield, an explosion of lava ASK FOR HELP Copyright © 2022 Imagine Learning LLC.All rights reserved. TERMS OF USE
Answers
The kind of volcano and eruption would basaltic magma most likely produce is shield, a lava flow with no explosion. Thus, option second is correct.
What is Shield volcanoes?Shield volcanoes are generated by basaltic magma, which is often found above a mantle plume, whereas stratovolcanoes (also known as composite volcanoes) are produced by andesitic/rhyolitic magma.
When a volcano spews low viscosity, flowing lava, it spreads far from the source, forming a shield volcano with soft slopes. The majority of shield volcanoes are created by fluid basaltic lava flows. The shield volcanoes Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa.
The most likely volcano and eruption produced by basaltic magma is a shield, a lava flow with no explosion. As a result, option two is correct.
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He invented a globe and argue that the representation of the world as a flat-two dimensional object is not accurate.
1. Anaximander
2. Eratosthenes
3. Ptolemy
4. Zheng He
Answers
hope this helps
Domesticated plants and animals moved east and west more easily than north or south because:
a. most rivers run east and west
b. the sun moves east to west
c. weather patterns move west to east
d. climate is more constant east to west
Answers
Domesticated plants and animals moved east and west more easily than north or south because climate is more constant east to west which is option d.
What comprises a climate?Climate is the typical weather in a region over an extended period of time. A description of a climate typically includes details such as the average temperature during various seasons, rainfall, and sunshine. In many cases, a description of the (probability of) extremes is also included.
What is an illustration of climate?Weather is the average of the climate. For instance, you can anticipate snowfall in the Northeast in January or sweltering heat in the Southeast in July. This is the weather. The climate record also contains extreme values, such as record-breaking high temperatures or rainfall totals.
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In the list shown below, label each item for the location where it primarily occurs:
1) on Earth's surface,
2) Earth's shallow subsurface, or
3) Earth's deep subsurface (many miles/km below the surface).
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Labels may be reused. - (Rock) melting
- High Temperature, High pressure (high-grade)
metamorphism.
- Lava cooling and undergoing crystalization to form extrusive igneous rocks.
- Weathering, transport, deposition - sediment undergoing lithification
Answers
Lava cooling and undergoing crystallization to form extrusive igneous rocks and weathering, transport, deposition occurs on Earth's surface.
Sediment undergoing lithification occurs on Earth's shallow subsurface.
(Rock) melting and high temperature, high pressure (high-grade) metamorphism occurs on Earth's deep subsurface.
Any crystalline or glassy rock that has been created by the solidification and cooling of molten earth is an igneous rock. One of the three main kinds of rocks are igneous rocks, the other two being metamorphic and sedimentary. Magma solidifies into igneous rocks as it cools. The majority of the Earth's surface is made up of igneous rock, with a very thin layer of weathered sedimentary rock.
While activities taking place primarily near the Earth's surface result in sedimentary rocks as earlier igneous rocks disintegrate. The research of igneous and metamorphic rocks can benefit from understanding chemical equilibrium because of Earth's high temperatures, with metamorphic rocks being those that didn't directly originate from magma.
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