27% of phosphate groups bind to only one amino acid, but there is a wide distribution, with 3% of phosphates binding to seven residues.
what is amino acids?
Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left. The human body uses amino acids to make proteins to help the body: Break down food.Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are the molecules that all living things need to make protein, and you need 20 of them to help your body function properly. Your body makes 11 of the necessary amino acids.Amino acids are the basic building units of proteins. Their molecule posses both an amino group as well as a carboxylic group. The amino acids having amino and carboxyl group attached to the same carbon, i.e., alpha-carbon atom is called as alpha-amino acids. Example: Glycine , Alanine etc.To learn more about amino acid refers to;
https://brainly.com/question/25923721
#SPJ4
how much heat energy (in kj) will be absorbed or released if 8.33 grams of ammonia is produced?
-22.57 kJ of heat energy will be absorbed when 8.33 grams of NH3 is produced.
To determine the amount of heat energy absorbed or released when 8.33 grams of ammonia (NH3) is produced, we need to use the balanced equation for the reaction and the heat of formation for NH3.
The balanced equation for the production of NH3 is:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
The heat of formation, or delta Hf, of a substance is the amount of heat absorbed or released when one mole of a substance is formed from its elements at standard conditions. The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) for NH3 is -46.19 kJ/mol
To find out the amount of heat energy absorbed or released when 8.33 grams of NH3 is produced, we need to know the molar mass of NH3 and use it to convert the mass to moles, then multiply it by the enthalpy of formation.
The molar mass of NH3 is equal to 17 g/mol.
8.33 grams NH3 / 17 g/mol = 0.492 mol NH3
The heat energy absorbed or released when 8.33 grams of NH3 is produced is:
-46.19 kJ/mol * 0.492 mol NH3 = -22.57 kJ
So, -22.57 kJ of heat energy will be absorbed when 8.33 grams of NH3 is produced.
You can learn more about heat energy at
https://brainly.com/question/25603269
#SPJ4
a compound has a pka of 7.4. what is the ph of the resulting solution after we add 30 ml of 1.0 m hydrochloric acid to 100 ml of a 1.0 m solution of this compound at ph 8.0
Resulting pH = 7.4
Using Henderson Hasselbalch equation,
Since pH = pKa + log([A]/[HA])
8 = 7.4 + log([A]/[HA]), hence [A]/[HA] = 4 .....(i)
0.1 L = 0.1 mole (moles/L), hence [A] +[HA] = 0.1 .......(ii)
using eqn (i) and (ii), [A] = 0.08 moles and [HA] = 0.02 moles
After adding 30 ml of HCL, 0.03 L = 0.03 moles (mole/L)
Since [A] reduces and [HA] increases,
[A] = 0.08 - 0.03 = 0.05 and [HA] = 0.02 + 0.03 = 0.05
So new pH of solution becomes,
pH = 7.4 + log(0.05/0.05) = 7.4
To know more about pH visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30356545
#SPJ4
Pls help ty:)! What are dipole-dipole interactions?
Answer:
Explanation:
Dipole-dipole forces or interactions exist between polar molecules. Some regions on a molecule have more electrons in a certain region, while others have fewer electrons in certain regions.
Atoms that are more electronegative than the rest of the molecule pull electrons closer. This creates a partial positive charge where electrons are not as close to one atom, and a partial negative charge where the electrons are closer to the other atom in the molecule. Water is a classic example of a polar molecule. Oxygen is quite electronegative so it pulls the shared electrons closer to itself--this creates a partial negative charge on oxygen. Hydrogen is not that electronegative so it does not pull the electrons close to itself--this creates a partial positive charge.
A dipole is created. The positive end of the dipole attracts the negative end of another molecule with a dipole.
Part B
Now observe the properties of the liquid in the container labeled unknown. Record the properties of the unknown
substance in the table.
Based on the observed properties of water and rubbing alcohol, the properties of the unknown substance are as follows;
It is colorless and dissolves readily in water but sparingly in rubbing alcohol.the substance is a polar substanceWhat are the properties of alcohol and water?The properties of water are as follows:
water is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquidWater can dissolve saltwater is a polar liquidThe properties of rubbing alcohol are as follows:
rubbing alcohol is a colorless liquid with a sharp musty smellSalt dissolves sparingly in alcohol because it ionizes sparingly compared to water.rubbing alcohol is a non-polar liquidLearn more about the properties of rubbing alcohol at: https://brainly.com/question/4807207
#SPJ1
Complete question:
Part A
Water and rubbing alcohol have distinct properties and will react differently with the same substance. Observe these properties of water and rubbing alcohol: color, smell, and ability to dissolve the salt. Record your observations in the table. To observe the solubility of salt in the liquid, put a one-quarter teaspoon of salt into each container and stir. You may weigh out 1.5 g of salt on the electronic balance if you don’t have a one-quarter teaspoon measure.
Part B
Now observe the properties of the liquid in the container labeled unknown. Record the properties of the unknown substance in the table.
How would you prepare 500cm³ solution of 0.25 mol/dm³ of Potassium hydrogen phthalate KHC8H4O4 (K=39, H=1 C=12 O=16)
We would need to measure 25.5 g of the potassium hydrogen phthalate an d make up to 500cm³ mark.
What is the preparation?We know that we can be able to prepare a chemical if we can be able to measure out a given mass of the chemical that is in question and then make up to the mass that we need.
In the case of the Potassium hydrogen phthalate that we have;
Number of moles to be prepared = concentration * volume
= 0.25 mol/dm³ * 500/1000 L
= 0.125 moles
Mass of the compound = Molar mass * Number of moles
= 0.125 moles * 204 g/mol
= 25.5 g
Learn more about moles:https://brainly.com/question/26416088
#SPJ1
If purple flowers are dominant in a plant and white flowers are recessive in that plant, then when purple-flowered plants with two dominant genes are mated with white-flowered plants with two recessive genes, the first generation of offspring should have
A
100% white flowers
B
75% purple flowers and 25% white flowers
C
50% purple flowers and 50% white flowers
D
100% purple flowers
If purple flowers are dominant in a plant and white flowers are recessive in that plant, then when purple-flowered plants with two dominant genes are mated with white-flowered plants with two recessive genes, the first generation of offspring should have 100% purple flowers. Therefore, option D is correct.
What is dominant gene?In genetics, dominance occurs when one variant of a gene on a chromosome masks or overrides the effect of another variant of the same gene on the opposite copy of the chromosome.
The first variant is called dominant, while the second is called recessive. When there is dominance, it is always expressed. When no dominant genes are present, recessive genes are expressed.
Purple-flowered plants with two dominant genes should produce 100% purple flowers in the first generation when mated with white-flowered plants with two recessive genes.
The attached Punnett square shows the above combination.
Thus, option D is correct.
To learn more about the dominant gene, follow the link;
https://brainly.com/question/5519888
#SPJ1
A spring with a spring constant of 3N/m is stretched until extended by 1.4m. How much elastic potential energy is stored by the spring?
Give your answer to 2 decimal places
The energy that is stored in the spring is 2.94 J.
What is the elastic potential energy?We have to note that the elastic potential energy of the spring is the energy that has been stored in the spring and it is released to be able to do work once we pull the spring.
In this case we already know that;
W = 1/2Ke^2
W = work done
K = force constant
e = extension
Thus;
W = 0.5 * 3 * 1.4^2
W = 2.94 J
We can see that the stored energy for the spring in question is 2.94 J of energy stored.
Learn more about spring constant:https://brainly.com/question/14159361
#SPJ1
Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28.8 years. If you start with a 10-gram sample of strontium-90, how much will be left after 115.2 years? Justify your answer.
the superalloys divide into three basic groups, according to the base metal used in the alloy. which one is not one of these three groups.
The superalloys divide into three basic groups, according to the base metal used in the alloy. Name the three groups: (1) iron-based alloys, (2) nickel-based alloys,and (3) cobalt-based alloys.
WHAT IS SUPERALLOYSuperalloy materials are materials that have been developed to have the ability to maintain their strength at high temperatures (> 650oC) for a long time. A good combination of high strength and good ductility at low temperatures as well as good surface stability, surface stability means corrosion resistance, the formation of Cr2O3 and Al2O3 will improve surface stability. Superalloys originate from group VIIIB elements and generally consist of various combinations of Fe, Ni, Co, and Cr.
There are also alloying elements in smaller amounts, including W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Ti, Al, and V. Alloys in small amounts play a role in increasing strength by:
1. Mechanism of solid solution strengthening (W, Mo, Ti),
2. Forming carbides (W, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, V),
3. Precipitation strengthening (Al and Ti).
The reinforcement mechanism in superalloys is also controlled by means of:
1. Minimizing the formation of brittle phases: sigma phases, chi phases,
2. Controlling the carbide that is formed (so that it is not too brittle),
3. Controlling the grain size (so that the strength does not decrease).
Learn more about superalloy at https://brainly.com/question/13002383.
#SPJ4
at what point in the citric acid cycle do the methyl carbon from acetyl-coa and the carbonyl carbon from oxaloacetate become chemically equivalent?
The methyl carbon from acetyl-CoA and the carbonyl carbon from oxaloacetate become chemically equivalent at the point of the citric acid cycle where the enzyme citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate.
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occurs in the mitochondria of cells. One of the key steps in this cycle is the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme citrate synthase. During this reaction, the carbonyl carbon of oxaloacetate and the methyl carbon of acetyl-CoA are chemically equivalent in the molecule of citrate. This reaction marks the starting point of citric acid cycle and forms the first intermediate of the citric acid cycle.
To learn more about Krebs cycle click here:
https://brainly.com/question/13153590
#SPJ4
compare the three states of matter in terms of their shape and volume. explain in your own words why a gas takes both the shape and volume of its container, compared to solids and liquids?
Solids have a fixed volume as well as a fixed shape. Liquids have a fixed volume but liquids do not have a fixed shape. Gases do not have a fixed volume or a fixed shape and take up the shape and volume of the container they are placed in due to the weak intermolecular forces of attraction.
Among the three states of matter, solids have the most rigid structure. This is because solids have the strongest intermolecular forces of attraction amongst them and have a fixed shape as well as volume.
Among solids, liquids and gases, liquids have intermediate forces of attraction and hence they have a fixed volume but not a fixed structure and hence they take the shape of the container in which they are kept.
Particles of gases have the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction and hence they have no fixed volume or fixed shape and hence gases take up both the shape as well as the volume of the container they are kept in.
To know more about intermolecular forces of attraction here
https://brainly.com/question/3030590
#SPJ4
Which method would provide evidence to support the inference that this is a exothermic reaction
The chemical change that would provide evidence of exothermic reaction is evolution of heat.
What is a chemical change?Chemical changes are defined as changes which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical change.
There are several characteristics of chemical changes like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical change there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.
Learn more about chemical change,here:
https://brainly.com/question/23693316
#SPJ1
What is required for a fossil to become petrified?
o decay
O ground water
bacteria
mold
Lice
O minerals
Minerals is required for a fossil to become petrified.The preserved remains, or signs of remains, of extinct animals are called fossils.
The remnants of the creature itself are not fossils! They're stones. An full organism or only a portion of one can be preserved as a fossil. Leaves, feathers, shells, bones, and shells may all turn into fossils. Fossils come in a wide range of sizes. Only a microscope can see microfossils. Microfossils include pollen and bacteria. Petrified trees or dinosaur bones are examples of macrofossils. Once preserved remains have aged 10,000 years or more, they are considered fossils. Deep underground rock formations are a common place to find fossils. Through replacing the original material and filling the original pore spaces with minerals, petrification is the process by which biological material turns into a fossil.
learn more about Minerals Refer:brainly.com/question/8831889
#SPJ4
will a bond form if an atom of this element moves towards an atom having seven valence electrons? why or why not?
No, it would not be very probable to happen because the first element, neon, is already stable due to the fact that the outermost shell of its atom is completely filled.
An electron that is linked with an atom and that can take part in the development of a chemical bond is referred to as a valence electron. In the formation of a single covalent bond, each of the atoms in the bond contributes one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
It is possible for the existence of valence electrons to determine the chemical characteristics of an element as well as whether or not it can form bonds with other elements. A valence electron can only exist in the most outer electron shell of an element that is part of the main group.
An atom that has its valence shell completely filled with electrons has a high probability of being chemically inert. A highly reactive atom is one that has one or two valence electrons in excess of what is required for a closed shell. This is because the additional valence electrons can be quickly stripped away to produce a positive ion.
An atom that has one or two valence electrons less than a closed shell is also extremely reactive. This is due to the fact that such an atom has a greater propensity to either gain the missing valence electrons or share valence electrons with neighboring atoms.
The complete question is attached.
Want to know more about valence electrons visit the link which is given below;
https://brainly.com/question/28977387
#SPJ4
I don’t understand how to do this it’s very confusing
Answer:
a Naturally occurring and stable =
b. naturally occurring and radioactive
Choose which of the four Spartan files is most likely to be the best approximation of the actual complex, SEFeox3LS, SEFeox3HS, B3LYPFeox3LS, or B3LYPFeox3HS. Open that file the one deemed to be the most stable spin case of Fe ( ox ) 3 − 3 in the previous question. Go to the Setup window and choose Calculations. Click the boxes next to Infrared Spectra and Vibrational Modes. Click Submit. The calculation time will depend on the processor in the computer, but may need to run overnight
More stability is demonstrated by [Fe(C). 2 \s \s O \s4 \s \s ] \s3− In comparison to non-chelates, metal chelates are more stable. Oxalate produces metal chelates.
stability and is a bidentate ligand. Because of this, [Fe(C 2 O 4 ] 3 is more stable.the four Spartan files is most likely to be the best approximation of the actual complex, SEFeox3LS, SEFeox3HS, B3LYPFeox3LS, or B3LYPFeox3HS. Open that file the one deemed to be the most stable spin case of Fe ( ox ) 3 − 3 in the previous . Go to the Setup window and choose Calculations. Click the boxes next to Infrared Spectra and Vibrational Modes. The calculation time will depend on the processor in the computer, but may need to run overnight [Co(en)3] [Co(NH3)6] is less stable than 3+. As [Co(en)3], 3+ Due to the presence of the bidentate ligand, ethylene diamine, 3+ is a metal chelate. Comparatively speaking, monodentate lignad-only complexes are less stable than metal chelates.
learn more about stability here:
https://brainly.com/question/29661360
#SPJ4
what is the standard temperature and pressure (stp) as defined by the international union of pure and applied chemistry (iupac)?
Answer:
Temperature: 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 degrees Kelvin or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) Pressure: 1 atm (101.325 kilopascal or 760 Torr).
Explanation:
two ways can scientists exhibit ethical behavior?
Answer:
1. Creating products that improve people's lives.
2. Remaining impartial about data while conducting experiments.
examples of soluble and insoluble salts
Explanation:
This is answer is given the following
1. How many moles of methane (CH4) are needed to produce 5.75 moles of water vapor? (Assume excess oxygen.) CH4(g) +202(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)
5.75 moles of water vapor require 2.875 moles of methane, CH4, which is required in a different way.
How can I calculate the necessary mole of CH4?The moles of CH4 that reacted from the balanced equation will be obtained first.
O2 + CH4 = CO2 + 2H2O
Given the above-mentioned balanced equation,
From 1 mole of CH4, 2 moles of H2O were created.
We can calculate the amount of moles of CH4 required for the reaction using the information above. Details are provided below:
Given the above-mentioned balanced equation,
From 1 mole of CH4, 2 moles of H2O were created.
Therefore,
The formula is: (5.75 1) / 2 = 2.875 moles of CH4 yields 5.75 moles of H2O.
The formula is: (5.75 1) / 2 = 2.875 moles of CH4 yields 5.75 moles of H2O.
In light of this, we can say that 2.875 moles of CH4 are required.
To learn more about moles refer to:
brainly.com/question/23350512
#SPJ1
Aluminum + hydrochloride acid yield aluminum chloride + hydrogen gas
What’s the balanced equation?
Aluminum + hydrochloride acid yield aluminum chloride + hydrogen gas therefore the balanced equation is 2Al+6HCl→2AlCl₃+3H₂.
What is a Chemical reaction?This is referred to as the process in which one or more substances which are called the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances known as the products and it involves the exchange of electrons between elements.
In this scenario, when Aluminum and hydrochloride acid reacts they form aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas which is the product and the equation can be seen above.
Read more about Chemical reaction here https://brainly.com/question/11231920
#SPJ1
What's the structural formula of 4, 4 dimethyl pent-2-ene?
The structural formula of 4,4-dimethyl pent-2-ene is:
H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3.
This molecule contains a pent-2-ene chain which is composed of 5 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds with a methyl group (-CH3) attached to the 4th and 5th carbon atoms. The structural formula of 4,4-dimethylpent-2-ene represents the arrangement of atoms in the molecule using chemical symbols and bond lines.
The chemical symbol for carbon is "C" and for hydrogen is "H". In this structural formula, you can see that there are 5 carbon atoms (C) and 14 hydrogen atoms (H) in the molecule.
The line (-) represents a single bond, which is a covalent bond between two atoms. The double bond is represented by "=".
The molecule contains a pent-2-ene chain which is composed of 5 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds between the 2nd and 3rd and 4th and 5th carbon atoms. The molecule also contains two methyl groups (-CH3) attached to the 4th and 5th carbon atoms. A methyl group is a functional group that contains one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms.
This structural formula is a way to represent the molecular structure of 4,4-dimethyl pent-2-ene in a simplified way.
Learn more about the structural formula: https://brainly.com/question/14611418
she decides to repeat the experiment using lower concentrations of lead than those she used initially. what conclusion can the scientist in this scenario make from her results?
If the scientist repeats the experiment using lower concentrations of lead than those she used initially, she can draw several conclusions based on the results of the experiment.
If she finds that the results are similar or the same as her initial experiment, she can conclude that the effect observed in her initial experiment is likely due to the lead and not a result of chance. This would provide support for her hypothesis that lead is responsible for the observed effect. Additionally, this could also indicate that the effect is likely to be present at a wide range of lead concentrations, and not just at the higher concentrations used in the initial experiment. If the results are different, however, she may conclude that the effect is dependent on the concentration of lead and that lower concentrations have a weaker effect. For example, she may have used different methods for preparing the lead solutions in the repeat experiment which could have led to variations in the final concentrations.
Learn more about lead properties here :
https://brainly.com/question/17109514
#SPJ4
what trend do you notice for electronegativity down a family? explain the reason for this trend in 2-3 sentences.
Answer:
Going down a family means the elements are getting larger. As more electrons surround the positively charged nucleus, they reduce the attractive electrostatic force because they are further away, and existing electrons repulse them.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction an element has for electrons. Fluorine has a high electronegativity (2.98), while Francium does not (0.7). Fluorine more readily attracts other electrons. When going down a family on the periodic table, electronegativity decreases. This is because the existing electrons have already filled the electron shells closest to the positive nucleus. A new electron arriving near Francium doesn't experience the full attraction of the nucleus since it so far away. The existing electrons form a repulsive barrier.
an acid that has a high percentage ionization in solution is called a acid, while an acid that has a low percentage ionization is called a acid. acid strength is a measure of how readily a compound donates a(n) .
Acid the tendency of an acid to donate a proton. Thus, the more readily a compound donates a proton, the stronger the acid.
Acids and bases are measured using the pH scale.The relative strength of an acidacidacid can be predicted based on its chemical structure. In general, an acid is stronger when the H–A bond is more polar. Acidity is also greater when the H–A bond is weaker and when the conjugate base, A⁻, is more stable.acids are defined as being able to donate protons in the form of hydrogen ions; whereas bases are defined as being able to accept protons.This took the Arrhenius definition one step further as water is no longer required to be present in the solution for acid and base reactions to occur.go through the given link below to know more about acid:-
https://brainly.com/question/25148363
#SPJ4
Given The Following Data, Calculate ΔrH∘ΔrH∘ For The Reaction: N2O(G)NO2(G)⟶3NO(G)N2O(G)NO2(G)⟶3NO(G)
Give names to equations 1, 2, and 3.Equation 3.2 N2O (g) N2 (g) + 0.5 O2 (g) H = -81.6 kJEquation 2: NO (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) + (1/2) NO2 (g) = +56.55 kJ
Equation 1 states that N2 (g), O2 (g), 2NO (g), and H = +180.7 kJ.
See Equation of state for cosmological applications of this (cosmology). See Optimum control General technique for further information on how this idea is used in optimal control theory.An equation of state is a thermodynamic formula used in physics, chemistry, andthermodynamics to describe the state of matter under a particular set of physical parameters, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy.[1] The Helmholtz free energy is used to formulate the majority of current equations of state. The characteristics of pure substances and mixtures in their liquid, gaseous, and solid forms as well as the state of matter
Learn more about Equation 1 states that N2 (g),here;
https://brainly.com/question/30262557
#SPJ4
A compound called calcium nitrate tetrahydrate is analyzed and determined to contain 0.44 moles of calcium nitrate. How many moles of water does this compound contain?
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate is written as Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, which means that it contains one mole of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) and four moles of water (4H2O).
Since we know that the compound contains 0.44 moles of calcium nitrate, we can use the coefficient of the water in the chemical formula to find out how many moles of water the compound contains. The coefficient of water in the chemical formula is 4, so we can use it to calculate the number of moles of water in the compound:
0.44 moles of calcium nitrate x 4 moles of water/1 mole of calcium nitrate = 1.76 moles of water.
So the compound contains 1.76 moles of water.
What type of narrow, curved rock formation forms when a sea cave is continually eroded?
Sea Arches are formed when a cave continues to be eroded and expanded until it cuts through a headland.
What is produced when a sea cave is eroded continually?A sea cave forms when a sea arch pursues to be eroded and widened until the rock becomes too weak to carry the roof of the sea cave and collapses into the sea. Caves are devised by the dissolution of limestone. Rainwater collects carbon dioxide from the air and as it percolates through the soil, which rotates into a weak acid.
Sea caves occur on almost every precipice headland or coast where the waves break straight on a rock cliff and are formed Sea caves by mechanical erosion rather than the chemical solution procedure that is responsible for the majority of inland caves.
So we can conclude that Sea caves or littoral caves are formed fundamentally from erosion caused by waves
Learn more about Sea caves here: https://brainly.com/question/11986692
#SPJ1
I need help with these questions
A chemical compound is a substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.
A pure substance is a substance that are made up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or constant structure. Pure substances are further classified as elements and compounds.
A molecule is the smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
A mixture is a compound made up of two or more chemical components that are not chemically linked together. This means that a mixture can be made of elements, compounds etc. but not the other way round.
Learn more about compounds and mixtures at: https://brainly.com/question/20716171
#SPJ1
Discuss the basic oxygen method (BOD) for manufacture of steel. Compare the process with open hearth.
(Compare)
The BOF method can also get rid of other pollutants in addition to carbon.
What is basic open hearth process?The open-hearth furnace (OHF) transforms a charge of scrap and liquid blast-furnace iron into liquid steel using the heat produced by the combustion of gaseous or liquid fuels. By blowing pure oxygen into a bath of molten blast-furnace iron and scrap, the basic oxygen process (BOP) creates steel.
Oxygen and a metal react to generate metallic oxide. Oxygen and several metals interact to generate metal oxides. Sodium and potassium are soft metals that are simple to cut, exposing a surface that is initially shiny but quickly becomes dull.
In addition to carbon, additional contaminants can also be eliminated using the BOF technique. Sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) are two components with significant roles in the production and refinement of steel (P).
To learn more about open hearth process refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/2364253
#SPJ1