In the last 5 years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has made four Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) declarations.
A PHEIC is defined by the WHO as an extraordinary event that constitutes a public health risk to other states through the international spread of disease and that potentially requires a coordinated international response.
The four PHEICs declared by the WHO in the last five years are as follows:
Zika virus epidemic in 2016
Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019-2020
COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
Polio outbreak in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria in 2021
So, the WHO made four Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) declarations in the last five years.
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a 42-year-old client tells the nurse that she has found a painless lump in her right breast during her monthly self-examination. she says that she is afraid that she has cancer. which assessment finding would most strongly suggest that this client's lump is cancerous?
The assessment finding that would most strongly suggest that this client's lump is cancerous is a hard, irregular, immobile mass in the right breast.
A painless lump is a swelling or growth that appears under the skin, and the affected person cannot feel any discomfort or pain. A lump could be caused by various factors, including cysts, infections, or tumors. When someone discovers a lump in the breast, it is critical to have it tested because it could be cancerous.Breast cancer is a condition that occurs when cells in the breast tissue grow out of control, often producing a mass or lump. The cells can migrate to other parts of the body from the breast mass. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide. Assessment findings that would most strongly suggest that a client's lump is cancerous hard, irregular, immobile mass in the right breast would most strongly suggest that this client's lump is cancerous. A cancerous lump is typically difficult and does not have a uniform shape, with some parts feeling thicker than others. It may feel like a rock under the skin, and it will not move or migrate when pressed. In comparison, a benign mass or lump may feel soft and tender to the touch and may shift or change shape when pressed. The nurse should order imaging tests such as mammograms and ultrasounds to determine if the lump is cancerous. if you detect any lump in the breast, consult a doctor as soon as possible to get an accurate diagnosis.#SPJ11
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a patient is newly diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. in reviewing the disease process with the patient, the nurse should discuss that ulcerative colitis: a. predominantly affects the small intestines. b. has multiple episodes of bloody diarrhea and pus c. can be cured with the medication sulfasalazine d. can be cured with colectomy surgery e. has a high possibility of developing toxic megacolon
A patient is newly diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, in reviewing the disease process with the patient, the nurse should discuss ulcerative colitis has multiple episodes of bloody diarrhea and pus, the correct option is (b)
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by the presence of inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum. This inflammation can cause multiple episodes of bloody diarrhea and pus, which is a hallmark symptom of the disease. The inflammation is typically continuous, affecting the innermost lining of the colon, and can lead to the development of abscesses, fistulas, and other complications. Treatment for ulcerative colitis aims to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms, but there is no known cure. Sulfasalazine is one of the medications commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis, but it is not a cure. Colectomy surgery may be necessary in severe cases where other treatments have not provided relief or if there is a risk of complications such as toxic megacolon. Therefore, educating patients about the symptoms of ulcerative colitis and the importance of seeking timely medical attention is crucial for the management of this chronic condition.
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The complete question is:
A patient is newly diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. in reviewing the disease process with the patient, the nurse should discuss ulcerative colitis:
a. predominantly affects the small intestines.
b. has multiple episodes of bloody diarrhea and pus
c. can be cured with the medication sulfasalazine
d. can be cured with colectomy surgery
e. has a high possibility of developing toxic megacolon
myestinia gravis a. the amount of exercise performed daily. b. any changes in dietary intake. c. omitting doses of medication. d. ascending weakness in the legs
Myestinia gravis is a neurological disorder that causes ascending weakness in the legs. Option D is correct.
What is Myestinia Gravis?Myestinia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness and fast muscle fatigue. The most common type of myestinia gravis is acquired myestinia gravis, which occurs when the body's immune system attacks muscle receptors.
The number of acetylcholine receptors in the muscle cell membrane is reduced as a result of this action. This impairs the ability of the nerve to transmit signals to the muscle, causing the symptoms of myestinia gravis.
Symptoms of Myestinia GravisThe symptoms of myestinia gravis include:
Weakness of the eyes and face musclesDouble visionDifficulty in speakingDifficulty in swallowingBreathlessnessFeeling fatigued easilyAs myestinia gravis is a chronic disorder, individuals with myestinia gravis can develop a variety of symptoms over time. The majority of people experience intermittent symptoms, and some may have minor symptoms. If you experience any of these symptoms, see a doctor for a diagnosis and treatment.
Option D is correct.
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the nurse is supervising a student nurse who is caring for a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the patient has severe esophagitis caused by candida albicans. which action by the student requires the most rapid intervention by the nurse?
The most rapid intervention that is needed by the nurse when supervising a student nurse who is caring for a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has severe esophagitis caused by Candida albicans is the administration of antifungal medication to the patient as soon as possible.
The cause of esophagitis- Candida albicans is a fungal infection that can cause esophagitis. It typically occurs in people who have a compromised immune system, such as people with HIV/AIDS or those undergoing chemotherapy. People with esophagitis can have difficulty swallowing or feel pain when swallowing, and can also experience chest pain or fever.
The role of the nurse in the administration of antifungal medication to the patient- The nurse should instruct the student nurse to give the antifungal medication, and ensure that it is given as prescribed.
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an older adult client with generalized weakness who lives in a two-story home has a bathroom upstairs and a bedroom downstairs. which nursing teaching is appropriate?
The nursing teaching that is appropriate for an older adult client with generalized weakness who lives in a two-story home has a bathroom upstairs and a bedroom downstairs is to inform the client to use the downstairs bedroom instead of the upstairs one.
When a client experiences generalized weakness, they are not in their normal state, and they cannot do things they could have done before. This is a common symptom of old age. The client, as a result, needs to be assisted and monitored to ensure that they are safe and free of accidents or injuries.
An older adult client who lives in a two-story house should be advised to use the downstairs bedroom rather than the upstairs one.
This is due to the fact that if they sleep upstairs, they will have to climb the stairs to get there, which may be difficult and dangerous for them to navigate. This may result in a fall or accident, which may worsen their condition.
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gastric bypass surgery makes it group of answer choices impossible to regain weight once it is lost. slightly more likely that people will lose weight. impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight. possible to binge and not gain weight.
Gastric bypass surgery makes it impossible to regain weight once it is lost.
Gastric bypass is a form of weight-loss surgery that involves making changes to the digestive system that limit the amount of food a person can eat and absorb, leading to weight loss. This surgery makes it impossible to binge eat, but still possible to lose weight.
Gastric bypass surgery is done to lose weight. It changes the way the stomach and small intestine digest food. Because of this surgery, people feel less hungry even if they eat less food. Sometimes diet and exercise dont help and the person is in danger due to his weight, then bypass surgery is done.
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the community health nurse determines that the local adult population in the community has an increased incidence of vaccine-preventable disease. when developing a teaching plan for this population, which factor would be most important for the nurse to address?
The most important factor for the nurse to address when developing a teaching plan for a local adult population with an increased incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases is the importance of herd immunity, the correct option is C.
Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of a community becomes immune to a particular disease, making it less likely to spread to those who are not immune. It is important for the community to understand that vaccines not only protect themselves but also others around them, particularly those who are more vulnerable to disease. Addressing the importance of herd immunity will encourage community members to get vaccinated, ultimately reducing the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. While factors such as cost and potential side effects are important to address, they are not as critical as the importance of herd immunity. Additionally, providing education on the history of vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases may increase awareness but may not be as effective in promoting vaccination as addressing the importance of herd immunity.
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The complete question is:
The community health nurse determines that the local adult population the community has an increased incidence of vaccine-preventable disease. When developing a teaching plan for this population, which factor would be most important for the nurse to address?
A) The cost of vaccines
B) The potential side effects of vaccines
C) The importance of herd immunity
D) The history of vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases
the nurse is assessing a client with a spinal cord injury at the t5 level. which clinical manifestation alerts the nurse to the presence of a complication of this injury? a. rhinorrhea and epiphora b. fever and cough c. agitation and restlessness d. hip and knee pain
The clinical manifestation that alerts the nurse to the presence of a complication of spinal cord injury at T5 level is Agitation and restlessness.
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical condition that occurs when the spinal cord is damaged, often as a result of a traumatic accident, such as a fall or a car accident. This damage can cause temporary or permanent changes in the normal functioning of the spinal cord and can result in significant physical and neurological consequences.
The following are the most common complications of a spinal cord injury:
Muscle and bone deterioration.Nerve pain and neuropathic pain.Blood clots and other circulation problems.Depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.Spinal cord injury at T5 level can cause the following clinical manifestations:
Loss of motor and sensory function from the chest down.Loss of bowel and bladder control.Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath if the phrenic nerve (which controls breathing) is affected.Low blood pressure (hypotension).Agitation and restlessness are the clinical manifestations that alert the nurse to the presence of a complication of a spinal cord injury at T5 level. Spinal cord injuries at the T5 level can lead to a number of complications, including autonomic dysreflexia, bladder issues, bowel problems, and other issues.
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how often should older adults participate in strength training exercises? a. every other (nonconsecutive) week b. as often as they are able c. at least one day per week d. at least two days per week e. at least five days per week
The correct answer is (d). Older adults should participate in strength training exercises at least two days per week.
According to the American College of Sports Medicine, older adults should do strength training exercises two or three days a week. While this amount may vary depending on individual health and goals, most people over 65 can safely exercise every other (nonconsecutive) day.
This could involve weight lifting, resistance band exercises, or bodyweight exercises such as push-ups or squats. Additionally, older adults should always seek advice from their healthcare provider before beginning a new exercise program.
When starting an exercise program, older adults should start out slowly and gradually increase their frequency and intensity. For those with existing conditions or mobility issues, low-impact exercises such as water aerobics or chair-based exercises may be better suited. Proper warm-up and stretching exercises should be performed before each workout to reduce the risk of injury.
It is also important for older adults to incorporate a variety of exercises into their routines in order to benefit from the full range of physical health benefits. Exercises should include both aerobic activities and strength training in order to increase strength, balance, and flexibility. Regular physical activity can also reduce the risk of certain diseases, improve mental health, and promote overall well-being.
In summary, older adults should participate in strength training exercises at least two days per week. Depending on individual health and goals, this amount may be increased or decreased.
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11. the nurse has just received the change of shift report on the orthopedic floor. which of the following clients should be assessed first? b. 88-year-old in skin traction who needs to move as the weights are on the floor c. 84-year-old with fractured femur in bucks traction crying with the pain d. 67-year-old agitated and confused after repair of a fractured femur 12 hours ago e. 50-year-old patient 2 hours post-operatively with a red swollen, inflamed knee
The nurse has just received the change of shift report on the orthopedic floor. The client that needs to be assessed first is an 84-year-old with a fractured femur in Buck's traction crying with the pain.
So, the correct answer is C
What is the Buck's Traction?A Buck's Traction is a type of skin traction that uses a boot on the lower leg with traction applied to the leg via a band wrapped around the foot of the bed. It is a type of skin traction that is frequently used for hip and femur fractures. Buck's Traction is skin traction that is used to relieve muscle spasms and discomfort, allowing the fractured bone ends to rest quietly and reducing the risk of further damage. For patients who have suffered a fracture or other orthopedic problem, it is commonly used.
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kaplan mental health b the nurse provides care for an adolescent cliernt with suspected gonnorrhea. the client reports being sexually abused by a parent for the past 5 yearts. what actrion does the nurse perform first?
The nurse's first action when providing care to an adolescent client with suspected gonorrhea who reports being sexually abused by a parent for the past 5 years is to assess the client's physical and mental health.
The nurse must assess the client's physical health to rule out any physical injuries or medical complications due to the abuse. The nurse must also assess the client's mental health, including their current mental status, any signs of depression, anxiety, or other mental health issues, and the client's ability to handle the trauma of being sexually abused by a parent.
The nurse must ensure that the client is in a safe environment and provide any necessary emotional support. The nurse should also provide education about the risks of sexually transmitted infections and the importance of seeking medical care if the client has any signs or symptoms. By assessing the client's physical and mental health, the nurse can ensure that the client is safe, understand the client's needs, and provide appropriate care.
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a child has ingested a bottle of over-the-counter medication and is brought into the emergency department by the parents. the nurse expedites rapid first aid for poisoning by immediately accessing what resource?
When treating a kid who has ingested over-the-counter medication-related poisoning, the nurse should call the Poison Control Center right away, the correct option is (A).
The Poison Control Center is a round-the-clock resource that offers prompt, knowledgeable information and direction on handling poisoning instances. The nurse can learn vital details regarding the medication used, its possible toxicity, and the proper first-aid procedures to be used by dialing the Poison Control Center. When to seek emergency medical attention can also be advised by the Poison Control Center, which can also, if necessary, contact the hospital or emergency response team on the nurse's behalf. Also, throughout the course of the poisoning occurrence, the Poison Control Center can offer the patient and the healthcare professional constant monitoring and support. All things considered, contacting the Poison Control Center is a crucial initial step in delivering prompt and efficient first assistance for poisoning in children.
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The complete question is:
A child has ingested a bottle of over-the-counter medication and is brought into the emergency department by the parents. The nurse expedites rapid first aid for poisoning by immediately accessing what resource?
A) Poison control center
B) Emergency response team
C) Parent's primary care physician
D) Online medical reference website
41. a 22-year-old patient with salmonella food poisoning is admitted to the hospital with diarrhea and dehydration. all of the following orders are received. which order will the nurse question? a. infuse lactated ringer's solution at 250 ml/hr. b. monitor blood urea, nitrogen, and creatinine daily. c. administer loperamide (imodium) after each stool. d. provide a clear liquid diet and progress diet as tolerated.
The order the nurse will question is c. administer loperamide (imodium) after each stool.
Explanation: The administration of Imodium (loperamide) should be questioned by the nurse since it might worsen the infection caused by Salmonella food poisoning since it inhibits the natural clearing of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract through bowel movements.
Lactated Ringer's solution is administered at 250 ml/hr to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, monitoring the blood urea nitrogen and creatinine level each day is important to check the kidney function, provide clear liquids, and progress the diet as tolerated is a good nutrition support.
Salmonella is an infection that causes diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps, and is usually spread to humans through contaminated food. Imodium, also known as loperamide, is a medication that helps to reduce the severity of diarrhea. It works by slowing down the activity of the gut, resulting in fewer bowel movements.
While this might be advantageous in certain cases of diarrhea, it can worsen infections caused by salmonella.
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the nurse is caring for an 11-year-old child with a primary open skin lesion. what action(s) will the nurse include in the plan of care to prevent infection in the child? select all that apply.
The measures the nurse can take to prevent infections in open skin lesions include washing your hands, sterile dressing, using warm, soapy water to clean the wound, disinfecting the surfaces in the child's room, and administering antibiotics to the child to treat or prevent infection.
let's look at the preventive measures in detail:
1. Cover the skin lesion with a sterile dressing to avoid contamination.
2. Keep the child from scratching the wound or pulling on the dressing to avoid additional injury to the skin lesion.
3. Wash your hands before and after treating the wound to avoid contamination of the wound from the hands.
4. Place the child in a room with negative pressure to reduce the risk of cross-contamination with airborne pathogens.
5. Disinfect the surfaces in the child's room and change the linen daily to keep the room sterile.
6. Administer antibiotics for the child to treat or prevent infection (only after consulting a physician).
7. Use warm, soapy water to clean the wound. This will assist in keeping the wound free of bacteria and other organisms that might cause infection. Also, it aids in removing any crust or debris from the wound that may cause irritation or infection in the wound.
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a 6-year-old child presents to the clinic with concerns for incontinence of stool. the nurse plans to assess the child to determine the cause of his encopresis. in what order should the nurse perform the assessments?
The first step that the nurse should perform during an assessment for encopresis is a complete medical history, followed by a physical exam. Next, the nurse should assess the child's bowel habits and eating patterns.
The nurse should also evaluate the child's rectal area for signs of physical problems that may contribute to encopresis. Finally, the nurse should assess the child's social and psychological functioning. Encopresis is a condition characterized by the involuntary soiling of underwear with fecal matter, which is usually caused by chronic constipation. Encopresis can occur in both children and adults, but it is more common in children between the ages of 4 and 10.
In order to determine the cause of encopresis, a nurse must perform a series of assessments on a 6-year-old child. The nurse must begin by taking a complete medical history of the child to identify any underlying medical conditions that may contribute to encopresis.
Next, the nurse should conduct a physical examination to evaluate the child's rectal area for signs of physical problems. The nurse should also assess the child's bowel habits and eating patterns to identify any nutritional deficiencies that may contribute to encopresis.
Finally, the nurse should assess the child's social and psychological functioning to determine if any psychological or social factors are contributing to the child's encopresis.
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Which of the following is NOT included in the Patient Bill of Rights?
1) Right to informed consent
2) Right to religious belief
3) Right to leave
4) Right to be seen after several no-show appointments
Answer:
4. Right to be seen after several no-show appointments
Explanation:
Issues that need to be addressed are patient competence, consent, right to refuse treatment, emergency treatment, confidentiality, and continuity of care. Proper awareness of the ethical principles and the ability to apply them to specific circumstances is relevant to all clinical specialties and settings.
The option that is not included in the Patient Bill of Rights is "Right to be seen after several no-show appointments," which is in Option 4. As the Patient Bill of Rights is a set of guidelines developed by the American Hospital Association,
What is the Patient Bill of Rights?The Patient Bill of Rights is a set of guidelines that were developed by the American Hospital Association to ensure that patients receive high-quality medical care and that their rights are respected while receiving care. The Patient Bill of Rights outlines various rights and responsibilities that patients have when receiving medical treatment. One of the rights included in the Patient Bill of Rights is the right to informed consent. This means that patients have the right to receive all relevant information about their medical condition, the right to leave, etc.
Hence, the option that is not included in the Patient Bill of Rights is the right to be seen after several missed appointments, which is Option 4.
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A 15-year-old adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit in ketoacidosis with a blood glucose level of 170 mg/dl (9. 4 mmol/l). The adolescent has a history of fluctuating blood glucose readings and difficulty adhering to the therapeutic regimen. A continuous insulin infusion is started. What adverse reaction to the infusion is most important for the nurse to monitor?
Answer:
Hypokalemia
Explanation:
After insulin treatment is initiated, potassium shifts intracellularly and serum levels decline. Replacement of potassium in intravenous fluids is the standard of care in treatment of DKA to prevent the potential consequences of hypokalemia including cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory failure.
an older adult client is scheduled to receive an enteric-coated tablet; however, the client is concerned the tablet is too big to swallow. what is the nurse's best action?
The nurse's best action when an older adult client is scheduled to receive an enteric-coated tablet and is concerned the tablet is too big to swallow is to contact the healthcare provider for further instructions.
Enteric-coated tablets are a type of medication that has a protective covering that keeps them from dissolving until they reach the small intestine. The coating helps to protect the medication from the stomach's acidic environment. A nurse is a healthcare professional who is responsible for providing patients with medical care, education, and support. Their role includes caring for patients of all ages, administering medication, monitoring vital signs, and recording medical history and symptoms. The nurse should contact the healthcare provider for further instructions because the patient's safety is paramount, and any medication administration should be carried out correctly. Contacting the healthcare provider would allow for a reassessment of the medication's dose, form, or administration route to ensure the patient's safety.
conclusion, the nurse's best action when an older adult client is scheduled to receive an enteric-coated tablet and is concerned the tablet is too big to swallow is to contact the healthcare provider for further instructions.
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a woman who gave birth to a healthy baby 5 days ago is experiencing fatigue and weakness, lasting for short periods each day. which condition does the nurse believe is causing this experience?
Based on the scenario given, a woman who gave birth to a healthy baby 5 days ago is experiencing fatigue and weakness, lasting for short periods each day, and the nurse believes that the condition causing this experience is: Postpartum fatigue.
A postpartum period or the period after childbirth is a time of many changes, both emotionally and physically. Some of these changes can be unpleasant or uncomfortable, and one of them is postpartum fatigue.
What is postpartum fatigue?Postpartum fatigue is characterized by the feeling of extreme tiredness or exhaustion that a mother experiences after childbirth. This happens when a woman's body tries to recover from the stress and trauma that occur during pregnancy and childbirth. New mothers may also experience lack of sleep, anxiety, and hormonal changes that can contribute to this condition.
What are the symptoms of postpartum fatigue?The symptoms of postpartum fatigue may include:
Feeling very tired or weak even after sleepingExtreme exhaustion or fatigue that lasts for more than two weeksDifficulty concentrating or thinking clearlyLack of energy or enthusiasm for anythingAn inability to get enough rest or sleep despite feeling tired or exhaustedThese symptoms usually begin within the first few days after childbirth and may last up to several weeks. However, most women start feeling better after two weeks. However, if the symptoms persist, it is recommended to consult a doctor.
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visceral fat, as indicated by abdominal circumference and lack of physical activity, appears to be a strong indicator of risk for which type of diabetes? group of answer choices prediabetes type-1 type-2 gestational
Visceral fat, as indicated by abdominal circumference and lack of physical activity, appears to be a strong indicator of risk for type-2 diabetes.
Diabetes is a group of chronic disorders marked by high blood sugar levels, either because the body cannot produce enough insulin or because the body cannot respond effectively to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. Visceral fat is stored in the abdominal cavity, and it surrounds several vital organs, including the liver, pancreas, and intestines. When these fat cells become excessively inflamed, the amount of insulin they produce decreases, increasing the risk of type-2 diabetes. Obesity, a lack of exercise, an unhealthy diet, and stress all contribute to the accumulation of visceral fat in the body. It is also associated with lack of physical activity, which can also increase risk for Type-2 diabetes. Prediabetes and Gestational diabetes are not associated with visceral fat or lack of physical activity.
However , Visceral fat, or fat stored around the abdomen, is a strong indicator of risk for Type-2 diabetes, due to its association with insulin resistance.
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which nursing interventions would the nurse implement when caring for a client newly diagnosed with acute, viral hepatitis b? select all that apply 1. offer small, frequent meals to prevent nausea 2. promote rest periods between periods of activity 3. provide a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates 4. teach the client not to share razors or tooth brushes with others 5. teach the client to abstain from drinking alcohol
The correct nursing interventions for a patient with acute, viral hepatitis B include providing small, frequent meals to avoid nausea, promoting rest periods between activity periods, teaching the client not to share razors or toothbrushes with others, and teaching the client to avoid alcohol consumption.
The correct option is number 1, 2, 4, and 5.
A nurse will provide small, frequent meals to the client in order to avoid nausea as a nursing intervention when caring for a patient who has recently been diagnosed with acute, viral hepatitis B. The correct option is number 1.
A nurse will encourage rest periods between activity periods as a nursing intervention when caring for a patient who has been recently diagnosed with acute, viral hepatitis B. The correct option is number 2.
A nurse will not suggest a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates when caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with acute, viral hepatitis B, as this is an incorrect diet. As a result, option 3 is not correct.
A nurse will teach the client not to share razors or toothbrushes with others as a nursing intervention when caring for a patient who has recently been diagnosed with acute, viral hepatitis B. The correct option is number 4.
A nurse will teach the patient to refrain from drinking alcohol as a nursing intervention when caring for a patient who has recently been diagnosed with acute, viral hepatitis B. The correct option is number 5, and this is the answer.
So, the correct option is number 1, 2, 4, and 5.
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a 75-year-old patient is hospitalized with sudden onset confusion and disorientation. the patient wanders and becomes agitated without any apparent stimulus. what is the highest priority nursing diagnosis?
The highest priority nursing diagnosis for a 75-year-old patient who is hospitalized with sudden onset confusion and disorientation, and who wanders and becomes agitated without any apparent stimulus is: Risk for Injury.
Risk for Injury is the most critical nursing diagnosis because patients who exhibit confusion, disorientation, and agitation are at increased risk of falls and other injuries. Nurses must develop and implement strategies to prevent falls, such as frequent checks, bed rails, and the use of alarms.
Risk for injury nursing diagnosis is not unique to elderly patients; it applies to patients of all ages who experience confusion and disorientation. Nurses must take specific steps to ensure patient safety by monitoring for potential hazards, addressing risk factors, and providing supervision as needed.
Aside from Risk for Injury, other nursing diagnoses may be applicable to this patient's condition, such as Acute Confusion or Risk for Falls. However, the most immediate and pressing concern is to reduce the patient's risk of injury. A thorough assessment is essential to determine the underlying cause of the patient's confusion and disorientation, and to develop a comprehensive care plan that addresses the patient's needs.
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a student nurse is preparing for a presentation that will illustrate the various physiologic changes in the woman's body during pregnancy. which cardiovascular changes up through the 26th week should the student point out?
The cardiovascular changes that a woman experiences during pregnancy up through the 26th week include increased heart rate, increased stroke volume, increased cardiac output etc.
The increased heart rate is due to the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy and an increase in oxygen demand. increased preload, increased peripheral vascular resistance, increased blood volume, increased serum cholesterol, and decreased aortic impedance are other cardiovascular changes. The increased stroke volume is also due to the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy, as well as the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the heart and blood vessels. The increased cardiac output is caused by the increased stroke volume and heart rate. The increased preload is due to the increased venous return of blood to the heart. The increased peripheral vascular resistance is due to increased levels of progesterone. The increased blood volume is due to the increased total circulating blood, which is caused by the increased plasma volume. The increased serum cholesterol is due to the higher estrogen levels associated with pregnancy.
Finally, the decreased aortic impedance is due to the increased diameter of the aorta during pregnancy. Thus, these are the various cardiovascular changes up through the 26th week .
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a client recovering from a cerebrovascular accident becomes easily disoriented. what should the nurse use to help with orienting this client to place and time? select all that apply.
It is important for the nurse to use a variety of strategies to help orient a client recovering from a cerebrovascular accident to place and time.
Here, correct option is A.
One strategy is to provide the client with a clock or calendar that is visible at all times. This helps to remind the client of the current date and time. Additionally, it is useful to provide a whiteboard with the current date and time listed on it. This can be updated regularly so the client is always aware of the current date and time.
The nurse can also use pictures of family and friends to remind the client of the people and places they know. Finally, it is important to ensure that the environment is familiar to the client with consistent routines and familiar objects.
Therefore, correct option is A.
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Complete question is :-
a client recovering from a cerebrovascular accident becomes easily disoriented. what should the nurse use to help with orienting this client to place and time? select all that apply.
A. cerebrovascular accident
B. Respiratory problem
C. heart attack
D. none
nurse observe in this patient? select all that apply selected answers: answers: a. rebound tenderness c. tachycardia d. localized pain in. abdomen distended, rigid a. rebound tenderness
When a nurse observes in this patient, which include rebound tenderness, tachycardia, localized pain in the abdomen, distended, and rigid. Rebound tenderness is one of the correct options.
Rebound tenderness is when pressing on an area causes pain to radiate from the area, usually indicating an underlying medical condition.
Tachycardia is an elevated heart rate, usually over 100 bpm. Localized pain in the abdomen is a sensation of pain in a specific area, which may be a sign of a medical condition.
Abdomen distention is a visible increase in the size of the abdomen due to fluid or air, while abdominal rigidity is when the abdomen becomes stiff and hard to the touch.
Rebound tenderness is a symptom that occurs when a patient experiences abdominal pain when a medical professional releases pressure from their abdomen. This means that when they press down on the patient's stomach and then release it quickly, the patient feels pain or discomfort.
This is a symptom that might indicate appendicitis or peritonitis, as well as other abdominal conditions.
Therefore, the correct option is Rebound tenderness.
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a 4-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with suspected acute lymphocytic leukemia (all). the nurse would prepare for which diagnostic study that can confirm this diagnosis?
The diagnostic study that can confirm the diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a form of leukemia characterized by the rapid production of immature white blood cells that grow abnormally in the bone marrow and other areas of the body.
In order to diagnose ALL, the following tests may be performed:
Bone marrow biopsy: A bone marrow biopsy is a procedure that involves removing a sample of bone marrow from a bone, such as the hipbone, using a needle.
Blood tests: A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test that can detect the presence of leukemia cells. The CBC also shows the number and shape of blood cells.
Blood smear: A blood smear is a test that involves staining a sample of blood and looking at it under a microscope.
Lumbar puncture A lumbar puncture is a procedure that involves removing a sample of cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal cord using a needle.
Biopsy of other organs, tissues from other organs can be biopsied to look for signs of leukemia cells. X-ray, CT scan, MRI, PET scan These tests help to determine the extent of the cancer and whether it has spread to other areas of the body.
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a pregnant woman diagnosed with syphilis comes to the clinic for a visit. the nurse discusses the risk of transmitting the infection to her newborn, explaining that this infection is transmitted to the newborn through the:
The pregnant woman diagnosed with syphilis is at risk of transmitting the infection to her newborn. This infection is transmitted to the newborn through the placenta.
This infection is transmitted to the newborn through the placenta. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. In the early stages, syphilis causes mild symptoms, but if left untreated, it can cause severe complications.
Syphilis symptoms are as follows :
Primary stage: One or more painless sores (chancres) develop in the genital area or the mouth.
Secondary stage: Rash, sore throat, and fever develop on the palms and soles.
Latent stage: The infection remains in the body, but no symptoms are present.
Tertiary stage: This stage is characterized by serious complications such as blindness, heart disease, and brain damage.
Syphilis is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. The bacteria enter the body through skin-to-skin contact with an infected sore or mucous membrane. Syphilis can also be transmitted from a mother to her baby during childbirth. When a pregnant woman is infected with syphilis, the bacteria can cross the placenta and infect the baby. Syphilis symptoms in newborns may include rash, sores on the genitals, fever, anemia, and swollen liver and spleen. If left untreated, syphilis can cause serious complications such as bone deformities, blindness, and brain damage.
Therefore, it is important for pregnant women to get tested for syphilis and treated if necessary to prevent transmission to the baby.
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the nurse is caring for an adolescent diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. which education will the nurse include in the client's discharge teaching?
The nurse would incorporate weight recovery and psychotherapy follow-up in the anorexia nervosa teaching plan.
What is nervosa anorexia?Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder marked by a distorted perception of one's body, a severe fear of obesity, and the inability to maintain a minimum normal weight that is within 15% of one's optimum body weight. Patients with this illness believe they are obese even when they are actually quite skinny.
What part does the nurse play in the care of anorexic patients?The nutritional health of patients must be monitored since eating problems can be fatal. Additionally, it's crucial to make sure kids maintain a healthy balance of electrolytes and vitamins.
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a patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. how should the nurse respond? indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of cigarette smoke and:
The nurse should respond to the patient by explaining that indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of the presence of cigarette smoke and other chemicals and pollutants that can become concentrated in enclosed spaces. This is due to the fact that indoor air is usually not circulated as frequently as outdoor air, leading to a buildup of pollutants in the air.
Indoor pollution is considered more harmful than outdoor pollution due to several reasons. Some of the primary causes of indoor pollution include cigarette smoke and radon.
Cigarette smoke produces harmful chemicals such as carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and benzene that can cause respiratory issues such as cough, asthma, and even cancer. Road pollution is made up of fumes from cars and other vehicles.
While these fumes can be harmful, they disperse into the environment, making them less concentrated, unlike indoor pollutants. Indoor pollutants are not dispersed into the environment, which causes them to concentrate, increasing their toxicity.
Inadequate ventilation in the house can cause the concentration of pollutants to increase, thereby causing respiratory problems, dizziness, headaches, and nausea.
It is crucial to note that poor indoor air quality can affect your overall health. Indoor pollution can cause or exacerbate respiratory illnesses, skin allergies, and eye irritations. As such, individuals should ensure their indoor air quality is healthy by keeping their homes well-ventilated, using non-toxic cleaning supplies, and avoiding cigarette smoke, among other things.
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a patient is known to experience somnambulism, as narrated by the family. why does the nurse plan an evaluation of this case by a sleep specialist?
The nurse plans an evaluation of a patient experiencing somnambulism, as narrated by the family, by a sleep specialist due to the the fact that somnambulism is a sleep disorder that causes people to walk or perform other activities while they are still asleep.
In most cases, it occurs during deep sleep. Sleepwalking may be caused by several factors, such as sleep deprivation, stress, or an underlying health condition. In order to diagnose the cause of somnambulism and recommend the best treatment options, it is important to undergo a sleep study. A sleep specialist can perform a sleep study, which includes monitoring the patient's brain waves, muscle activity, and breathing patterns while they sleep.
The specialist may also recommend other tests, such as blood tests or imaging tests, to identify any underlying health conditions that may be contributing to the patient's sleepwalking. Overall, an evaluation by a sleep specialist can help the nurse and the patient's family understand the underlying cause of the patient's somnambulism and recommend the best treatment options to prevent future episodes of sleepwalking.
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