How many moles of magnesium hydroxide, used to treat heartburn and indigestion, is
manufactured from the reaction of 2.55 moles of magnesium oxide and excess water?

These calculations indicate that the process's typical percent yield is roughly 4.06%.

The balanced chemical formula for the reaction of magnesium and oxygen to produce magnesium oxide is 2Mg + O2 2MgO.

Trial 1: Mg mass is equal to (0.404 g) (27.096 g - 26.692 g).

Test 2: Mg mass equals (26.999 g - 26.690 g) = 0.309 g

Calculated yield of MgO in Trial 1 is equal to 2 x (0.404 g Mg) x (1 mol MgO/2 mol Mg) x (40.31 g MgO/1 mol MgO) = 16.28 g MgO.

Calculated yield of MgO in Trial 2 is equal to 2 x (0.309 g Mg) x (1 mol MgO/2 mol Mg) x (40.31 g MgO/1 mol MgO) = 12.44 g MgO.

Trial 1's actual MgO production was 27.352 g - 26.692 g, or 0.66 g MgO.

Trial 2's actual MgO production was equal to 0.507 g MgO (27.197 g - 26.690 g).

Trial 1: The percentage of MgO yield is calculated as (0.66 g MgO/16.28 g MgO) x 100% = 4.05%.

Trial 2: MgO yield as a percentage is (0.507 g MgO/12.44 g MgO) times 100%, or 4.07%.

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When put in an electric and magnetic field, a subatomic particle's electric charge causes it to feel force.

When put in an electromagnetic field, matter experiences a force due to its physical characteristic known as electric charge. You can have a positive or negative electric charge (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively, by convention).

Unlike charges draw one another while like charges resist one another. Neutral refers to an item that carries no net energy. Classical electrodynamics, the name given to early understanding of how charged particles interact, is still correct for issues that do not call for taking into account quantum effects.

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3.65 x [tex]10^{14}[/tex] Hz of electromagnetic radiation is needed to promote an electron in a Bohr hydrogen atom from n = 2 to n = 4.

The following equation can be used to determine the frequency of electromagnetic radiation necessary to advance an electron from one energy level to another:

ΔE = hf

ΔE = -Rh[(1/n2²) - (1/n1²)]

When we solve for E using the value of Rh as a substitute, we obtain:

ΔE = -2.42 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J

The following results are obtained when we enter the value of E and Planck's constant into the equation for frequency:

3.65 x [tex]10^{14}[/tex] Hz for f = E/h = (-2.42 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J)/(6.626 x [tex]10^{-14}[/tex] J s)

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The molarity of a solution with 952 grams of ammonium carbonate dissolved to make 1750 ml of solution is: 0.54 mol/L.

The molarity of a solution can be calculated by dividing the amount of solute (in this case ammonium carbonate) by the volume of the solution. In this case, 952 grams of ammonium carbonate are dissolved in 1750 mL of solution. Therefore, the molarity of the solution can be calculated as follows:

Molarity = (952 g ammonium carbonate) / (1750 mL solution) = 0.54 mol/L

To calculate the molarity, first, we need to calculate the moles of ammonium carbonate. We can do this using the molar mass of ammonium carbonate, which is 53.49 g/mol. We divide the mass of ammonium carbonate by its molar mass to get the number of moles:

(952 g ammonium carbonate) / (53.49 g/mol) = 17.77 mol

Then, we divide this number by the volume of the solution (in liters):

(17.77 mol) / (1750 mL/1000 mL/L) = 0.54 mol/L

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.54 mol/L.

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The RK of methyl orange is 3.5, as it changes color from red to yellow at a pH of 3, and has its most intense color (yellow) at pH 6.

Methyl is an organic compound with a formula of CH3, which is a single carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. It is a type of hydrocarbon and is the simplest of all alkyl compounds. Methyl is a versatile molecule that can be found in a variety of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fragrances, and food additives. It is also used in the production of plastics, rubber, dyes, and other synthetic materials. Additionally, methyl is a key component of natural gas, oil, and coal, and can also be produced from biomass. In the body, methyl is used for a variety of biological processes, such as the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

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An animal's internal stimulus to feed in order to get the food needed for survival is called hunger.

Hunger is a natural drive that motivates animals to search for and consume food in order to meet their nutritional needs and maintain their health and well-being.

This internal stimulus is regulated by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that controls a variety of bodily functions, including hunger and satiety. When an animal's energy levels drop or its stomach is empty, the hypothalamus sends signals to the rest of the body to increase the desire for food.

Once the animal has eaten enough to satisfy its nutritional needs, the hypothalamus sends signals to decrease the desire for food and the animal stops eating. This process helps to ensure that animals get the nutrients they need to survive and maintain their health.

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Proton b's chemical shift, which will have the biggest leaning impact on both protons' impulses, is 10–14 Hz.

The leaning effect is determined by the magnitude of the coupling constant between protons a and b. The coupling constant is determined by the separation between the proton signals and the number of intervening bonds between them.

Protons that are separated by three bonds (i.e., are geminal) and have a coupling constant of 10-14 Hz produce the largest leaning effect In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the largest leaning effect is caused by the geminal protons coupling, with a coupling constant of 10-14 Hz.

When the coupling constant between protons is greater, the peak splitting on the NMR spectrum increases. The chemical shift for proton b that will give the largest leaning effect for the signals of both protons is 10-14 Hz.

The two protons are geminal, which means they are separated by three bonds. Hence, the coupling constant of 10-14 Hz produces the largest leaning effect.

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1 tonne of carbon dioxide has been dissolved in a sample of ocean water, which has a pH of 5.76.

The first step is to convert the given mass of carbon dioxide (1 ton) to moles. Since 1 ton = 2000 pounds, and 1 pound = 0.45 kilograms, 1 ton = 907.18 kilograms. To convert this to moles, we need to divide by the molar mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex], which is 44.01 g/mol.

Therefore, the number of moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] in 1 ton is [tex]\frac{ 907.18}{44.01} = 20.59 moles.[/tex]

Next, we need to convert the given volume of ocean water (1.0x10 gallons) to liters. Since 1 gallon = 3.785 liters, the given volume is [tex]3.785*10^{10}[/tex] liters.

Thus, the number of moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] per liter of ocean water is [tex]\frac{20.59}{3.785*10^{10}}= 5.45*10^{-10} moles/liter[/tex]

Now, we can calculate the pH of the sample.When carbon dioxide and sea water react, the equilibrium constant is ([tex]1.2*10^{-9}[/tex]) along with the acid dissociation constant (Ka.) for [tex]H_2CO[/tex] is ([tex]4.3*10^{-7}[/tex]). The pH of the sample can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

[tex]pH = pK_a + log(\frac{[base]}{[acid]})[/tex]

where [base] is the base's concentration ([tex]CO_2[/tex])and [acid] is the acid's concentration.([tex]H_2CO_3[/tex]). Since we already calculated the concentration of [tex]CO_2[/tex], We only have to determine the concentration of [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex],This is equivalent to the amount of [tex]CO_2[/tex] times the equilibrium constant:

[tex][H_2CO_3] = [CO_2] * K\\ = 5.45*10^{-10} moles/liter *1.2*10^{-9}\\ \\ = 6.54*10^{-19} moles/liter[/tex]

Now, we can plug all the values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH:

[tex]pH = -log(4.3*10^{-7}) + log(\frac{5.45*10^{-10}}{6.54*10^{-19}})\\pH= 5.76[/tex]

Therefore, the pH of the sample of ocean water with 1 ton of carbon dioxide dissolved in it is 5.76.

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The valence shell of Argon is completely filled, it is chemically stable, and it is not possible for it to gain or lose electrons to form chemical bonds with other Argon atoms.

Reason whether or a bond would be formed between two atoms of argon 18 is :

Two atoms of Argon (Ar) with atomic number 18 have completely filled outermost electron shells with 8 electrons in the valence shell (the highest energy level of electrons). The electronic configuration of Argon is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶, which means that the 3rd energy level (n=3) of Argon has 8 electrons in its valence shell.

Since the valence shell of Argon is completely filled, it is chemically stable, and it is not possible for it to gain or lose electrons to form chemical bonds with other Argon atoms. Therefore, two atoms of Argon cannot form a chemical bond with each other.

No, a bond will not be formed between two atoms of argon (Ar) 18. This is because Ar (18) is a noble gas, which means it has a full outer shell of electrons and does not need to form a bond in order to gain stability.

Hence, it can be concluded that no bond would be formed between two atoms of Argon (Ar).

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In this reaction, 20 liters of hydrogen gas must combine with 6.67 litres of nitrogen gas.

According to the reaction's chemical equation, 1 mole of nitrogen (N2) interacts with 3 moles of hydrogen (H2) to create 2 moles of ammonia (NH3).

This indicates that the reaction's nitrogen:hydrogen ratio is 1:3.

We may set up a percentage using this ratio to calculate the quantity of nitrogen gas required to react with 20 litres of hydrogen gas:

1/3 = x/20

where x is the number of liters of nitrogen gas needed.

Solving for x, we get:

x = (1/3) × 20 = 6.67 liters

Methane, also known as natural gas, can be replaced with hydrogen, a clean fuel. It is the most prevalent chemical element and is thought to make about 75% of the universe's mass. Many hydrogen atoms can be found in water, plants, animals, and, of course, people here on earth.

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1.58 107 is the value of Kc for the specified equilibrium. In a chemical equilibrium, Kc is the equilibrium constant expressed in terms of the reactant and product concentrations.

The following relationship must be used to determine Kc from Kp:

[tex]Kc = Kp (RT) n[/tex]

where n is the difference in the number of moles of gas between the reactants and products, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and R is the gas constant.

We can write: for the specified equilibrium.

[tex]Δn = (2+1) - 2 = 1[/tex]

Using the values in the equation as substitutes:

[tex]2.5 × 10^10 = Kc(RT)^1[/tex]

To find Kc, we can rearrange the equation as follows:

[tex]Kc = Kp / (RT) (RT)[/tex]

The temperature must be converted to Kelvin:

[tex]625 K = 352 °C + 273.15 = 625.15 K[/tex]

Using the values in the equation as substitutes:

[tex]Kc = (8.314 J/mol K) / [(625.15 K) (2.5 1010)]Kc = 1.58 × 10^7[/tex]

Hence, 1.58 107 is the value of Kc for the specified equilibrium.

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Temperature and thermal energy are intrinsic properties that do not depend on the amount of substance you have. Both of these properties depend only on the state of the system and the conditions it is subjected to.

Let's understand this in detail:

1. Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a system. The temperature of a substance is determined by measuring how much energy is required to raise its temperature by a certain amount.

2. Thermal energy is the total energy of the particles in a system, including both kinetic and potential energy. The amount of thermal energy a substance has depends on the temperature and the number of particles in the system. It is an extrinsic property of a system that depends on the amount of substance present. However, it's worth noting that thermal energy can also be expressed on a per-molecule or per-atom basis as internal energy, which is an intrinsic property. Internal energy is the total energy stored in the particles of a system and is independent of the amount of substance present.

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The mass of rust that will be produced would be 32,438 g or 32.44 kg.

The molecular weight of Fe2O3 is 159.69 g/mol.

The balanced equation for the rusting of iron is:

4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3

From the equation, 4 moles of iron react with 3 moles of oxygen to produce 2 moles of Fe2O3.

The weight of iron in 50 lb is:

50 lb = 22.68 kg = 22,680 g

One mole of Fe has a mass of 55.85 g, so 22,680 g of iron is:

22,680 g / 55.85 g/mol = 406.1 mol of Fe

From the balanced equation, 2 moles of Fe2O3 are produced for every 4 moles of Fe that reacts. So, the number of moles of Fe2O3 produced is:

(2/4) x 406.1 mol = 203.1 mol

The mass of Fe2O3 produced is:

203.1 mol x 159.69 g/mol = 32,438 g

Therefore, the weight of rust produced is 32,438 g or 32.44 kg.

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The diagram represents a nuclear fission reaction where a Uranium-235 nucleus absorbs a neutron, becomes unstable and splits into two fragments releasing energy and neutrons.

Nuclear fission is the process of splitting an atomic nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei with the release of energy, while nuclear fusion is the process of combining two or more atomic nuclei into a larger nucleus with the release of energy.

In a nuclear fission reaction, energy is released due to the conversion of a small amount of mass into a large amount of energy, in accordance with Einstein's famous equation E=mc^2. The release of energy occurs when the Uranium-235 nucleus splits into two fragments, releasing neutrons and gamma radiation in the process.

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three changes in the possible distributions of six gaseous particles within three interconnected boxes is Change 1 and Change 3 have the particles more concentrated in one box, which creates less disorder and therefore a lower entropy. So, the correct answer is Change 2.

Three changes in the possible distributions of six gaseous particles within three interconnected boxes. Part a which change has a positive δs are :

Change 1: Six particles in one box, zero particles in the other two boxes
Change 2: Two particles in each box
Change 3: Four particles in one box, one particle in each of the other two boxes
The change with a positive δS is Change 2. This is because entropy, represented by δS, is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. In Change 2, the particles are more evenly distributed among the three boxes, which creates more disorder and therefore a higher entropy.

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PROBABLE QUESTION WOULD BE

Consider these three changes in the possible distributions of six gaseous particles within three interconnected boxes. Part a which change has a positive δs (CHECK IMAGE)

Answer: 197.26 g Na2S2O3

Explanation:

64.3/103 (molar mass of NaBr)  X 2 moles Na2S2O3 X 158 (molar mass of Na2S2O3.

in H2C=CCl2: σ bonds = 3, π bonds = 1, in HOOC−COOH: π bonds = 0, σ bonds = 14, FHC=C=CHF: σ bonds= 7, π bonds = 2.

H2C=CCl2:

Number of σ bonds: 3 (2 C-H bonds and 1 C-Cl bond)

Number of π bonds: 1 (C=C double bond)

HOOC−COOH:

Number of σ bonds: 14 (8 C-H bonds, 4 C-O bonds, and 2 O-H bonds)

Number of π bonds: 0

FHC=C=CHF:

Number of σ bonds: 7 (4 C-H bonds, 2 C-F bonds, and 1 C-C bond)

Number of π bonds: 2 (2 C=C double bonds in the carbon ring)

In the molecule H2C=CCl2, there are three sigma bonds and one pi bond. The sigma bonds are formed due to the overlap of orbitals between the carbon atoms and hydrogen and chlorine atoms. The pi bond is formed by the sideways overlap of unhybridized p orbitals on the two carbon atoms in the double bond.

In the molecule HOOC−COOH, there are 14 sigma bonds and no pi bonds. The sigma bonds are formed due to the overlap of orbitals between the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. This molecule is an example of a carboxylic acid, and the two carboxyl functional groups are connected by a carbon-carbon single bond.

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Kp for the reaction [tex]N2(g) + 3H(g) + 2NH_3(g)[/tex] is 3.13 x 10⁻³

The gas ammonia (NH₃) is colourless and has a strong odour. Its molecular weight is 17.03 g/mol and it is composed of one nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms.

A balanced response is: [tex]3H2 + N2(g) = 2NH3 (g)[/tex]

The partial pressure of N₂ is x/4, the partial pressure of H₂ is 3x/4, the partial pressure of NH₃ is 0.6x, and the partial pressure of NO₂ is 0.226x. The total pressure is the sum of these partial pressures:

[tex]x/4 + 3x/4 + 0.6x + 0.226x = 50[/tex]

When we solve for x, we get x = 35.96 atm. Hence, we may calculate partial pressures:

PN₂ = 35.96/4 atm= 8.99 atm

PH₂ = 3(35.96)/4 atm= 26.98 atm

PNH₃ = 0.6(35.96) atm= 21.58 atm

PNO₂=0.226(35.96) atm= 8.12696 atm

Finally, we can calculate Kp using partial pressures:

Kp is equal to (PNH₃)₂ / (PN₂)(PH₂)₃ Kp is equal to (21.58)₂ / (8.99)(26.98)3 Kp is equal to 3.13 x 10⁻³

Hence, the Kp for the reaction [tex]N2(g) + 3H(g) 2NH_{3} (g)[/tex] is 3.13 x 10⁻³

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The air is cooled by the currents, which causes it to rise and warm when it crosses land. This warming causes the air to hydrate, then afterward precipitates as the air passes deeper inland.

The impacts of grasslands hitting the sea are typically astounding. Namibia and or the Western Sahara constitute the place where the African desert meets north Mediterranean Sea. Moreover, the Sahara extends eastward to the Red Sea. The Atacama Desert and the Pacific Ocean meet strikingly in northern Chile.

Cold ocean currents that move near the shore drive coastal deserts to emerge. The air is stabilised by the chilly winds, which also prevent cloud development. It produces a significant amount of fog. A dense blanket of minute water droplets which are too light to disperse as rain makes up a fog.

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The properties of metals and nonmetals are different, and these differences can be used to differentiate between them. Here are some characteristics that can be used to identify whether a particle is a metal or a nonmetal:

Physical appearance: Generally, metals are shiny, lustrous, and have a metallic luster. Nonmetals, on the other hand, are typically dull, lack luster, and are not shiny.

Conductivity: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, while nonmetals are poor conductors.

Malleability and ductility: Metals are generally malleable and ductile, meaning they can be easily shaped or drawn into wires. Nonmetals, however, are brittle and not malleable or ductile.

Chemical properties: Metals tend to form positive ions, while nonmetals tend to form negative ions.

By examining these properties, it is possible to differentiate between metals and nonmetals.

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Two main types of elements with different characteristics are metals and nonmetals. By looking at a particle's physical and chemical characteristics, one may tell if it is a metal or nonmetal.

The following characteristics of metals and nonmetals can be used to distinguish them: Physical Characteristics Nonmetals are drab and lack a metallic shine, whereas metals are often brilliant and have one. Metals can usually be easily formed into various shapes because they are malleable and ductile. Nonmetals have a tendency to break readily and are fragile. Nonmetals are weak conductors of heat and electricity compared to metals. Except for mercury, metals are typically solid at room temperature. At room temperature, nonmetals might be solid, liquid, or gas.

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Option (B) is correct. Barium sulfate is insoluble in water and form a precipitate when 3M HCL and 0.1 BaCL2 are added.

In the solution we will be having, H+, Cl-, Ba2+, Na+ and SO42- ions.

HCL ----------> H+ + Cl-.

BaCl2 -------> Ba2+ + 2Cl-.

Na2SO4 -----> 2Na+ + SO42-.

The ions react each other and we get,

Ba2+ + SO42- ---------> BaSO4. Barium sulfate is known as the inorganic compound. This is a white crystalline solid which is odorless and insoluble in water. Barium sulfate occurs as the mineral barite which is the main commercial source of barium and materials prepared from it. It is insoluble in water it would form a precipitate.

Precipitation is defined as the process of transforming a dissolved substance into an insoluble solid from a super-saturated solution. The solid formed is called the precipitate in an aqueous solution.

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The complete question is,

When 3 M HCL and 0. 1 m BaCl2 are added to a solution of Na2 SO4,

A. no precipitate will form because BaSO4 is soluble in water

B. a precipitate will form because BaSO4 is insoluble in water

C. a precipitate will form because Na2SO4 is soluble in water

D. no precipitate will form because Na2SO4 is insoluble in water

No, cyclohexane would not behave similarly to water toward the charged rod.

Let's understand this in detail:

1. The primary reason for this difference is the polarity of the two substances. Water is a polar molecule, while cyclohexane is non-polar.

2. Polarity plays a crucial role in interacting with the charged rod. Polar molecules, like water, have a separation of charges due to the difference in electronegativity between their constituent atoms, which leads to the formation of a dipole moment.

3. This dipole moment allows water molecules to align themselves and interact with the charged rod, causing them to be attracted or repelled based on the charge of the rod.

4. Contrastingly, cyclohexane, a non-polar molecule, has an even distribution of electrons and no dipole moment. Therefore, it does not have a charge separation and cannot align or interact with the charged rod in the same way as water molecules.

5. This lack of interaction with the charged rod means that cyclohexane will not behave similarly to water in this scenario.

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Answer: D.

Explanation: it is an opportunity within the Earth's crust.

The molarity of the HCl solution is 1.50 M if 30.0 mL of 0.500 M KOH is required to neutralise 10.0 mL of unknown concentration of HCl.

Knowing the number of moles of solute present in 1 L (103 mL) of solution is known as knowing the molarity. Thus, 0.50 moles of potassium hydroxide are needed for a total neutralisation.

KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O

moles KOH = volume x molarity = 30.0 mL x 0.500 mol/L = 0.0150 mol

HCl molarity is calculated as moles / volume HCl.

We are given the volume of HCl as 10.0 mL, which is equivalent to 0.0100 L.

moles HCl = moles KOH = 0.0150 mol

molarity HCl = moles HCl / volume HCl = 0.0150 mol / 0.0100 L = 1.50 M

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A sea breeze and a land breeze are both caused by differences in temperature and pressure between the land and sea.

During the day, the land heats up more quickly than the water, so the air above the land becomes warmer and less dense than the air above the sea. This causes a low-pressure zone to form over the land and a high-pressure zone to form over the sea. The cooler, denser air over the sea then moves inland to replace the rising warm air, creating a sea breeze.

During the night, the opposite occurs. The land cools more quickly than the sea, so the air above the land becomes cooler and denser than the air above the sea. This causes a high-pressure zone to form over the land and a low-pressure zone to form over the sea. The cooler, denser air over the land then moves offshore to replace the rising warm air, creating a land breeze.

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Answer:

So the correct answer is option (C) 7.2 moles.

Explanation:

According to the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of C2H6:

C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

The stoichiometric coefficients tell us that 1 mole of C2H6 reacts with 3 moles of O2 to produce 2 moles of CO2.

To determine how many moles of CO2 are produced from 3.6 moles of C2H6, we need to use stoichiometry. We can set up a proportion using the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation:

3.6 mol C2H6 / 1 x 2 mol CO2 / 1 mol C2H6 = 7.2 mol CO2

Therefore, 7.2 moles of CO2 are produced during the complete combustion of 3.6 moles of C2H6.

So the correct answer is option (C) 7.2 moles.

Answer:

I forgot dude sorry so sorry

Answer:

255 grams of ammonia

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ammonia and water:

NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH-

From this equation, we can see that one molecule of ammonia reacts with one molecule of water to produce one hydroxide ion (OH-) and one ammonium ion (NH4+). Therefore, we need the same number of molecules of ammonia as water to form the products.

So, if we have 9.09X^23 molecules of water, we need the same number of molecules of ammonia:

9.09X^23 molecules of NH3

To calculate the mass of ammonia required, we need to use the molar mass of ammonia, which is approximately 17 g/mol:

1 mol of NH3 = 17 g

To convert the number of molecules of NH3 to grams, we need to use Avogadro's number:

1 mol = 6.022 × 10^23 molecules

Therefore, the mass of ammonia required is:

9.09X^23 molecules of NH3 * (1 mol/6.022 × 10^23 molecules) * 17 g/mol

= 2.55 × 10^2 g or 255 grams (rounded to two significant figures)

So, we need 255 grams of ammonia to form 9.09X^23 molecules of water.

To determine the relative activities of X, Y, and Z, you could complete a galvanic cell experiment.

Start by combining a small chip of X and a small chip of Y in a beaker of distilled water, then connect the two chips with a copper wire. Next, place the two dropper bottles containing solutions of [tex]XC^{12}[/tex] (aq) and [tex]ZC^{12}[/tex] (aq) in a separate beaker of distilled water, then connect the two bottles with a copper wire. Finally, connect the two beakers with a copper wire, and measure the voltage created by the circuit. The greater the voltage generated, the greater the activity of the metal, meaning the metal with the highest voltage is the most active.

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Answer:

Explanation:

On the reactants side, we have:

4 iron

6 oxygen

On the products side, we have:

2 iron

3 oxygen.

This is now pretty easy, as it is clear that the reactants = 2×products

Thus, we need 2Fe₂O₃ to balance the equation