Consider the separate stages of an animal virus life cycle. Assemble a list of structures and processes that are unique to the virus and would make good drug targets for an antiviral agent. Explain your rationale for each choice.
Answer:
Explanation:
In order to make an antiviral agent, we need to find good drug targets, that is, to find structures and processes that are only present in the virus, so there is no harm on human cells when this antiviral agent is being applied.
In the virion of a naked virus, only nucleic acid and protein are present forming the nucleocapsid. The nucleic acid and proteins of the capsid, specially, are found only in the virus and therefore make good drug targets. For example, we can express antibodies to recognize the proteins of the capsid and guide the immune system to destroy them.
Although virus particles are metabolically inert, one or more key enzymes are present within the virion in some viruses, for example, the reverse transcriptase. This enzyme is only found in viruses and if we find a way to inhibit the activity of this reverse transcriptase, like for example finding a competitor substrate, the virus will not be able to synthesize the DNA needed for its replication.
Regarding processes in the virus life cycle, they all have similar steps: first the attachment of the viral particle onto the cell, then the penetration of the virus, then the synthesis of early and intermediate enzymes using the host cell machinery, and finally the assembly of these viral components and lysis of the host cell to release new viral particles.
The attachment of a virion to a host cell is a highly specific process. Recognition proteins on the virus recognize specific receptors on the host cell. Substances that compete with the virion for these specific receptors can be used. If there is no attachment, there is no infection.
A brown mouse is crossed with a heterozygous black mouse if the mother has a litter of four what are the chances of one of them being brown
Answer:
I used a Punnet Square to determine what percentage of 1 of the mice would be brown.
Explanation:
I have a question regarding construction building code ? can you help?
If a woman is heterozygous for widow's peak
(widow's peak is dominant over a smooth hairline) has children with a man with a smooth hairline, what
are the possible phenotypes of their children?
It is impossible to determine the possible phenotypes.
O All of their children will have a widow's peak.
O None of their children will have a widow's peak.
It is possible for their children to either have widow's peak or a smooth hairline.
Answer:
It is possible for their children to either have widow's peak or a smooth hairline.
Explanation:
Let's say that the widow's peak allele is W (dominant) and the smooth hairline is w (recessive).
A woman heterozygous for widow's peak is Ww. A man with a smooth hairline must have two copies of the smooth allele since it is a recessive trait, so he must be ww.
The cross is Ww x ww
W w
w Ww ww
w Ww ww
There is a 50% chance that the children will have the genotype Ww, and therefore have a widow's peak. There is a 50% chance the children will be ww, and will therefore have a smooth hairline.
So, It is possible for their children to either have widow's peak or a smooth hairline.
Scientific studies show that identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different homes may vary in height, weight, and intelligence. The most probable explanation for these differences is that
Answer:
Their height and weight will differ depending on there diet, one might be smarter than the other naturally but as their were in different home they will have different ways of comprehending it
Explanation:
I hope that helped
Identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different homes may vary in height, weight and intelligence
Why difference is observed in height and weight?It is because of the different diet they are taking.The difference can be due to both quality and quantity.It is also because of exercise.The twin with good diet and exercise has appropriate weight.While the one with sedentary habit is over-weight.Why is the difference observed in intelligence?The intelligence not only depends on genetics it also depends on environment.It depends on factors like education, surrounding influences, etc.To learn more about education, height, weight, and intelligence here,
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Rachal Corporation produces and sells a single product whose selling price is $150.00 per unit and whose variable expense is $57.00 per unit. The company's monthly fixed expense is $381,300.
Required:
a. Assume the company's monthly target profit is $9,300. Determine the unit sales to attain that target profit. Show your work!
b. Assume the company's monthly target profit is $18,600. Determine the dollar sales to attain that target profit. Show your work!
Answer:a) if the company's monthly target profit is $9,300, 4,200 units sales is needed
b) if the company's monthly target profit is $18,600, 4,300 units sales is needed
Explanation:
Using The Contribution Margin Approach:
Contribution Margin = Sales expense - variable expense
=$150.00 - $57.00
=$93
Contribution Margin Ratio= Contribution Margin/ sales expense x 100
=93/150 x 100
= 62%
Assume the company's monthly target profit is $9,300.
A) Sales to attain the target profit = [(Fixed expenses + Target profit) ÷ Contribution Margin ratio]
= ($381,300. + $9,300) ÷ 0.62
$390,600 ÷ 0.62
= $630,000
No. of units to be sold =Sales to attain the target profit/ selling price
$630,000/$150.00
=4,200 units
Assume the company's monthly target profit is $18,600
B) Sales to attain the target profit = [(Fixed expenses + Target profit) ÷ Contribution Margin ratio]
= ($381,300. + $18,600 )÷ 0.62
$399,900 ÷ 0.62
= $645,000
No. of units to be sold =Sales to attain the target profit/ selling price
$645,000/$150.00
=4,300 units
Which is not a unique property of water
Answer:
A
Explanation:
All of the other options are specific to water, but quite a few liquids cool off a lot faster than water.
water cools very rapidly is not a unique property of water. Thus option A is correct.
what are the properties of water molecule ?It has no taste, odor, or transparency, where the nucleus of the oxygen atom attracts electrons strongly than the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms.
In water molecule oxygen is more electro negative and electron-greedy than hydrogen, results in the development of a partial negative charge on the oxygen of the water and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen end.
Water shows strong cohesive property where the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind is referred to as cohesion.
Surface tension is defined as the tendency of the surface to resist rupture when they are subjected to stress due to cohesive forces.
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Your question was incomplete, so the complete question is
Which is not a unique property of water
A) water cools very rapidly
B) frozen water floats on liquid water
C) water molecules stick to each other through hydrogen bonds
D) water covered most of the earths surface and retains a large amount of heat
if a sample contains 20g of an isotope that has a half life of 1000 years how much will be left after 2000 years
After 2000 years, there will be 5g of the isotope remaining.
What is an isotope?If an isotope has a half-life of 1000 years, it means that after 1000 years, half of the original sample will have decayed. After another 1000 years (2000 years total), half of the remaining sample will have decayed, and so on.
To calculate how much of the sample will be left after 2000 years, we can use the following formula:
[tex]N = N_{0} * (1/2)^ (t/T)[/tex]
where:
N = the amount of the isotope remaining after time t
N0 = the initial amount of the isotope
t = the time that has elapsed
T = the half-life of the isotope
Plugging in the values from the problem, we get:
N = 20g * (1/2)^(2000/1000)
N = 20g * (1/2)^2
N = 20g * 1/4
N = 5g
Therefore, after 2000 years, there will be 5g of the isotope remaining.
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Humans deplete the most resources when
Answer:
Resource depletion is the consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished. Natural resources are commonly divided between renewable resources and non-renewable resources (see also mineral resource classification). Use of either of these forms of resources beyond their rate of replacement is considered to be resource depletion. The value of a resource is a direct result of its availability in nature and the cost of extracting the resource, the more a resource is depleted the more the value of the resource increases. There are several types of resource depletion, the most known being: Aquifer depletion, deforestation, mining for fossil fuels and minerals, pollution or contamination of resources, slash-and-burn agricultural practices, Soil erosion, and overconsumption, excessive or unnecessary use of resources.
Resource depletion is most commonly used in reference to farming, fishing, mining, water usage, and consumption of fossil fuels. Depletion of wildlife populations is called defaunation.
Explanation:
In a direct variation, y=39 when x=3. Find the value of y when x=2.
1.) 58.5
2.) 26
3.) 02
4.) 3
A cell has chloroplasts, numerous ribosomes, an endoplasmic reticulum, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this?
Answer:
The cell with chloroplasts, abundant ribosomes, plus an endoplasmic reticulum, and a cell wall is of the plant cell type.
Explanation:
Plant cells are eukaryotic cells found in all plants, with specific characteristics given their ability to be autotrophic and use solar energy to synthesize their nutrients. The presence of many ribosomes and a developed endoplasmic reticulum is due to their high capacity for plant protein synthesis.
One characteristic that differentiates plant and animal cells is the presence of a cell wall, which surrounds the cell membrane, and chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are responsible for making the process of photosynthesis possible.
The descriptive term for plants that are sturcturally adapted to withstand protracted dry conditions is ___________.
Answer:
Xerophytic
Explanation:
It is xerophytic and it is gotten from Greek word, Xeros( dry) and phutons(plants). It is an adaptive term that is use to describe plants species that posses structural adaptive features which make them to adapt and survive in areas where there is little water or dry region like desert, or area covered with ices by possessing some mechanism which help them to reduce water loss or concerns water. Examples include cactus, pineapple and some Gymnosperm plants. Some of these plants species posses extensive root system and their leaves are reduced to cacti which does not support water loss.
Predict the effects of injuries to the following structures: Cerebellum, Pons, Thalamus
Answer:
Explanation:
if cerebellum become injured then problems occur in those activities of the body which are controlled by cerebellum like speeching,thinking,learning and sensation of sound and light.
if pons become injured then problems occur in those activities of the body which are controlled by pons like inspiration expiration biological and rhythm.
thalamus control pleasure and fear feelings so if thalamus become injured then problems occur in pleasure and fear feelings
help! my mom said im grounded if I don't get a good grade
Answer:
I think c
Step-By-Step equation
sorry if u get it wrong i tried my best
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From cells to major organ systems, the architecture of the body and the functions the body can perform are very closely related. Can you identify body cells, tissues, organs, systems that demonstrate this relationship and discuss its significance?
Explanation:
body cells- intake the nutrients and specialized into to carry function.
tissues- have similar structure to function well in body like, connective tissue, muscle
organs- carry different identity of function in body like, heart(to pump blood) kidney( for filter and excrete wastes
Laws have been enacted to regulate cigarette labeling and advertising. What is this an example of?
an impact of changing scientific knowledge on society
the interrelationship of science and technology
an influence of society on scientific progress
the changing nature of scientific knowledge
Answer: B
Explanation: Society is basically a community of people and the way they live. The study on smoking is definitely science. So it would be b.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
I'm pretty sure it's A :)
why does individual commit crime?
People commit crimes for many different reasons. whether it is for the excitment and thrill of it or whether they were forced to or peer preasured on by another person. Maybe they robbed a bank cause they needed money or they were under the influence of drugs or alchohol
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. It allows some substances to enter and leave the cell unrestricted while others are restricted. Some toxins produced by certain bacteria cross the plasma membrane, interfering with normal chemical reactions, and ultimately killing the affected cell. Why are cells unable to stop the flood of these harmful substances into the cell
Answer:
There are specific receptors present on the surface of the normal cell membrane to recognize the molecules to allow them to pass or not. Most of the bacterial toxin are water-soluble molecules, and bound to the cell surface and interact with them as some time antibody-antigen interaction or cell recognition does not occur that form a pore in the cell membrane and toxins move into the cell.
Once toxins enter the cell they attack intracellular targets through endocytic vesicles. Ultimately these ends in cell death.
The cells are not able to stop the flow of the mentioned harmful substances into the cell as they fail to recognize them as foreign entities. These foreign toxins have intracellular targets with which they bind and lead to death of the cell.
Cell death due to foreign toxins:The plasma membrane is formed of lipids. The toxins produced by the bacterial cells are water soluble. Therefore, they identify particular receptors on the membrane and associate with them. Thus, cell at certain occasions fail to identify them as foreign entities.
They combine with the plasma membrane of the cell and induce pore formation, however, there are many toxins that invade the cell and possess intracellular targets via endocytic vesicles. With the help of these vesicles, they deliver their enzymatic domain into the cytosol and results in the death of the cell by obstructing the metabolism of the cell.
Thus, cells fail to identify the bacterial toxins as foreign entities and they invade the cell and results in cell death.
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Which type of sensory receptors monitor position and movement of the body?
A. Photoreceptors
B. Chemoreceptors
C. Proprioceptors
D. Exteroceptors
The answer is Proprioceptors.
C is the correct answer my guy
DNA TO PROTEIN
How is DNA used to “make” Proteins?
OCA2 Gene:
ATA CTC TAC CTT GAG CCG
Answer:
The recombinant vesiculoviruses can also be inactivated for use as killed vaccines. ... 102000004163 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Human genes 0.000 claims ... Proteins 0.000 claims description 54; 101710002679 OCA2 Proteins 0.000 ... CCA TTC AAT ATA GGT CTT TAC AAG GGA ACG ATT GAG CTC ACA ATG ...
Explanation:
The virus thus constructed can be used as an immunization vaccine against measles ... 108090000626 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Proteins 0.000 claims ... Proteins 0.000 claims description 37; 102100016028 P protein Human genes ... Trp Trp 480 485 490 gct gag caa gat tct ccg ttc tgc ttc ctt gcg ttc tgc ttt gag tac 1539 ...
STATION 4 Cell Theory Select the answer choice with increasing levels of organization. R. Tissue, Organ System, Organ, Population S. Cell. Tissue. Organelles, Organ System T. Cell. Tissue, Organ, Organ System V. Organ System, Organ, Cell, Tissue
Answer:
The answer is S.