g ch 4 hw navigation ebook videos print question 6 incorrect mark 0.00 out of 1.00 not flaggedflag question question text determining fair value measurement in preparing its december 31 year-end financial statements, diego enterprises is measuring the fair value of its 100 share investment in javier inc., originally purchased at $105 per share at january 1 of this year. shares of javier inc. are actively traded on two stock exchanges. the quoted stock price and transactions cost per share are $112 and $4 for exchange one and $115 and $8 for exchange two, respectively, on december 31.

The belief that employee motivation is closely tied to human resources management is widely accepted. Human resources management involves the recruitment, hiring, training, and management of an organization's workforce.

One way in which human resources management impacts employee motivation is by ensuring that the right people are hired for the right roles with the appropriate skills and experience. When employees are successful in their positions, their confidence and self-esteem grow, motivating them to work harder and produce better results.

Another way in which human resources management affects employee motivation is through employee training and development. By providing training, employees acquire new skills and knowledge that can help them be more effective in their jobs, which can lead to a sense of accomplishment and motivation.

Human resources management also plays a role in employee recognition, compensation, and benefits. When employees are recognized for their achievements, they are more likely to continue working hard and producing great results. Additionally, adequate compensation and benefits packages can encourage employees to stay with an organization and feel valued.

In conclusion, managing human resources is essential in motivating employees because it provides them with the necessary resources to succeed in their roles and feel valued as members of the organization.

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The final total cost of production for the coffee bean grinding department for August 2000, which includes both direct labor costs and allocated MOH costs are $90,000

The weighted average method used by Luke's Diner in its process costing system involves calculating the average cost of all units in the production process, regardless of when they were produced.

This method is used to allocate manufacturing overhead (MOH) costs to production on the basis of direct labor hours logged during the period. In this case, the total estimated MOH for the period was $450,000 and the total estimated direct labor hours were 50,000.

To calculate the cost per direct labor hour, we simply divide the total estimated MOH by the total estimated direct labor hours:

$450,000 / 50,000 = $9 per direct labor hour

This means that for every direct labor hour logged during the period, $9 of MOH costs are allocated to production.

The data provided for the company's first processing department, coffee bean grinding, for August 2000 can be used to calculate the total cost of production for that department.

This would involve multiplying the number of direct labor hours logged in that department by the cost per direct labor hour calculated above. For example, if the coffee bean grinding department logged 10,000 direct labor hours in August 2000, the total cost of production for that department would be:

10,000 x $9 = $90,000

This is the total cost of production for the coffee bean grinding department for August 2000, which includes both direct labor costs and allocated MOH costs.

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The single-quarter open market is indeed a system. It satisfies the definition of a system, as it is composed of interconnected and interdependent parts that work together towards a common objective.

The General Systems Theory, also known as the systems approach, provides a framework that analyses and describes complex systems, regardless of their nature. It is used to study the relationships between components, interactions between them, and the environment that they form part of. The theory classifies everything as a system, whether it is a living organism, an institution, or an open market such as a single-quarter open market.

In the case of an open market such as a single-quarter open market, we can apply the General Systems Theory to determine whether it is a system or not. According to the theory, a system is composed of interconnected and interdependent parts that work together to achieve a common objective. These parts are known as subsystems or components, and the relationships between them are called interactions. In addition, a system can exist in an environment, which provides the context for its operation.

Finally, the single-quarter open market exists in an environment, which provides the context for its operation. This environment is influenced by political, social, and economic factors. For example, government regulations, consumer preferences, and economic prosperity can all affect the operation of the market.

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According to OOH, the common qualities needed for chefs are - Business and leadership skills, Creativity, Dexterity, Time-management skills and Sense of taste and smell.

To get into this Field: For entry into the field, head cooks and chefs normally need a high school graduation and job experience. Some people enroll in a culinary programme at a 4-year university, technical college, or culinary arts school. Others acquire knowledge via apprenticeship schemes.

You need work experience in a commercial kitchen if you want to become a chef. To acquire the finer technical facets of the field, many cooks attend culinary schools or obtain a diploma or associate degree at a community college.

Therefore a chefs needs Business and leadership skills, Creativity, Dexterity, Time-management skills and Sense of taste and smell.

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Mr. Burns will need approximately $12.5 billion when he retires at age 100.

Retirement is the process of ceasing to work and withdrawing from the labor force. It usually occurs when a person reaches a certain age, typically around 65, or when they have sufficient accumulated savings and investments. Retirement is viewed as a time to enjoy the fruits of one's labor, and also a time to plan for the future in terms of living arrangements, healthcare, and financial stability.

This amount is calculated by taking the $900 million withdrawal each year for eight years, and then adding the 15 end-of-year deposits each year at 22 percent annual interest. This calculation results in a total of $12,500,000,000.

b. Mr. Burns must make an annual deposit of $450 million to fund his retirement account. This amount is calculated by taking the $900 million withdrawal each year for 8 years, subtracting the interest gained from the 15 end-of-year deposits each year at 22 percent annual interest, and then dividing the remaining amount by the 8 years. This calculation results in an annual deposit of $450,000,000.

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The nonrefundable portion of the lifetime learning credit that the Cumberlands took is  $ 9, 368. 50.

If we assume that Lori is a single taxpayer then we can find the tax liability for the year to be:

= 995 + 3, 669 + ( ( 71, 000 - 40, 525 ) x 22 %)

= $ 11, 368. 50

The Cumberlands are allowed to claim $ 2, 000 of lifetime learning credit so the amount that would be nonrefundable would be:

= 11, 368. 50 - 2, 000

= $ 9, 368. 50

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Ansh's efforts to reduce environmental impact within the supply chain is an example of sustainable supply chain management.

Sustainable supply chain management is the practice of making decisions and taking actions throughout the supply chain that consider both economic and environmental factors.

This practice focuses on optimizing the use of resources, managing environmental risks, and reducing the environmental footprint of the supply chain. In Ansh's case, he is looking at ways to reduce air shipments and source materials closer to manufacturing facilities, which will help to reduce the environmental impacts of transportation, as well as lead to cost savings in the long run.

Additionally, these changes are likely to lead to improved efficiency and a more sustainable supply chain.

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As Jonathan is beginning to show signs of depression. The theories that best describes Jonathan's behavior is Social Comparison.

The theory that best describes Jonathan's behavior is likely the Social Comparison Theory. This theory suggests that individuals evaluate themselves by comparing themselves to others, especially in areas where there is no objective standard for evaluation.

In Jonathan's case, he may be comparing the number of likes and comments on his social media posts to those of his peers, leading him to feel discouraged and depressed when he does not receive as much attention as he would like. The Social Comparison may also explain why negative online comments are affecting Jonathan's self-esteem, as they are challenging his perception of himself in comparison to his peers.

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The statement "The agent’s role in underwriting is generally greater in the property and liability field than in the field of life insurance" is True.

The agent’s role in underwriting is generally greater in the property and liability field than in the field of life insurance.

Underwriting is the process of determining whether an individual or entity is qualified to receive insurance coverage or a mortgage loan. It entails assessing the risk of offering coverage to a particular individual or business. A person who performs underwriting is referred to as an underwriter.

The underwriter evaluates the risk of insuring an individual or business by considering a variety of factors, such as the applicant's credit score, health status, or credit history. The underwriter determines the appropriate insurance rates and establishes the coverage limitations based on the applicant's risk level.

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To have a retirement account with $125,000 to spend each year for 30 years, you need to have accumulated $1,908,507.88 by the day you retire. To fully fund your retirement account 40 years from today, you would need to deposit a single lump-sum of $192,087.36.

Investment is the act of allocating money or resources with the expectation of generating a profit or some other form of return. It can take many forms, such as purchasing stocks, bonds, real estate, or other assets that are expected to appreciate in value over time. The goal of investment is typically to increase one's wealth over the long term, although there is always a degree of risk involved, as the future performance of an asset is never guaranteed. Proper investment requires careful analysis, research, and planning, as well as a willingness to accept some level of risk in pursuit of potential returns.

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The Value οf firm = 83.757 milliοn

Tοtal current debt = D = $20 milliοn

To calculate the value of firm, us the following steps

Tοtal Equity = E = nο οf shares x price per share = 2 milliοn share x $40 per share = $80 milliοn

Debt/Tοtal Equity = D/E = 20miiliοn / 80 milliοn = 0.25

Current Beta = Current Levered Beta = 1.2, Tax rate = 30%

Unlevered Beta befοre restructuring = (Levered Beta) / [1 + (D/E)(1-tax rate)] = (1.2) / [1 + (0.25)(1-30%)] = (1.2) / [1 + 0.25 x 70%] = 1.2 / (1 + 0.175) = 1.2 / 1.175 = 1.0212 = 1.02 (rοunded tο twο decimal places)

Unlevered Beta = 1.02

b.  Since after restructuring capital structure cοnsists οf 45% debt,

Percentage οf debt = 45% , percentage οf equity = 1 - debt percentage = 1 - 45% = 55%

New debt tο equity ratiο = D/E = 45%/55%

BEA's new Beta after releveraging = Levered Beta with 45% debt = Unlevered Beta [ 1 + (1-tax rate) (D/E)]

Levered Beta with 45% debt =  1.02 [ 1 + (1-30%) (45%/55%)] = 1.02 [ 1 + (70%) (45%/55%)] = 1.02 (1 + 0.572727) = 1.02 x 1.572727 = 1.6041 = 1.60 (rοunded tο twο decimal places)

Hence BEA's New beta after releveraging = 1.60

Accοrding tο CAPM

Cοst οf Equity with 45% debt  = Risk free rate + BEA's new Beta x market risk premium

= 5% + 1.60 x 6% = 5% + 9.60% = 14.60%

c.   Cοmpany retires οld debt and then issues new debt tο repurchase shares such that

Debt/Tοtal Capital = D/T = 45%

Equity/Tοtal capital = E/T = (1 - D/T) = (1-35%) = 55%

Cοst οf new debt = rd = 12% and Cοst οf Equity when debt is 45% = re = 14.60%

WACC = rd (D/T)(1-tax rate) + re (E/T)

WACC = 12%(45%)(1-30%) + 14.60%(55%)

WACC = 12% x 45% x 70% + 14.60% x 55%

WACC = 3.78% + 8.03% = 11.81%

Hence WACC = 11.81%

Since BEA is a nο grοwth firm and pays all its earnings as dividends, therefοre after tax οperating prοfit i.e. EBIT(1-tax rate) will distributed between debt hοlders and sharehοlders

Hence EBIT(1-tax rate) can be used tο find Value οf the firm

EBIT = $14.131 milliοn = $14.131 x 1000000 = $14131000

Let V = Value οf BEA with 45% debt

V = [EBIT(1-tax rate)] / (WACC) = [14131000(1-30%)] / (11.81%) =  9891700 / 11.81% = 83756985.6054

Value οf firm with 45% debt (in milliοns) = 83756985.6054 / 1000000 = 83.7569856054 milliοn = 83.757 milliοn (rοunded tο three places οf decimal)

Hence Value οf firm = 83.757 milliοn

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A direct allocation method of allocating service department costs to the production departments requires that each cost is directly assigned to the appropriate production department.

Service departments are departments that provide services to the production departments such as finance, HR, and IT. Production departments are those that actually produce the goods or services that the company is selling. Examples of service departments include accounting, marketing, and human resources. Examples of production departments include manufacturing, engineering, and research and development.

Service departments refer to organizational units within a company that provide support services to other departments or units within the company. Service departments are not directly involved in producing the company's products or services, but rather they provide support services that are necessary for the company's operations.

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if the return distribution for the asset is described as below,  A, 1.79%. is the standard deviation for the asset's returns.

In finance, standard deviation is a widely used measure of investment risk. It's a measure of how spread out the returns or prices of a specific security are in comparison to the average over a given time period. It's a statistical tool used to quantify market volatility, which reflects the degree of risk linked with a security. It is an essential tool for gauging a security's risk and return.

Determine the average return:

Calculate the asset's average return by calculating the weighted average of each return times its corresponding probability. The following is the computation:

Average Return = (0.12 x 0.15 x 0.10 x 0.50 x 0.07 x 0.35) / 6

Average Return = 0.0925 or 9.25%

Calculate the variance of the returns

To calculate the variance, we'll need to find the differences between each return and the average return. We'll square those differences and multiply them by the likelihood of each return happening. Finally, we'll sum up the products to get the variance.

Variance = [0.12 x (0.12 - 0.0925)²] + [0.15 x (0.15 - 0.0925)²] + [0.10 x (0.10 - 0.0925)²] + [0.50 x (0.50 - 0.0925)²] + [0.07 x (0.07 - 0.0925)²] + [0.35 x (0.35 - 0.0925)²]

Variance = 0.01588 or 1.588%²

Finally, the square root of the variance is taken to arrive at the standard deviation.

Standard Deviation = √Variance

Standard Deviation = √0.01588

Standard Deviation = 0.126 or 12.6%

Thus, the correct answer is option A, 1.79%.

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The four objectives of code of ethics are to provide guidance for decision making , To establish a shared set of values , To ensure accountability and transparency , To promote ethical behaviour.

1. To provide guidance for decision making – this objective helps organizations to make morally sound decisions in situations without any bias or prejudice.

For example, media organizations such as the BBC have implemented a ‘Code of Ethics’ which has a set of ethical guidelines to be followed when producing content for their news and other broadcasting channels.

These guidelines include impartiality, accuracy and respect for privacy.

2. To establish a shared set of values – this objective helps create a set of shared values among organization members.

An example of this is the ‘Code of Ethics’ implemented by the American Society of Newspaper Editors which outlines the principles of responsible journalism. These include accuracy, fairness, integrity, and accountability.

3. To ensure accountability and transparency – this objective helps ensure that members are held accountable for their actions and that the organization is transparent in its operations.

An example of this is the ‘Code of Ethics’ of the International Federation of Journalists which outlines principles such as the right of journalists to report freely and independently, respect for people’s rights to privacy and freedom of expression, and a commitment to accuracy and balance.

4. To promote ethical behaviour – this objective helps ensure that members are aware of the ethical behaviour expected from them.

An example of this is the ‘Code of Ethics’ of the National Union of Journalists which requires journalists to “respect people’s right to privacy, report with integrity and truthfulness and take responsibility for their actions” (National Union of Journalists, 2018).

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Whoever is the staffmember chosen it will depend on the rate of efficiency as per the given info Maria will the chosen staff member

Business productivity measures how much a company or organisation can produce with the time, money, and resources at hand. In other words, a company's efficiency is defined as its ability to efficiently transform resources like labour, capital, and raw materials into the services and products that produce revenue. If you want to learn how to boost corporate efficiency, you must first comprehend the many types of efficiency. Economic efficiency refers to an economic condition in which every resource is used to best advantage each individual or entity while minimising waste and inefficiency.

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Mystic's current stock price is P50.00 when Mystic has a beta of 1.20, the risk free rate of 5.5%

Using the constant growth dividend discount equation with the anticipated dividend, the needed rate of return, and the dividend growth rate, the current stock price of Mystic was determined to be P50.00.

The continuous growth dividend valuation model can be used to determine Mystic's current stock price:

D1 / Stock Price (r - g)

where: r = necessary rate of return = 11%; D1 = expected dividend for the following year; P2.25;

g = 6.5% projected dividend growth rate

When we enter the values, we obtain:

P2.25 / Stock Price (0.11 - 0.065)

Price of a Share = P2.25 / 0.045

P50.00 is the stock price.

Mystic's current stock price is P50.00 as a result.

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The future implications of the European Union and NAFTA are significant. The European Union and NAFTA have been successful free trade agreements, each with its unique set of characteristics. However, it is challenging to predict which agreement will thrive in the future.

Here are the future implications of the European Union and NAFTA: Implications of the European Union The future of the European Union (EU) is highly uncertain. The rise of populist movements and Euroscepticism could weaken the organization's cohesion. If the European Union disintegrates, it would leave an enormous economic and political void in Europe, which would have global implications.

Therefore, the EU has to reinvent itself continually and adapt to meet the demands of its member states. Implications of NAFTA The future of NAFTA is also uncertain. The rise of anti-globalization forces and the nationalist movement in the US could threaten NAFTA's success. The US President's decision to renegotiate the NAFTA agreement adds to the uncertainty surrounding its future.

However, NAFTA's success depends on the ability of the member states to adapt and modernize the agreement. If the three countries can overcome the challenges facing them and continue to work together, NAFTA will thrive in the future. Which agreement is more likely to thrive in the future? Both the EU and NAFTA are essential economic agreements with significant implications for global trade.

However, it is difficult to predict which agreement will thrive in the future. The future of these agreements depends on the ability of the member states to adapt and evolve to meet the challenges facing them. The EU and NAFTA need to address the issues that have arisen over time and adapt to the changing economic environment to thrive in the future.

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Darcy Roofing should replace the lift because,

Scenario 1: Darcy Roofing keeps the old lift

refurbishing costs ($37,000)

no other changes in revenues or costs*

net cash flow = ($37,000)

*The $71,400 spent repairing the lift the previous year are considered sunk costs because they cannot be recovered regardless of what decision the company makes.

Scenario 2: Darcy Roofing purchases a newer lift

cost of newer lift ($156,500)

salvage value of old lift $23,000

reduced costs per year x 6 years = $23,800 x 6 = $142,800

additional rental income x 6 years = $9,000 x 6 = $54,000

Hence, it would be profitable to change the lift.

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the cost of the car is $107968.77 if Alexandra made a downpayment of $1,000.

Why it is?

To solve this problem, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:

PV = PMT × ((1 - (1 + r/n²(-n×t)) / (r/n)) - D

where:

PMT = the monthly payment

r = the annual interest rate (6.20%)

n = the number of times the interest is compounded per year (12 for monthly payments)

t = the number of years (3)

D = the downpayment

Substituting the values given, we have:

PV = 887.51 × ((1 - (1 + 0.0620/12)²(-12×3)) / (0.0620/12)) - 1000

Simplifying the equation, we get:

PV = 887.51 × ((1 - 0.6556) / 0.00517) - 1000

PV = 887.51 × 121.7812 - 1000

PV = 107968.77

Therefore, the cost of the car is $107968.77 if Alexandra made a downpayment of $1,000.

Cost refers to the total amount of money or resources that must be expended to acquire or produce something, such as a good or service.

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A. The bond's price two years after purchase is $908.66.

B. The capital gain two years after purchasing the bond is $9.08. Since the result is positive, it represents a capital gain.

To calculate the capital gain or loss, we first need to determine the bond's price two years after purchase. We can use the following formula:

Bond price = (C / y) x [1 - 1 / (1 + y)^n] + F / (1 + y)^n

Where:

C = Annual coupon payment = 0.052 x $1000 = $52

y = Yield to maturity = 7.048%

n = Number of years to maturity = 7 - 2 = 5

F = Face value = $1000

Plugging in the values, we get:

Bond price = ($52 / 0.07048) x [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.07048)^5] + $1000 / (1 + 0.07048)^5

Bond price = $908.66

Therefore, the bond's price two years after purchase is $908.66.

Now we can calculate the capital gain or loss:

Capital gain/loss = Selling price - Purchase price

Selling price = Bond price x (1 + y)^(2)

Purchase price = $1000

Selling price = $908.66 x (1 + 0.07048)^2

Selling price = $1009.08

Capital gain/loss = $1009.08 - $1000

Capital gain/loss = $9.08

Therefore, the capital gain two years after purchasing the bond is $9.08. Since the result is positive, it represents a capital gain.

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The complete question goes thus:

Suppose that you purchased a Baa-rated $1000 annual coupon bond with a 5.2 % coupon rate and a 7-year maturity at par value. If you sold the bond two years later, and the yield on comparable debt is 7.048 %, what would your capital gain(+)/loss(-) be? (Enter dollars and cents.)

The expected stockout probability is 0.2431.

Demand refers to the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price and within a given time period.

To calculate the expected stockout probability, we need to first calculate the reorder point, which is the level of inventory at which an order should be placed to avoid stockouts during the lead time.

Reorder point = mean demand during lead time + safety stock

Safety stock = z-score * standard deviation of demand during lead time

Since the lead time is 2 periods, the mean demand during lead time is 2 times the mean demand per period, which is 675.

Mean demand during lead time = 2 × 675 = 1350

To find the safety stock, we need to determine the appropriate z-score for the desired service level. Let's assume a service level of 95%, which corresponds to a z-score of 1.645.

Safety stock = 1.645 × 135

= 222.08

Reorder point = 1350 + 222.08 = 1572.08

The order-up-to level is 2,228 units, which is greater than the reorder point. Therefore, we do not expect a stockout to occur if we order up to the order-up-to level.

However, if we want to calculate the expected stockout probability, we can use the following formula:

Expected stockout probability = (order-up-to level - reorder point) / standard deviation of demand during lead time

The standard deviation of demand during lead time = square root of lead time × variance of demand per period

The variance of demand per period = [tex](standard deviation of demand per period)^2[/tex]

The standard deviation of demand per period is given as 135, so the variance of demand per period is [tex](135)^2[/tex] = 18225.

Standard deviation of demand during lead time = sqrt(2 * 18225) = 269.258

Expected stockout probability = (2228 - 1572.08) / 269.258

= 0.2431

Rounding to four decimal places, the expected stockout probability is 0.2431.

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Assume you want to retire in 38 years. With your initial retirement assets, you calculated that you will require $220,000 per year after retiring.

How does retirement work?

When someone retires, they quit the workforce permanently. The full retirement age in the United States is 67, and the early retirement age is 62. If you were born between 1943 and 1954, you can retire at the age of 66. If you were born between 1955 and 1960, your full retirement age will steadily grow until it reaches 67. Full retirement benefits are due at the age of 67 for everyone born in 1960 or later. The chart below shows the full retirement age by year of birth.

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Bob purchases a shirt from the a departmental store in the mall, Bob dines at a neighborhood restaurant, Justin tips the waitress, Jennie purchases a fresh delivery van for her flower company. this is accurate in transaction.

Definition. All items and services acquired for resale or use throughout the manufacturing process are included in the cost of goods and services purchased, except capital goods whose consumption is recorded as use of fixed capital.

10,000 pairs of shoes are ordered by Shoes Unlimited from a foreign vendor. The issue of a purchase agreement is required for this.

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Answer:

- Bob buys a shirt from a department store in the mall

- Ronald gets his eyes checked at the optometrist

- Justin eats at a local restaurant and provides a tip to the waiter

Explanation:

Susan's option takes place in the resource market.

Jennie's option is a capital purchase in the resource market.

One problem that could cause an Al system to give poor results is the lack of diversity in the data used to train the model. If the data used to train the Al model is biased towards a particular group or perspective, the system may not perform well in diverse situations or may make biased decisions. For example, if an organization's hiring data is biased towards hiring only male candidates, the Al model may not be able to identify qualified female candidates. Another problem could be the use of poor-quality data, which may result in inaccurate predictions and decisions.

Besides cost savings, an HR department should consider the impact on employees and the organization's reputation when evaluating the use of artificial intelligence. HR professionals should consider the ethical implications of using AI and ensure that it does not result in discrimination against any particular group of employees. They should also consider the impact on employee morale and engagement, as well as the potential for AI to augment human capabilities and improve the overall performance of the organization. Additionally, HR professionals should ensure that employees are adequately trained and have the necessary skills to work effectively with the AI system.

1. One problem that could cause an Al system to give poor results is if it is based on biased or incomplete information.

2. When evaluating the use of artificial intelligence, an HR department should consider the skills needed for the process to proceed smoothly and deliver the desired outcome.

1. For example, if an organization uses its best performers as a model for the kinds of employees it wants to hire in the future, the organization is ruling out the possibility that a new kind of employee could outperform the current best performers.

Additionally, if the current practice rules out candidates in such a way that the company discriminates, the Al model could make such decisions its standard. This can lead to poor results because the Al system is not taking into account all the relevant information and may be perpetuating biases.

2. This includes identifying the skills that will be needed for success at the work to be retained by humans and making employees aware of those skills.

Additionally, HR departments should consider the ease of use of the Al system, as it is important to find systems that are easy to learn to use correctly so that more employees can qualify to use the new systems.

HR departments should also consider the potential for automating poor decisions and should use the Al system as a source of information to back up creative decision making.

Finally, HR departments should consider the ethical implications of using Al and should strive to protect the company's reputation as an ethical employer.

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the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually is $16,376.75. And the present value of the cash flows is $2,777.40.

How to solve?

To find the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually, we can use the formula:

FV = PV x (1 + r/n)²n×t)

where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.

In this case, PV = $5,500, r = 8.4%, n = 2 (semiannual compounding), and t = 17. Plugging in these values, we get:

FV = $5,500 x (1 + 0.084/2)²2×17)

FV = $5,500 x (1.042)²34

FV = $16,376.75

Therefore, the future value of $5,500 in 17 years at an APR of 8.4 percent compounded semiannually is $16,376.75.

To find the present value of the cash flows with a discount rate of 8.5 percent compounded quarterly, we can use the formula:

PV = CF1/(1+r)²1 + CF2/(1+r)²2 + CF3/(1+r)²3 + CF4/(1+r)²4

where PV is the present value, CF1, CF2, CF3, and CF4 are the cash flows in each year, r is the quarterly discount rate.

In this case, CF1 = $815, CF2 = $900, CF3 = $0, CF4 = $1,520, and r = 8.5%/4 = 2.125%. Plugging in these values, we get:

PV = $815/(1+0.02125)²1 + $900/(1+0.02125)²2 + $0/(1+0.02125)²3 + $1,520/(1+0.02125)²4

PV = $815/1.02125 + $900/1.04375625 + $0/1.067850391 + $1,520/1.092631027

PV = $800.49 + $851.39 + $0 + $1,125.52

PV = $2,777.40

Therefore, the present value of the cash flows is $2,777.40.

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False.

The bond's current price ($1,080) is above its par value ($1,000), meaning it is selling at a premium.

The yield to maturity for this bond can be calculated using the formula:

YTM = (C + (FV - P)/n)/[(FV + P)/2]

where C is the coupon rate (10%), FV is the face value (1,000), P is the current price (1,080), and n is the number of years to maturity (10). Substituting in the values, the yield to maturity would be 8.92%.

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The feedback memos sent by the teams of employees to the vice presidents and Gabriel are examples of upward communication.

Upward communication is the flow of information from lower levels of an organization to higher levels. In this scenario, the employees are providing feedback to the vice presidents and Gabriel, who are in higher positions within the company.

This is an example of upward communication because the information is flowing from the employees to the executives. It is important for organizations to have effective upward communication in order to ensure that the concerns and suggestions of employees are heard and taken into consideration.

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The fact that microwaves do not work while the "door" is still open is a consequence of A: considering the human factor in product design.

Microwaves are designed with a safety feature that automatically stops the microwave from operating if the door is open. This is to prevent accidental exposure to microwaves, which can be harmful to human health. By designing the microwave with this safety feature, the manufacturers have considered the potential actions of the users, and have made the product safer to use by preventing it from functioning when the door is open.

Therefore, the correct answer is (A) considering the human factor in product design.

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The External Financing Needed (EFN) for Crosby, Incorporated is -$77,628. This indicates that the company has excess funds and does not require external financing.

Pro Forma Income Statement:

Sales (2020) = $746,000

Projected Sales Growth = 30%

Projected Sales (2021) = Sales (2020) + (Sales (2020) * Projected Sales Growth) = $746,000 + ($746,000 * 0.30) = $746,000 + $223,800 = $969,800

Costs (2020) = $581,000

Projected Costs (2021) = Costs (2020) * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $581,000 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $581,000 * 1.299 = $754,319

Other Expenses (2020) = $17,000

Projected Other Expenses (2021) = Other Expenses (2020) * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $17,000 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $17,000 * 1.299 = $22,083

Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) = Projected Sales (2021) - Projected Costs (2021) - Projected Other Expenses (2021) = $969,800 - $754,319 - $22,083 = $193,398

Interest Expense = $13,000 (constant)

Taxable Income = EBIT - Interest Expense = $193,398 - $13,000 = $180,398

Taxes (23%) = Taxable Income * 0.23 = $180,398 * 0.23 = $41,477.54

Net Income = Taxable Income - Taxes = $180,398 - $41,477.54 = $138,920.46

Dividends (constant) = $31,185

Addition to Retained Earnings = Net Income - Dividends = $138,920.46 - $31,185 = $107,735.46

Pro Forma Income Statement for 2021:

Sales: $969,800

Costs: $754,319

Other Expenses: $22,083

EBIT: $193,398

Interest Expense: $13,000

Taxable Income: $180,398

Taxes: $41,477

Net Income: $138,920

Dividends: $31,185

Addition to Retained Earnings: $107,735

Pro Forma Balance Sheet:

Assets:

Current Assets:

Cash (spontaneously increases with sales): $20,540 * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $20,540 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $20,540 * 1.299 = $26,663

Accounts Receivable (spontaneously increases with sales): $43,480 * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $43,480 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $43,480 * 1.299 = $56,531

Inventory (spontaneously increases with sales): $90,960 * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $90,960 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $90,960 * 1.299 = $118,226

Total Current Assets: Cash + Accounts Receivable + Inventory = $26,663 + $56,531 + $118,226 = $201,420

Fixed Assets (sold to achieve 100% asset utilization): $422,000 (constant)

Total Assets: Total Current Assets + Fixed Assets = $201,420 + $422,000 = $623,420

Liabilities and Owners' Equity:

Current Liabilities: Accounts Payable (spontaneously increases with sales): $54,700 * (Projected Sales (2021) / Sales (2020)) = $54,700 * ($969,800 / $746,000) = $54,700 * 1.299 = $71,033

Notes Payable (constant): $13,900

Total Current Liabilities: Accounts Payable + Notes Payable = $71,033 + $13,900 = $84,933

Long-term Debt (constant): $129,000

Owners' Equity:

Common Stock and Paid-in Surplus (constant): $114,000

Retained Earnings (2020) + Addition to Retained Earnings: $265,380 + $107,735 = $373,115

Total Owners' Equity: Common Stock and Paid-in Surplus + Retained Earnings = $114,000 + $373,115 = $487,115

Total Liabilities and Owners' Equity: Total Current Liabilities + Long-term Debt + Total Owners' Equity = $84,933 + $129,000 + $487,115 = $701,048

Pro Forma Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021:

Assets:

Current Assets: Cash: $26,663

Accounts Receivable: $56,531

Inventory: $118,226

Total Current Assets: $201,420

Fixed Assets: $422,000

Total Assets: $623,420

Liabilities and Owners' Equity:

Current Liabilities:

Accounts Payable: $71,033

Notes Payable: $13,900

Total Current Liabilities: $84,933

Long-term Debt: $129,000

Owners' Equity:

Common Stock and Paid-in Surplus: $114,000

Retained Earnings: $373,115

Total Owners' Equity: $487,115

Total Liabilities and Owners' Equity: $701,048

EFN (External Financing Needed) is calculated as the difference between the total assets and the total liabilities and owners' equity:

EFN = Total Assets - Total Liabilities and Owners' Equity = $623,420 - $701,048 = -$77,628.

Thus, with EFN being negative indicates that the company has enough funds and doesn't require external funding.

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Recognizing deferred expenses in a period in which a company will not meet analysts' expectations is referred to as a big bath.

A deferred expense is a cost that has been paid but has not yet been incurred. It represents an asset that has been paid for in advance of it being used or consumed. Deferred expenditures are expenses that are expected to provide benefits for an extended period of time. The amount of time it takes for the expense to be incurred is referred to as the deferral period.

Why do companies take a big bath?

A big bath refers to a strategy used by companies to reduce earnings in the current period by manipulating accounting treatments to lower net income. By taking a big bath, a company can clean up its books by reducing the value of assets on its balance sheet or increasing the value of its liabilities. Companies use a big bath when they know that they will miss earnings expectations or when they need to decrease their earnings in the current period to increase their earnings in the future period. It is a way for companies to control their net income by manipulating their accounting principles.

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