Although it only makes up roughly 5% of the world's population, the United States is the source of 30% of the world's energy consumption and 28% of its carbon emissions.
Which GHG accounts for the majority or most of the overall US emissions?emissions of carbon dioxide.The most important greenhouse gas released by human activity is carbon dioxide (CO2).Almost 79% of all greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activity in the United States in 2020 were CO2.
Why do USA greenhouse gas emissions tend to be high?Using fossil fuels for transportation, heat, and power is the main cause of human-related greenhouse gas emissions in the United States.The Catalog for U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Sinks, published by the EPA, keeps track of all U.S. emissions.
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What is the switch of a virus cell?
The virus creates new viral components by utilizing the host cell. The host cell is infected by the bacteriophage virus in two ways: both the lysogenic and lytic cycles.
Virus cell :In the lytic cycle, the bacteriophage infuses its hereditary material into the host, utilizes its replication apparatus and repeat and kills the host cells because of lysis of the microbes. The prophage is formed when the virus's genetic material is incorporated into the host's and formed during the lysogenic cycle. This prophase is replicated along with the bacterial genome by offspring. New viral components like the caps id and others are made from this genetic material.
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Some people argue that genetically modified (GM) foods could harm crops. How could they harm crops?
A
by creating super weeds
B
by taking water from soil
C
by removing vitamins
D
by not producing seeds
The difference between the mode of reproduction between pteridophytes and angiosperms
Pteridophytes reproduce by spores, while angiosperms reproduce by seeds.
What are spores and how do pteridophytes reproduce using spores?Spores are small, single-celled reproductive structures that can develop into a new organism under the right conditions. Pteridophytes reproduce by spores, which are produced in specialized structures called sporangia. The spores are released into the air and can be carried to new locations by wind or other means. When conditions are favorable, the spores germinate and grow into new pteridophyte plants.
How do angiosperms reproduce by seeds?Angiosperms reproduce by seeds, which are produced inside fruits. The flowers of angiosperms contain male and female reproductive structures. Pollen from the male structure (the anther) fertilizes the egg in the female structure (the ovary), and the fertilized egg develops into a seed. The seed contains an embryo and a food supply, enclosed in a protective seed coat. When conditions are favorable, the seed germinates and grows into a new angiosperm plant.
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Which stable element is used to determine the age of volcanic rock
Answer:
Argon
Explanation:
One of the most common methods to date volcanic rocks uses potassium (radioactive parent) and argon (stable daughter)
Answer:
Radiocarbon dating
Explanation:
Carbon-14 dating is used to determine the age of volcanic rock
Based on the following phylogenetic tree, is the sun bear more closely related to the sloth bear or to the brown bear? explain your reasoning sloth bear sun bear american black bear asiatic black bear polar bear brown bear
The sun bear is not the same species as the sloth bear. In particular, sloth bears are members of the Melursus ursinus species, and because of their protruding lips, they are also known as labiated bears.
Which bear is the sun bear's closest relative?Sun and sloth bears group with the Asiatic black bear in the species tree based on coalescence, and the American black bear groups with polar and brown bears.
What distinguishes a bear from a sloth bear?The top two front teeth (incisors) of adult sloth bears are absent, allowing them to easily suck up termites and other insects. Their premolars and molars are smaller than those of other bears due to their diet of insects and fruit, but they have robust canines to help them bite prey.
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A carrot would be an example of a _______ system.
The apical meristem and new growth in the roots are protected by the _______.
Stems of _______ contain a ring of vascular tissue, which includes the xylem and phloem.
Stems thicken to support plants growing taller during _______ growth.
_______ regulate the exchange of gases in the leaves and help maintain homeostasis.
The leaves are often broad and flat because they are the main site of _______ in a plant.
The force that allows water molecules to stick to other water molecules is called _______.
The process by which plants release water into the air as vapor, while pulling more water upward into the leaves is called _______.
Plants absorb liquid from the substrate and expel evaporation into the atmosphere through their leaves during transpiration.
What causes plants' flying components to produce water vapour, primarily through their leaves' stomata?Transpiration is the process through which trees transfer water vapour from various flying components. Pores on the leaves are the primary way that it happens. It increases under dry air as well as whenever the wind blows, and it moves most quickly during the hottest parts of the day.
What is the method that uses daylight to desalinate sea into evaporation and back into water?The Sunlight reaches your ocean's surface water, giving it energy. When given enough force, liquid hydrogen atoms transform into evaporation and disperse into the atmosphere. Evaporation is the term for this action.
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Answer:
1.taproot
2.root cap
3.dicot
4.secondary
5.Stomata
6.photosynthesis
7.cohesion
8.transpiration
9.Cohesion describes water molecules sticking together, while adhesion allows them to stick to the sides of the xylem that runs up the plant stem. When water at the top of this chain breaks free and evaporates from the leaf, it pulls on the water molecules behind it. In this way, water molecules are pulled up the plant stem from the roots and into the leaves.
10.Leaves have adaptations such as broad or narrow widths, rounded or pointy tips, and straight versus many vertices. These adaptations allow different species of plants to optimize water retention and photosynthesis in different climates (in other words, cloudy, sunny, rainy, dry).
11.Plants can show many different deficiencies based on their nutrients. An iron deficiency will result in yellowing or brittle leaves. A potassium deficiency causes leaves to turn yellow at the edges and phosphate deficiencies cause plants to have darker green than normal leaves.
Explanation: penn foster :)
How does the demonstration simulate the behavior of satellites?
Creating a computer model that accounts for the physical rules regulating the motion of objects in space, such as Newton's laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, is often required to simulate the behavior of satellites.
Behavior of satellitesDepending on the precise objectives and setting of the presentation, there are various ways in which it might replicate the behavior of satellites. To illustrate how various forces, such as gravity and atmospheric drag, affect the motion of satellites in orbit around the Earth, a demonstration can, for instance, employ physical models or visual aids.As an alternative, one might simulate the orbits of satellites around the Earth using a computer, taking into consideration things like the gravitational field of the Earth, the altitude and speed of the satellite, as well as the effects of atmospheric drag and solar radiation pressure.In both instances, the simulation's objective is to offer a visual picture of satellite activity in space, aiding in the illustration of important ideas and principles linked to satellite motion and orbit.learn more about satellites here
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How did the organism get these chromosomes? Where did they come from?
The organisms got their chromosomes from their parents.
The chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the gametes of their parents.
What are chromosomes?A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code.
The very long, thin DNA strands in most chromosomes are covered with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the histones are the most significant of these proteins.
Chromosomes are passed on to offspring by their parents.
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A is a cell that points to b. b is tissue that points to c. c is an organ system that points to an organ. sunny makes a poster showing the levels of organization in the human body. how can sunny correct his error? check all that apply. arrow a should point to the organ system. arrow b should point to the cell. arrow b should point to the organ. arrow c should point to the muscle tissue. arrow c should point to the organ system.
Sunny's poster has a couple of errors in the direction of the arrows. The correct directions of the arrows should be:
Arrow A should point to the tissue (not the organ system).Arrow B should point to the organ (not the cell).Arrow C should point to the organ system (not the muscle tissue).The correct order of the levels of organization in the human body is:
CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan systemsOrganismTherefore, arrow A should point to the tissue (a group of cells that perform a specific function), arrow B should point to the organ (a structure made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific function), and arrow C should point to the organ system (a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function). By correcting the directions of the arrows, Sunny's poster will accurately represent the levels of organization in the human body.
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Which of the following is not true about adaptation? It is unique to one breed. It results from genetic mutations. It creates new types of species. It is random.
The statement "It creates new types of species" is not entirely true about adaptation.
What is Mutation?
Mutation is a process that introduces changes or alterations to the genetic material (DNA) of an organism. These changes can be caused by a variety of factors, including exposure to radiation or chemicals, errors in DNA replication, or spontaneous genetic alterations.
Mutations can occur in any type of organism, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, and can affect any part of the genetic material, including genes and regulatory regions. Mutations can have a range of effects, from no discernible impact to significant changes in an organism's traits, behavior, or susceptibility to disease.
Adaptation is the process by which organisms change in response to their environment, which allows them to survive and reproduce more successfully. It typically results from genetic mutations, but it can also occur through other mechanisms such as natural selection and genetic drift.
While adaptation can result in the emergence of new traits or characteristics in a population, it does not necessarily create new types of species. Instead, the accumulation of adaptations over time can lead to the evolution of new species through a process known as speciation. Thus, adaptation is an important mechanism in the evolution of new species, but it is not the sole cause of speciation.
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if trybutyrin agar is not used within a few days of making it, it will lose its opacity. considering this,l why is it useful to have a positive and a negative control?
The use of tributyrin agar is essential for ensuring accurate and reliable results in biological experiments. It is important to have both a positive and negative control in any experiment involving tributyrin agar because the positive control is used to confirm that the test is working properly, while the negative control is used to ensure that the results are specific to the enzyme being tested.
A positive control is a sample of agar that has been prepared correctly and is used to prove that the experiment is working correctly. It is used to compare the results of the experiment to a known and expected outcome. A negative control, on the other hand, is a sample of agar that has been deliberately prepared incorrectly. It is used to show what happens when the experiment is not successful.
By having both a positive and negative control in an experiment, researchers can determine whether the results obtained are reliable. If the results of the experiment match the expected outcome of the positive control, then it is likely that the results are accurate and the experiment was successful. If, however, the results match the expected outcome of the negative control, then it is likely that the experiment has failed and the results should be discarded.
In conclusion, it is essential to have both a positive and negative control in any experiment involving tributyrin agar. This ensures that the results are reliable and not compromised by the degradation of the agar over time.
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Help out with this. The answers give on all are Machinery , Instructions or messenger
DNA holds the instructions or genetic code for protein synthesis, RNA is the messenger for protein synthesis, and the ribosome has the machinery for protein synthesis.
What is DNA?
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a molecule that carries the genetic information and instructions for the development, function, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms.
DNA is made up of four different types of nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The sequence of these nucleotides determines the genetic code and instructions for building and maintaining an organism's body. The nucleotides are joined together by chemical bonds to form a double-stranded helix structure.
During protein synthesis, the DNA code is transcribed into RNA, which carries the instructions to the ribosome. The ribosome reads the RNA code and uses it to assemble a chain of amino acids in the correct order to form a protein. The process of protein synthesis is complex and requires the coordinated actions of several different molecules and cellular structures.
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which human activities are responsible for almost doubling the amount of fixed nitrogen? select all that apply.
The human activities that are responsible for almost doubling the amount of fixed nitrogen are-
Overuse of fertilizers and pesticidesDeforestationBurning of fossil fuelsNitrogen fixation is a biological process that converts molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere into nitrogenous compounds that plants can absorb and use. Most plants obtain nitrogen from the soil.
Nitrogen undergoes various processes as it cycles between these systems, including:
Nitrogen fixation, the conversion of nitrogen gas into organic nitrogen compounds in the soil, by soil bacteria. Nitrification, the conversion of ammonium into nitrate by nitrifying bacteria. Denitrification, the conversion of nitrate into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria.Nitrogen is essential for the growth of all living organisms, and humans rely heavily on it to grow crops and raise animals for food.
Because of human activities such as overuse of fertilizers, deforestation, and burning of fossil fuels, the amount of fixed nitrogen has almost doubled in recent years.
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Which of the following statements best explains the role heat flow has in changing Earth's surface?
A. Earthquakes occur when heat from the sun moves the crust.
B. Volcanoes form when convection in the mantle pushes one tectonic plate under another.
C. Tectonic plates move when the lithosphere cools.
D. Volcanoes erupt when the crust is moved by the convection of Earth's inner and outer cores.
According to tectonic theory, the Earth's surface is dynamic and can move up to 1-2 inches every year. The numerous tectonic plates constantly move and interact. The outer layer of the Earth is altered by this motion.
How do the movement of materials and the transport of heat within Earth generate earthquakes?At mid-ocean ridges, hot magma rising from the mantle pushes the plates apart. Along the cracks that form as the plates separate, earthquakes take place.
Which theory explains the shifting of tectonic plates the best?Geologists believe that convection currents in the earth's mantle are responsible for the movement of tectonic plates. The rising, spreading, and sinking of a gas, liquid, or molten substance brought on by the application of heat is referred to as convection currents.
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Why is a muscle an organ?
Answer:
This is because the definition of an organ is a part of a body that performs a specific function. Muscles fall under this catagory. For example, the muscles in your legs enable you to walk, the muscles in your face allow you to smile, and so on. Because they all perform a specific function, they are all considered organs.
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Develop an experiment that could be used to test the efectiveness of these signals in regards to the hypotheses of intrasexual and intersexual selection your group described previously. Be sure and include a hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, control group and experimental set up. This is worth 10 points. Do a thorough job!
Hypothesis: Intrasexual selection is more effective than intersexual selection in determining mate selection.
What is Hypothesis?Hypothesis is an educated guess or prediction based on observation and research that can be tested through experimentation and analysis. It is used to form a scientific conclusion or solution to a problem.
Independent Variable: Method of selection (intrasexual vs intersexual)
Dependent Variable: Success rate of mating
Control Group: None
Experimental Set Up:
1. A group of male and female animals of the same species will be divided into two groups: the intraspecific group and the interspecific group.
2. The intraspecific group will be exposed to signals that are characteristic of intraspecific selection (such as physical characteristics, behavior, or vocalizations).
3. The interspecific group will be exposed to signals that are characteristic of interspecific selection (such as color, scent, or size).
4. Both groups will be observed to see which signals they respond to and how successful they are in mating.
5. The number of successful matings in each group will be recorded, and the data will be analyzed to determine which type of selection is more effective in determining mate selection.
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Which trait, beak length or wing length, has changed the most in the population over time? Support your answer by describing the change in proportion of the trait over time.
The beak length has changed most in the graphs.
Why does the beak length change in finches?The beak length of finches can change due to natural selection, which is the process by which organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully than those without those traits.
The beak length of finches can change over time in response to changes in the availability of food and other environmental factors. For example, if a drought reduces the availability of small insects, finches with longer, thinner beaks may be more successful at finding food and reproducing than those with shorter, stronger beaks.
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Which abbreviation could be used to represent a heterozygous genotype?
Tt, T_, TT, a or b, b or c
Answer:
Your answer is: Tt
Explanation:
If lots of solid wastes are thrown away in the plastic all around the place where you stay what can you do to change people's behaviour why such an action is necessary
Explanation:
you start by being the change , you can provide waste bins if they're lacking, maybe address them in a friendly way a little talk or walk won't break a leg
lastly don't act mad at them cos of the wastes around
natural selection is a gradual, nonrandom process by which biological traits become more or less frequent within a population. which of the following are necessary conditions for natural selection to occur within a population of s. aureus? (pick 4) group of answer choices some individuals in the population reproduce more than others. individuals in the population vary from one another. deleterious (harmful) genes are removed from the population some individuals within the population are optimally adapted for survival. traits are hereditary. there is adaptation traits that permit an individual to survive at least until reproduction will increase in frequency over time.
The conditions that are necessary for natural selection to occur within a population of S. aureus are physical traits that differ, heredity, reproduction, and variation in the number of offspring produced. So options 1, 2, 4, and 5 are correct.
There are two parts to Natural Selection: the non-random component and the random component. The non-random component is selection pressure. For example, predators will want to eat the prey. The random component is adaptation. For example, the prey will try to avoid predators.
Natural selection affects populations in response to current conditions, so species survival in future and unpredictable conditions is not necessary for natural selection.
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Why might shocked quartz and spherules be common in K-T boundary rocks in North America, but not in other continents?
Shocked quartz and spherules are common in K-T boundary rocks in North America due to the impact of an asteroid or comet that occurred approximately 66 million years ago.
Shocked quartz and spherules may be less common in K-T boundary rocks in other continents due to differences in geological and environmental conditions that may affect preservation and visibility of these features in the geological record. This impact event caused widespread destruction, including the extinction of the dinosaurs, and resulted in the deposition of a layer of sediment known as the K-T boundary.
The reason why shocked quartz and spherules may not be as common in other continents is due to differences in the geological and environmental conditions present at the time of the impact. For example, regions with more active tectonic activity may have experienced greater erosion and deformation of the K-T boundary layer, leading to the loss or alteration of shocked quartz and spherules. Similarly, differences in the types of rocks and sediments present in different regions may affect the preservation and visibility of these features in the geological record.
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Pls help. I need answers for my Evolution crossword puzzle. What are the words to the definitions?
Evolution scientific theory explaining how new species and varieties originate. The process by which new species or populations of living organisms develop from preexisting ones over repeated generations.
3 terms that best describe evolution?Three words—change over time—are all it takes to sum up evolution. The diversity we witness now is the product of the lengthy history of change that life has undergone.
What are the five evolutionary lines?There are visible results of evolution. The fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and molecular biology are the five sources of evidence that support evolution. Evolution is the process by which a population of organisms changes as new generations replace ancestors.
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On the consequences of non disjunction other than trisomy 21. Write 3 sentences about your findings
Non-disjunction is a genetic disorder that occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells.
What is nondisjunction?Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome, is the most well-known consequence of non-disjunction, but there are several other conditions that can result from this disorder.
One such condition is Turner syndrome, which is caused by non-disjunction of the X chromosome. This disorder only affects females and results in short stature, infertility, and heart defects.
Another consequence of non-disjunction is Klinefelter syndrome, which is caused by non-disjunction of the sex chromosomes during meiosis. This condition results in males having an extra X chromosome, which can cause infertility, breast enlargement, and reduced facial and body hair.
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2. Discuss some of the physical and chemical factors involved in the composition, and in the preparation, of a culture medium. Nutrient ingredients: pH and buffering: Heat (to reconstitute): Heat (to sterilize
Energy supply and food that is suitable as energy source are needed for microbial growth. The following physical and chemical elements are included: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur, potash, magnesium, sodium, copper, trace elements, as well as other organic culture are examples of chemical factors.
3 Calcium, magnesium, iron, and trace metals like phosphates and sulphates are essential metals and minerals. 4 Buffering substances, such as phosphates and acetates. 5 pH change indicators, including phenol red and bromo-cresol purple. Electrolytes, freshwater, peptone, meat extract, serum, or blood are the basic components of culture media. Peptones, proteases, amino, a range of inorganic salts like phosphates, potassium, and magnesium, as well as a few auxiliary growth agents like nicotinic acid and riboflavin, are among the crucial components. Stable pH becomes essential for optimal microbial growth for culture media in addition to evaluating the total nutritional composition.
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The requirement to provide individual menus would apply to residents with complicated therapeutic dietary needs (e.g., renal diets) and residents who may not be able to sit fown at meal times (e.g., constant wanderers who need "finger foods" that can be eaten on the go). True or False?
True. Providing individual menus is important for residents with complicated therapeutic dietary needs.
What is dietary needs of individuals?When it comes to dietary needs, every individual is different, and this is especially true for individuals living in a long-term care setting.
Some residents may have specific therapeutic dietary needs, such as a renal diet, which restricts the intake of certain nutrients and requires specific food choices to be made.
Other residents may require a specific diet for other medical conditions such as diabetes, dysphagia, or food allergies. It's important that these residents receive a personalized menu that caters to their dietary requirements and preferences.
Thus, providing individual menus is important for residents with complicated therapeutic dietary needs such as renal diets, as well as for residents who may not be able to sit down at meal times, such as constant wanderers who need "finger foods" that can be eaten on the go.
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A classic example of a symbiotic relationship is the plover bird and the African crocodile. The tiny blackbird plover acts as a toothpick for the fierce crocodile and helps by removing tiny morsels of food that are stuck between the crocodile's teeth. These food particles are the source of food for the bird
The relationship between the plover bird and the African crocodile is a classic example of mutualism, a type of symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit.
The tiny plover bird acts as a dental hygienist for the crocodile by removing bits of food stuck between its teeth, which would otherwise cause infection or tooth decay. In return, the crocodile provides a source of food for the bird. This mutualistic relationship benefits both species; the crocodile gets its teeth cleaned, and the bird gets a source of food. However, the relationship is not always harmonious, as the plover bird must be careful not to get too close to the crocodile's powerful jaws, which could lead to injury or death.
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which of the statements below is best supported by this experiment?
The experiment's best-supported claim is (C): Because the genetic code is universal, plant cells can translate the genes of various species.
What is genetic code?The genetic code, which is the arrangement of nucleotides in DNA and RNA and defines the order of amino acids in proteins. Although DNA's linear nucleotide sequences hold the knowledge for protein sequences, proteins are not synthesised directly from DNA.
Who discovered genetic code?Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, Leslie Barnett, and Richard Watts-Tobin made the initial discovery that DNA's three bases can be used to encode a single amino acid in 1961. In that instant, experts discovered the life's code.
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During the elongation process, does the same thing happen to both of the single strands that were broken apart?
During the elongation process, same thing does not happen to both the single strands that were broken apart, the elongation process is different for the 5'-3' and 3'-5' template.
Decoding a messenger RNA (mRNA) and utilising the data it contains to create a polypeptide, or chain of amino acids, is the process of translation. A polypeptide is often a protein (with the technical difference being that some large proteins are made up of several polypeptide chains).
There are three steps: commencement, elongation, and termination. Initiation is the first phase. These three words could be recognisable to you. The procedures utilised to create the mRNA strand are described in transcription using the same terminology. Yet, in this case of translation, a polypeptide strand is created. Either way, we're assembling a lengthy molecule from a series of smaller ones. Therefore the three phrases correctly capture the mechanics of the process, whether we're talking about transcription or translation. Let's go through each step individually.
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which of the following statements about urban environments is true? which of the following statements about urban environments is true? while species diversity is typically lower in urban environments than in the nearby natural environment, species exist in higher population densities as compared to adjacent natural lands. plant colonists that thrive in urban environments are those that require rather stable, persistent habitats. backyard feeders and garbage cans provide sources of disease that limit population sizes of those species that do inhabit urban environments. species diversity is higher in urban environments than in adjacent natural lands due to the variety of habitats in the urban environment. the urban environment is much more dangerous for wild animals than the adjacent natural lands.
The statement "while species diversity is typically lower in urban environments than in the nearby natural environment, species exist in higher population densities as compared to adjacent natural lands" is true.
Plant colonists that thrive in urban environments require rather stable, persistent habitats, and backyard feeders and garbage cans provide sources of disease that limit population sizes of those species that do inhabit urban environments. Species diversity is typically lower in urban environments than in adjacent natural lands, as the urban environment is much more dangerous for wild animals than the adjacent natural lands.
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Question
Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs.
Organisms compete for limited resources at many levels. Match each scenario to the type of competition it exhibits.
Tiles
All the gray wolves in the area feed
on the same types of prey.
A robin and a blue jay try to eat
the same worm.
The rise in one species of bird limits
the nesting space for other species.
Two male deer fight over a mate.
Pairs
intraspecific, direct
arrowBoth
interspecific, indirect
arrowBoth
interspecific, direct
arrowBoth
intraspecific, indirect
arrowBoth
look at pic
Interspecific competition arises when members of various species struggle for a restricted resource in the same region. Less adapted species will either adapt, leave the region, or go extinct if they cannot compete for resources.
Intraspecific direct:
all the gray wolves feed on the same type of preytwo male deers fight over a mateInterspecific, indirect:A robin and a blue jay try to eat the same worm
the rise in one species of bird limits the nesting space for other species
Types of competitionCompetition is a type of interaction in which two or more organisms of the same or different species compete over common limited resources.
When the competition involves organisms of the same species, the competition is said to be direct or intraspecific.
On the other hand, if the competition for resources involves organisms of different species, the competition is said to be indirect or interspecific.
Thus, all gray wolves feeding on the same type of prey and two male deers fighting over a mate are examples of direct or intraspecific competition. In the same vein, a robin and a blue jay trying to eat the same worm and the rise in one species of bird limiting the nesting space for other species are examples of indirect or interspecific competition.
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Answer:
intraspecific, direct: Two male deer fight over a mate.
interspecific, indirect: The rise in one species of bird limits
the nesting space for other species
interspecific, direct: A robin and a blue jay try to eat
the same worm.
intraspecific, indirect: All the gray wolves in the area feed
on the same types of prey.
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