Alcohols are a key intermediate in organic synthesis since they can oxidized to carbonyl containing functional groups. In this tutorial, we will cover: 1. what happens in an oxidation reaction 2. oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones 3. oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes or carboxylic acids 4. oxidation reagents and how we can control oxidation The previous example showed the simplest alcohol and the oxidation products expected. Note that the oxidation of an alcohol to a higher oxidation state involves loss of hydrogens. This means that tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized, since it does not have a hydrogen that can be lost. Longer primary and secondary alcohols can also be oxidized. Which of the reactions shown Constitute an oxidation reaction? CH, CHO CH,CH,OH CH,CO,CH CH,CH, OH CH, COH CH CHO - CH.CH OH > OH

Answer:

n = 0.43 moles

Explanation:

from ideal gas equation;

PV = nRT

making n subject of the formula

n = PV/RT

but;

T = (10 + 273)k = 283k

P = 2 atm

V = 5dm³

R = 0.082

Therefore,

n = 2 x 5

0.082 x 283

= 0.43 moles

QUESTION IS NOT VISIBLE CLEARLY!!!!!!

Compounds 1 and Compound 2 are the same because they have the same empirical formula, which is H₂O.

All of the compounds have the same elements (H and O), but the ratios of the elements in each compound are different. To determine which compounds are the same, we need to calculate their empirical formulas.

The empirical formula of a compound gives the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in the compound.

To calculate the empirical formula, we divide the number of atoms of each element by its atomic weight and then divide by the smallest result.

Using this method, we get the following empirical formulas for each compound:

Compound 1: H₂O (divide 11 g of H by 1 g/mol and 89 g of O by 16 g/mol)

Compound 2: H₂O (divide 20 g of H by 1 g/mol and 162 g of O by 16 g/mol)

Compound 3: H₂O₄ (divide 2 g of H by 1 g/mol and 33 g of O by 16 g/mol)

Compound 4: H₂O₂ (divide 8 g of H by 1 g/mol and 56 g of O by 16 g/mol)

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1.410317885651

Below me are the examples:

1 grams Chlorine to mol = 0.02821 mol

10 grams Chlorine to mol = 0.28206 mol

20 grams Chlorine to mol = 0.56413 mol

30 grams Chlorine to mol = 0.84619 mol

40 grams Chlorine to mol = 1.12825 mol

50 grams Chlorine to mol = 1.41032 mol

100 grams Chlorine to mol = 2.82064 mol

200 grams Chlorine to mol = 5.64127 mol

Answer:

0.064 moles

Explanation:

First, we need to convert the temperature in Kelvin, which can be done by adding 273 to the temperature in Celsius. So the temperature in Kelvin is 294 K. We can now use the Ideal Gas Law, PV = nRT, to solve for the number of moles, n. Rearranging the equation gives us n = PV/RT. Plugging in our values gives us n = (0.553 atm)(1.90 L)/[(0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)(294 K)] = 0.064 mol. Therefore, there are 0.064 moles of krypton gas present in the container.

The concentration of the carbon dioxide solution is 8.8 g/L.

What is Solution?

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. In a solution, the particles of the solute (the substance that is dissolved) are uniformly distributed throughout the solvent (the substance in which the solute is dissolved) on a molecular level. Solutions can be in any physical state, i.e., solid, liquid, or gas. In a solution, the solute particles are too small to be seen, and the solution appears clear and transparent.

To determine the concentration of the carbon dioxide solution, we need to know the units of the given mass (44 grams). Let's assume it is in grams per liter (g/L).

First, we need to convert the volume of the solution from milliliters to liters:

5000 mL = 5 L

Next, we can use the formula for concentration:

concentration (in g/L) = mass (in g) / volume (in L)

Plugging in the values we get:

concentration = 44 g / 5 L

Simplifying, we get:

concentration = 8.8 g/L

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Answer:

36.82 is 37 when you round it

Explanation:

:)

The continents previously comprised a single landmass when they drifted apart, as according Wegener's Atomic Hypothesis. Pangaea existed, according to Wegener, some 300,000 years ago.

The Pangea, Gondwana, or Pannotia supercontinents were the most recent. Geologists believe that there were formerly three supercontinents: Nuna (also known as Columbia), Rodinia, or Ur. A single landmass which encompasses at least 75% of the world's territory is referred to be a supercontinent.

A landmass thought up almost most or all of the land on Earth is known as a supercontinent. This term could be used to the landmass that is made up of modern-day Africa and Eurasia. Pangea was the most ancient supercontinent to include all of Earth's significant—and possibly most well-known—landmasses.

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This yields 2.68 g of fertilizer that must be applied to provide 2.40 g N to the plant.

To calculate the amount of fertilizer needed to provide 2.40 g N to a plant, first determine the percentage of N present in the fertilizer. The fertilizer contains 54.2% CH4N2O (urea), 23.2% KNO3, and 12.2% (NH4)2HPO4. Adding these three percentages together gives you 89.6% of the fertilizer that is nitrogen-containing.
Next, calculate the amount of nitrogen present in 2.40 g. To do this, divide 2.40 g by the total percentage of nitrogen (89.6%) in the fertilizer. This yields 2.68 g of fertilizer that must be applied to provide 2.40 g N to the plant.

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Yes, it is technically accurate to say a substance is insoluble if it has very low solubility in a particular solvent.

The Ksp value of AgCl is [tex]1.8 \times 10^{-10}[/tex].

The substance is insoluble means that the substance does not dissolve or dissolve only to a negligible extent in the solvent.

For example, silver chloride (AgCl) is considered an insoluble substance because it has very low solubility in water. The solubility product constant (Ksp) for AgCl in water at room temperature is approximately [tex]1.8 \times 10^{-10}[/tex]

This means that the concentration of silver ions ([tex]Ag^+[/tex]) and chloride ions ([tex]Cl^-[/tex]) in a saturated solution of AgCl is very low, indicating that only a small amount of AgCl has dissolved in the water.

We can say that AgCl is essentially insoluble in water, and any small amount of AgCl that does dissolve in water will immediately re-precipitate out of the solution once the solution becomes saturated with respect to AgCl.

Therefore, we can say that AgCl is essentially insoluble in water, and any small amount of AgCl that does dissolve in water will immediately re-precipitate out of the solution once the solution becomes saturated with respect to AgCl.

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Answer:

D- 0.100L

Explanation:

Answer:

light intensity

Explanation:

The reaction of solid sodium and chlorine gas is a single displacement reaction resulting in sodium chloride.

Given that solid sodium reacts with chlorine gas to form sodium chloride also called as table salt.

The reaction is as follows: [tex]2Na + Cl2 -- > 2NaCl[/tex]

This is an example of a single displacement reaction, also known as a substitution reaction. In this type of reaction a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound.

Here, the sodium (a more reactive element) displaces the chlorine (a less reactive element) from the chloride compound, resulting in sodium chloride (table salt). The sodium atom donates one of its electrons to the chlorine molecule, forming a sodium cation (Na+) and a chloride anion (Cl-). They are then attracted to each other, forming the ionic compound sodium chloride.

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The rate of the reaction will also double and become 0.01068 m/s.

The Arrhenius equation can be used to determine the effect of temperature on reaction rates. A reaction's rate constant is related to temperature by the Arrhenius equation, which is as follows:

[tex]k = Ae^(^-^E^a^/^R^T^)[/tex]

where: k = rate constant

A = frequency factor

e = base of natural logarithms (2.71828...)E

a = activation energy

R = gas constant (8.314 J/(mol K))

T = temperature (in Kelvin)

Since k is directly proportional to the rate of a reaction, we can use the equation to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction. Doubling the temperature will result in the following changes:

If the temperature is doubled, [tex]T_2 = 2T_1[/tex]

The equation becomes:

[tex]k_2 = Ae^(^-^E^a^/^R^T^2)[/tex]

We can now substitute 2T1 for T2:

[tex]k_2 = Ae^(^-^E^A^/^R^(^2^T1^)[/tex]

Simplify:k2 = [tex]Ae^(^-^E^a^/^R^T^1) * e^(^-^E^a^/^R^T^1^)[/tex]

[tex]k_2 = k_1 * e^(^-^E^a^/^R^T^1^) * e^(^-^E^a^/^R^T^1^)[/tex]

[tex]k_2 = k_ 1* e^(^-^2^E^a^/^R^T^1^)[/tex] So, the rate constant doubles if the temperature is doubled since [tex]e^(^-^2^E^a^/^R^T^1^)[/tex] is positive.

Therefore, the rate of a standard reaction will be 0.00543 m/s x 2 = 0.01086 m/s if the temperature is doubled.

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Among the following options, the disadvantage of marble is that it erodes due to pollution. The correct option is 2.

Marble is a kind of rock that is soft and easy to carve when freshly quarried, but hardens as it ages. Marble is a naturally occurring rock that is made up of the mineral calcite. Marble is utilized as a decorative material in architecture and sculpture because of its ability to be polished to a high shine.

Most marbles can be categorized as either calcite or dolomite. The term "marble" is often used in the industry to refer to any polished natural stone, but this is a misnomer. Only true marble, which is a metamorphic rock, can be polished in this manner.

The advantages of marble are as follows:

The disadvantages of marble are as follows:

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The pressure will be 1000 mmHg when the volume is decreased to 80% of the original volume.

Boyle's law, which states that at a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.

We can use Boyle's law. This means that:

P 1V1 = P2V2

Where

In this case, we know that the initial pressure (P1) is 800 mmHg and the initial volume (V1) is 1600 cm3. We want to find the final pressure (P2) when the volume (V2) is decreased to 80% of the initial volume:

V2 = 0.8V1 = 0.8 x 1600 cm3 = 1280 cm3

Substituting these values into Boyle's law, we get:

P1V1 = P2V2

800 mmHg x 1600 cm3 = P2 x 1280 cm3

Solving for P2, we get:

P2 = (800 mmHg x 1600 cm3) / 1280 cm3

P2 = 1000 mmHg

Therefore, the pressure will be 1000 mmHg when the volume is decreased to 80% of the original volume.

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Answer:

it gains mass

Explanation:

metals have incorporated oxygen atoms

Answer:

the water sample with higher salinity will have greater mass, and it will therefore be more dense.

Explanation:

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There are 0.001025 moles of Cu2+ in the sample. Since the concentration of the dissolved brass solution is given as 0.0205 M (molar concentration) for Cu2+.  

Brass is a solid mixture (alloy) made up of 30% zinc and 70% copper. The solvent is the material in greater quantity, and the solute is the substance in smaller quantity. Zinc serves as the solute while copper serves as the solvent in brass.

We can use the following formula to calculate the number of moles of Cu2+ in the sample:

moles Cu2+ = concentration (M) x volume (L)

However, we need to convert the volume from milliliters (mL) to liters (L) in order to use this formula. We can do this by dividing the volume by 1000:

50.0 mL = 50.0 / 1000 L = 0.0500 L

Now we can plug in the values and solve for the number of moles:

moles Cu2+ = 0.0205 M x 0.0500 L

moles Cu2+ = 0.001025 mol

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If the instructions simply told you to reflux until the reaction was complete, you should know when the reaction is complete by observing the reaction progress.

To determine whether or not the reaction is finished, you may rely on various physical and chemical characteristics, such as the reaction colour, temperature, pressure, pH, and solvent composition.

The reaction completion point is the moment at which no further changes in the reaction mixture can be observed or when the reaction mixture reaches a state of equilibrium.

Some typical methods of observing the completion of a reaction include the following: Monitoring the pH by using a pH meter checking the temperature of the solution ensuring the pressure in the reaction vessel to monitor the gas evolution tracking the colour of the reaction mixture.

To summarize when you're told to reflux until the reaction is complete, the only way to know when that happens is to look for observable changes. You should monitor the progress of the reaction by observing the changes in physical and chemical properties.

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The carbonyls that will give an achiral product after a Grignard reaction with CH3MgBr are aldehydes and ketones.

Aldehydes and ketones do not have a chiral center. These have two identical groups attached to the carbonyl carbon.

For example, formaldehyde (CH2O) and acetone (CH3COCH3) will give achiral products after a Grignard reaction with CH3MgBr.

In contrast, carbonyls that have two different groups attached to the carbonyl carbon, such as propanal (CH3CH2CHO) and 2-butanone (CH3CH2COCH3), will give a mixture of enantiomers after a Grignard reaction with CH3MgBr.

This is because the Grignard reagent can attack at either the top face or bottom face of the carbonyl to give an equal mixture of chiral products.

In summary, carbonyls that do not have a chiral center will give an achiral product after a Grignard reaction with CH3MgBr, while carbonyls that have a chiral center will give a mixture of enantiomers.

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Answer:

Explanation:

To determine which metal is more reactive, you could refer to the reactivity series of metals. The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in order of their reactivity with the most reactive metal at the top of the list and the least reactive metal at the bottom.

If you have a copy of a chemistry textbook, you could refer to the chapter on the reactivity of metals or look up the reactivity series in the index. Alternatively, you could consult a periodic table that includes the relative reactivity of the elements. The reactivity series is also often included in reference materials such as handbooks, tables, and charts of chemical data.

Answer:

sunlight Comes from SUN.. a huge burning ball of gas that our planet revolves around

The name of the ionic compounds include:

2. BPo is Berry Polonium oxide

3. Bl₂Tu is Blueberry Tungsten dichloride

4. Cr₂Sn is Cranberry Tin oxide

5. LiSr₂ is Lime Strontium dichromate

6. Or₃Ba₂ is Orange Barium trioxide

Ionic compounds are chemical compounds formed by the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. They are composed of positively charged ions, called cations, and negatively charged ions, called anions. Ionic compounds are typically formed by the reaction of a metal with a nonmetal, or of a metal and a polyatomic ion.

In an ionic compound, the number of positive charges must equal the number of negative charges so that the compound has a neutral overall charge. Ionic compounds tend to have high melting and boiling points, as well as good electrical conductivity in their molten or dissolved states, but are typically brittle solids at room temperature.

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When more sodium chlorate is added, it will increase the amount of products formed in the balanced equation: Sodium chlorate decomposes to produce sodium chloride plus oxygen gas.

The balanced equation for this reaction is: 2NaClO3 → 2NaCl + 3O2.In a chemical reaction, the reactants (sodium chlorate in this case) are transformed into products (sodium chloride and oxygen gas). According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products.

Therefore, the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation must always be proportional and consistent with the number of atoms/molecules in the reactants and products. Since adding more reactant will result in the formation of more products, the coefficients in the balanced equation will need to be adjusted to reflect this increase.

For example, if more sodium chlorate is added, the coefficients for sodium chloride and oxygen gas will increase accordingly to maintain a balanced equation. The equation will look something like this: 2NaClO3 + x → 2NaCl + 3O2 where x represents the additional amount of sodium chlorate added.

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0. 1 M solutions of each of the following salts are: NaCN will be basic, KNO₃ is Neutral, NH₄CI is Acidic, NaHCO₃ is Basic, and Na₃PO₄ will be Basic.

NaCN: Basic, When NaCN dissolves in water, it dissociates into Na+ and CN⁻. The CN⁻ ion can act as a weak base by reacting with water to form OH⁻ and HCN. It will be shown by the following equation:

CN⁻ + H₂O ↔ OH⁻ + HCN

Since the formation of OH⁻ ions leads to an increase in pH, NaCN solution is basic.

KNO₃: Neutral, When KNO₃ dissolves in water, it dissociates into K+ and NO₃⁻. Neither of these ions reacts with water to form H⁺ or OH⁻ ions. Therefore, the solution remains neutral.

NH₄CI: Acidic, When NH₄CI dissolves in water, it dissociates into NH₄⁺ and Cl-. The NH₄⁺ ion can act as a weak acid by reacting with water to form H₃O⁺ and NH₃. It will be shown by the following equation:

NH₄⁺ + H₂O ↔ H₃O⁺ + NH₃

Since the formation of H₃O⁺ ions leads to a decrease in pH, NH₄CI solution is acidic.

NaHCO₃: Basic, When NaHCO₃ dissolves in water, it dissociates into Na⁺ and HCO₃⁻. The HCO₃⁻ ion can act as a weak base by reacting with water to form H₂O and CO₃²⁻. It will be shown by the following equation:

HCO₃⁻ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃ + OH⁻ ↔ CO₃²⁻ + 2H₂O

Since the formation of OH⁻ ions leads to an increase in pH, NaHCO₃ solution is basic.

Na₃PO₄: Basic, When Na₃PO₄ dissolves in water, it dissociates into 3Na+ and PO₄³⁻. The PO₄⁻ ion can act as a weak base by reacting with water to form HPO₄⁻ and OH⁻. It will be shown by the following equation:

PO₄³⁻ + H₂O ↔ HPO₄²⁻ + OH⁻

Since the formation of OH⁻ ions leads to an increase in pH, Na₃PO₄ solution is basic.

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Answer:

hydrogen sulfide (H2S): covalent

Ammonia (NH3): covalent

Methane (CH4): covalent

Nitrous Oxide (N2O): covalent

Explanation:

o  Hydrogen sulfide (H2S is a covalent compound that is composed out of 2 hydrogen atoms.

o  Because one nonmetal combines with another nonmetal to form a covalent compound, ammonia (NH3) is a covalent compound.

o  CH4 (Methane) is a covalent (nonpolar covalent) compound because when two nonmetals combine, they form a covalent compound.

o  Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is a covalent bond. Since the N-N-O bond angle is 1800, the central N makes one covalent bond with N and O.

Answer:

All of the compounds listed above have covalent bonding.

according to science direct,

A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted by the two atomic nuclei.

all of the compounds above share 1 or more pairs of electrons.

A column or plume in hydrodynamics is a vertical body of one fluid moving through another. Momentum (inertia), diffusion, and buoyancy are a few of the factors that govern how the fluid moves (density differences).

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