A radio waves transmitted from a certain radio station is represented by the wave equation: y=0.75 sin⁡〖(0.67πx-2×10^8 πt)〗

Calculate the (i) wavelength of the wave (ii) frequency of the wave (ii) velocity of the wave. Where x, y are in meters while t is in seconds

​

The investigation presented did offer proof in favor of the existence of imperceptible electric force fields.

The force between two charged objects is the electric force, sometimes referred to as the Coulomb force. The interaction of charged particles produces this fundamental force of nature. The magnitudes of the charges on the two objects and the separation between them define the strength of the electric force.

The tape was observed to interact without touching when it was charged by rubbing the tape against one another. The formation of an electric field surrounding the charged tape, which pulls on other nearby charged items, can be used to explain this interaction.

Even though the electric field surrounding the charged tape was not explicitly measured or quantified, the observed interaction between the tape offers a weak indirection for its presence. Hence, the investigation did offer sufficient proof to back up the existence of undetectable electric force fields.

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The change in gravitational potential energy is approximately 93,640 joules.

The change in gravitational potential energy can be calculated using the formula, ΔPE = mgΔh, where ΔPE is the change in gravitational potential energy, m is the mass of the man, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and Δh is the change in height.

The change in height, Δh = 177 m + (-18.5 m) = 158.5 m.

The mass of the man is given as 60.1 kilograms, and the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 meters per second squared. The change in gravitational potential energy.

ΔPE = (60.1 kg)(9.81 m/s^2)(158.5 m) ≈ 93,640 J

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Plate tectonics can result in the formation of faults, folding ridges, mountains, valleys, and volcanic arcs, among other geological features.

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that explains how the Earth's lithosphere (its solid outermost layer) is broken up into several large plates that move relative to each other over the underlying asthenosphere (its partially molten layer). When plates move, they can interact with one another in a variety of ways, including colliding, spreading apart, and sliding past one another. Depending on the type of interaction and the characteristics of the plates involved, these interactions can produce a wide range of geological features.When plates move apart, magma from the earth's mantle can arise to fill the gap, forming new crust and forming mid-ocean ridges like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This is referred to as seafloor spreading.

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The right choice is C)  [tex]\frac{1}{v} +\frac{1}{u} =\frac{1}{f}[/tex] which is the equation that relates u and v

[tex]\frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f} - \frac{1}{v}[/tex]

The slant of this curve can be found by differentiation  [tex]-\frac{1}{u^2} du = 0 + \frac{dv}{v^2} \\[/tex]

⇒ [tex]\frac{dv}{du} = - \frac{v^2}{u^2}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{dv}{du}[/tex]  is the slant which is negative so either curve (c) or curve (a) is correct. Presently the incline relies on the worth of u and v for example it continues to change at each point according to the equation above. So figure (c) is the response.

A convex spherical mirror likewise has a focal point. Occurrence beams lined up with the optical pivot are reflected from the mirror and appear to begin from point F at focal length f behind the mirror. Subsequently, the focal point is virtual in light of the fact that no genuine beams really go through it; they just seem to start from it.

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the complete question is:

In an experiment to find the focal length of a concave mirror, a graph is drawn between the magnitudes of u and v. The graph looks like this:

refer to the attachment for the graph

The distance between the object and the mirror is 13.96 cm, given to 3 significant figures.

The given data are as follows:Object height, h1= 4.50 cmFocal length of the convex mirror, f = −(5.25a) Magnification, m = 1/(2b)We are supposed to find the distance between the object and the mirror, u using the mirror formula. We can use the formula,1/f = 1/u + 1/vSince the mirror is convex, the focal length f is negative.

Therefore, substituting the values in the formula, we get,1/(-5.25a) = 1/u + 1/v⇒ −0.1905 = 1/u + 1/v…… (1)The magnification of an object is given by,m = −v/u where, m is the magnification, u is the distance of the object from the mirror and v is the distance of the image from the mirror. Substituting the values of m and solving for v, we get,v = m×u= (1/(2b))×u…… (2)

We are now supposed to solve the above equations to find the value of u. To do that, we have to substitute equation (2) into (1). On substituting, we get,−0.1905 = 1/u + 1/[(1/(2b))×u]Simplifying the above equation and cross multiplying, we get,(1/(2b))u − 0.1905u = −1On further simplification and solving for u, we get,u = 13.96 cm…… (3).

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Answer:

Impression & Gun

Explanation:

Answer:

To calculate the work done by the teenager, we need to know the force applied and the distance moved.

Since we don't know the force applied, we can assume that it's equal to the weight of the teenager. The weight of the teenager can be calculated by multiplying their mass by the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.81 m/s^2:

weight = mass * acceleration due to gravity

weight = 46 kg * 9.81 m/s^2

weight = 451.26 N

The distance moved is equal to the height of 44 steps:

distance = height of 1 step * 44 steps

distance = 20 cm * 44

distance = 880 cm or 8.8 m

Now we can calculate the work done by the teenager using the formula:

work = force * distance * cos(theta)

where theta is the angle between the force and the direction of movement. Since the teenager is moving vertically upward, the angle theta is 0 degrees, and the cos(0) is equal to 1. Therefore, we can simplify the formula to:

work = force * distance

Plugging in the values we have calculated, we get:

work = 451.26 N * 8.8 m

work = 3977.488 J

Therefore, the work done by the teenager to get to your room is approximately 3977.5 joules.

The light from Galaxy HD1 is believed to have traversed 1.273 10 26 metres.

To convert the distance traveled by the light from Galaxy HD1 from light-years to meters, we can use the following conversion factor:

1 light-year = 9.461×10^15 meters

Therefore, the distance traveled by the light from Galaxy HD1 is:

13.463 billion light-years × 9.461×10^15 meters/light-year = 1.273×10^26 meters

So, the distance traveled by the light from Galaxy HD1 is approximately 1.273×10^26 meters, which is an incredibly large distance. It is important to note that this distance represents the comoving distance, which takes into account the expansion of the universe over time.

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Answer:

In my opinion, Ronaldo

Explanation:

Ronaldo, who holds the record for most Champions League goals of all time, leads Messi by one on that trophy count. Messi, meanwhile, has a greater number of domestic cups and league titles.

What do you think?

Answer:

In my opinion, it's Christiano Ronaldo. But why is Ronaldo better than Messi?

Explanation:

Ronaldo is a more complete player.

His ability to jump and head balls was flawless. Ronaldo is such a complete player, emphasising his complete nature, that he is dangerous in every minute of the game. This is demonstrated by him being the first player in football history to score in every minute of a 90-minute game.

The spring constant with the given data on the period v. mass can be found to be  1. 86.

The spring constant, also known as the force constant or spring stiffness, is a measure of the stiffness of a spring. It is denoted by the letter k and is defined as the amount of force required to stretch or compress a spring by a certain distance (usually measured in meters or centimeters).

When given on a graph, the spring constant is the slope of the line in the graph. The slope of the given line would be the constant that multiplies the independent variable ( x ) which in this case is 1. 86 from the formula :

Period ( s ²) = 1. 86x + 0.0545

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Without experiencing a major change in its orbit, the moon would keep revolving around the sun in the same direction.

If the Earth was suddenly removed from the solar system, the moon would continue to move in its current orbit. This is because the moon's orbit is not only influenced by the gravitational pull of the Earth, but also by the gravitational pull of the sun. The gravitational force of the sun on the moon is much stronger than the gravitational force of the Earth on the moon, as the sun is much more massive than the Earth.

Therefore, the moon would continue to orbit around the sun in its current path, without any significant change in its orbit. However, the absence of the Earth would cause significant changes in the rest of the solar system, as the gravitational interactions between the planets would be altered.

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Answer:

(b) Yes, Rohan's act of using a bicycle instead of a car is environmentally friendly, as it reduces carbon emissions and promotes sustainable transportation. From him, we can learn the importance of making conscious choices that have a positive impact on the environment and our health. We can also learn that small actions, such as choosing to cycle instead of drive, can make a significant difference in reducing our carbon footprint and promoting a more sustainable future.

Answer:

QL = heat lost = Sm * Mm * ΔTm

QL = Sm * 75 g * (212 - 25) = 14,000 Sm    heat lost by metal

QG = 1 cal/gm deg C * 50 g * (25 - 22) = 150 cal / gm deg C  gained water

Since heat loss = heat gained

Sm = 150 / 14,000 = .010 cal / gm deg C

3.24 x [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] N is the force acting on each charge.

We can use Coulomb's law to determine the magnitude and direction of the force on each charge. Coulomb's law states that the force between two charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Let's assume that we are calculating the force on one of the charges located at a corner of the square. The distance between two adjacent charges is 0.1m, and the charge on each corner is 6.00mc, which is 6.00 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] C.

Using Coulomb's law, we can calculate the magnitude of the force on one charge as:

F = kq₁q₂/r²

where k is the Coulomb constant (9 x [tex]10^{9}[/tex] N m²/C²), q₁and q₂ are the charges, and r is the distance between the charges.

If we plug in the values, we get:

F = (9 x [tex]10^{9}[/tex] N m²/C²) * (6.00 x[tex]10^{-6}[/tex] C)² / (0.1m)²

F = 3.24 x [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] N

So the magnitude of the force on each charge is 3.24 x [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] N, and the direction of the force is towards the other charges located at the corners of the square. Since the charges are all the same, the direction of the force will be towards the center of the square.

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Answer:

300m

Explanation:

It is very simple.

200m+100m= 300m

Reduce the volume: Reducing the volume is one of the simplest ways to lessen the sound intensity coming a speaker. As you move farther away from the source of the sound, the intensity of the sound also diminishes.

Nonetheless, regardless of the location, a rock concert can be quite loud. Decibel levels during rock concerts often range from 90 to 120 dB. This decibel level is alarming since it could endanger your ability to hear.

The intensity of the sound is proportional to the square of the distance from the source of the sound wave. The strength of a sound wave depends on whether it travels through a two-dimensional or three-dimensional medium to carry its energy.

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The potential energy at each point:

PE₁ = 1764 J

PE₂ = 1323 J

PE₃ = 0 J

PE₄ = 441 Jh

The kinetic energy at each point:

To find the mechanical energy at each point:

The height at point 4, h = 1.23 m

To calculate the potential energy, kinetic energy, and mechanical energy of the object at each point, we will need to use the following formulas:

Potential energy (PE) = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and h is the height above a reference point.

Kinetic energy (KE) = 0.5mv^2, where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity.

Mechanical energy (ME) = PE + KE

Given:

Mass of the object (m) = 45 kg

Point 1: h = 4 m

Point 2: h = 3 m

Point 3: h = 0 m

Point 4: v = 5.2 m/s

To find the potential energy at each point:

PE₁ = mgh1 = 45 kg x 9.8 m/s^2 x 4 m

PE₁ = 1764 J

PE₂ = mgh2 = 45 kg x 9.8 m/s^2 x 3 m

PE₂ = 1323 J

PE₃ = mgh3 = 45 kg x 9.8 m/s^2 x 0 m

PE₃ = 0 J

PE₄ = mgh4 = 45 kg x 9.8 m/s^2 x h

PE₄ = 441 Jh

KE at point 1 = 0

KE at point 2 = 1764 - 1323 J

KE at point 2 = 441 J

KE at point 3 = 1764 J

To find the kinetic energy at point 4:

KE₄ = 0.5mv^2 = 0.5 x 45 kg x (5.2 m/s)^2

KE₄ = 1219.7 J

To find the mechanical energy at each point:

ME₁ = PE₁ + KE

ME₁ = 1764 J + 0 J = 1764 J

Since the mechanical energy is conserved (ignoring friction and air resistance), we can set ME₁ = ME₂ = ME₃ = ME₄

Solving for h:

ME₁ = ME₄

1764 J = 441 Jh + 1219.7 J

h = (1764 J - 1219.7 J) / (441 J)

h = 1.23 m

Therefore, at point 4, the object has a velocity of 5.2 m/s and a height of 1.23 m.

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13.25 m/s = 47.88 km/h was roughly how fast the punt was moving at the time.

The rate at which distance and time change is what is meant by speed. It has the aspect of temporal and spatial distance. The combination of a fundamental units of distance and time is what is described as the System of units ( si of speed. As a result, the SI unit for speed is the meter per second.

In contrast to velocity, which describes the speed and direction of the an object's movement, speed is the rate of movement along a path. Instead, velocity is a vector while speed is a scalar quantity.

t = (2 * v0 * sin) g

where (9.81 m/s2) is the acceleration caused by gravity.

In order to find t, we must solve for it as follows: t = (2 * v0 * sin) / g 4.30 ≈ (2 * v0 * sin68) / 9.81 v0 = (4.30 * 9.81) / (3 ) * sin68)

0.194 = 13.25 m/s

We may multiply this by 3.6 to get the speed in km/h: 13.25 m/s * 3.6 ≈ 47.88 km/h

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The initial speed 13.25 m/s = 47.88 km/h was roughly how fast the punt was moving at the time.

Speed refers to the rate at which distance and time change. It has a temporal and spatial distance component. The System of units (s of speed) is the amalgamation of fundamental units of time and distance. Consequently, the meter per second is the SI unit for speed.

Speed is the rate of movement along a path, in contrast to velocity, which describes the speed and direction of an object's movement. Speed, on the other hand, is a scalar quantity while velocity is a vector.

                         t = (2 × v₀ × sin) g

where (9.81 m/s2) is the acceleration caused by gravity.

In order to find t, we must solve for it as follows:

t = (2 × v₀ × sin) / g 4.30 ≈ (2 × v₀ × sin 68) / 9.81 v₀

                           = (4.30 × 9.81) / (3 ) × sin 68)

                            0.194 = 13.25 m/s

We may multiply this by 3.6 to get the speed in km/h:

                           13.25 m/s × 3.6 ≈ 47.88 km/h

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Answer:

We can use the impulse-momentum theorem to solve this problem, which states that the change in momentum of an object is equal to the impulse applied to it. The impulse is given by the area under the force vs. time graph, which is shown in the figure.

First, we need to find the initial momentum of the car. Since the car is moving only in the x-direction, we can use the equation:

p_initial = m*v_initial

where p_initial is the initial momentum, m is the mass of the car, and v_initial is the initial velocity of the car. Plugging in the given values, we get:

p_initial = (0.250 kg)(0.860 m/s) = 0.215 kgm/s

Next, we need to find the change in momentum of the car, which is equal to the area under the force vs. time graph. We can approximate this area by dividing it into two triangles and a rectangle, as shown in the figure. The total area can be found as follows:

area = (1/2)(20 N)(0.002 s) + (20 N)(0.004 s) + (1/2)(10 N)(0.002 s)

= 0.06 Ns

Finally, we can use the impulse-momentum theorem to find the final momentum of the car, which is given by:

p_final = p_initial + impulse

where impulse is the area under the force vs. time graph. Plugging in the values, we get:

p_final = 0.215 kgm/s + 0.06 Ns = 0.275 kg*m/s

Since the mass of the car doesn't change during the collision, we can use the equation for momentum to find the final velocity of the car:

p_final = m*v_final

Solving for v_final, we get:

v_final = p_final / m = 0.275 kg*m/s / 0.250 kg = 1.1 m/s

Therefore, the magnitude of the velocity, or final speed of the car in the collision, is 1.1 m/s.

Explanation:

a few images below to understand.

The image distance is 60 cm if  An object is placed 30 cm from the diverging mirror has a focal length of 20cm.

A concave mirror, also known as a converging mirror, has an inwardly recessed reflecting surface (away from the incident light). Concave mirrors focus light inward to a single focal point. They are used to concentrate light. Concave mirrors, unlike convex mirrors, produce different image types depending on the distance between the object and the mirror.

The mirrors are referred to as "converging mirrors" because they collect light that falls on them and refocus parallel incoming rays toward a focus. This is due to the fact that light is reflected at different angles at different spots on the mirror due to the fact that the normal to the mirror surface varies at each spot.

use mirror formula

[tex]\frac{1}{f}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{v}[/tex] + [tex]\frac{1}{u}[/tex]

The image distance is 60 cm

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Jacob will catch up to Pablo in approximately 31.8 seconds.

A constant rate is a fixed or unchanging speed at which a process occurs. It is a measurement of how much something changes in a given amount of time. For example, if a car is traveling at a constant rate of 60 miles per hour, it will cover 60 miles in one hour, regardless of any changes in speed or direction.

An example of constant rate is the speed of a car traveling on a highway with no traffic or other obstacles. As long as the car maintains a steady speed, the rate of its movement remains constant. Another example could be the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds under stable conditions.

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Answer:

grrr I don't know either grrr

The energy source that is not derived directly or indirectly from solar energy is geothermal energy.

Geothermal energy is a type of energy that is generated from heat in the Earth's crust. This heat comes from the Earth's molten core, which is heated by nuclear reactions. Geothermal energy is generated in hot springs, geysers, and volcanoes, and is used to produce electricity by harnessing the energy of hot water and steam.Biomass energy is a renewable energy source that is derived from organic matter, such as wood, crops, and waste materials. Biomass is burned to produce energy, and is often used to power homes and businesses. Hydroelectric energy is generated by harnessing the power of water, which is usually done by building dams and using the energy of falling water to turn turbines. Wind energy is generated by harnessing the power of the wind, which is done by using wind turbines to capture the energy of the wind and turn it into electricity. All of these energy sources are derived directly or indirectly from solar energy, since the sun is responsible for heating the Earth's atmosphere and creating weather patterns that generate wind and precipitation.

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Altitude of Earth's geostationary orbit is approximately 35,786 km above the surface of the Earth.

What is Geostationary?

Geostationary refers to an object in orbit around the Earth that appears to remain fixed in the same position above the Earth's surface. Specifically, a geostationary orbit is an orbit in which a satellite orbits the Earth at the same rate that the Earth rotates, so that the satellite appears to remain stationary relative to a fixed point on the Earth's surface.

The altitude of Earth's geostationary orbit can be found using the formula:

h = R(3/2) * √(M/m)

where:

h is the altitude of the geostationary orbit

R is the radius of the Earth

M is the mass of the Earth

m is the mass of the satellite

For a geostationary orbit, the satellite has a period of 24 hours, which means it orbits the Earth once every 24 hours. This requires the satellite to be at an altitude where its orbital period matches the Earth's rotational period, and this altitude is known as the geostationary orbit.

For a geostationary satellite, the mass of the satellite is negligible compared to the mass of the Earth, so we can assume that m is much smaller than M.

Plugging in the given values, we get:

h = (6.38 x 10^6 m) * (3/2) * √(5.97 x 10^24 kg / m)

h = 35,786 km

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The coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is approximately 0.252

The maximum speed that a car can travel without skidding is determined by the maximum force of static friction that the tires can exert on the road. The formula for this maximum force of static friction is:

f_s = m × g × μ_s

where f_s is the force of static friction, m is the mass of the car, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2), and μ_s is the coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road.

When the car reaches a speed of 20 m/s, it is moving in a circular path of radius 139 m. The centripetal force required to keep the car moving in this circular path is given by:

f_c = m × v^2 / r

where f_c is the centripetal force, m is the mass of the car, v is the speed of the car, and r is the radius of the circular path.

At the point where the tires start to skid, the maximum force of static friction is equal to the centripetal force required to keep the car moving in the circular path:

f_s = f_c

Substituting the formulas for f_s and f_c and solving for μ_s, we get:

m × g × μ_s = m × v^2 / r

μ_s = v^2 / (g × r)

We are given that the car increases its speed at a uniform rate of 5.26 m/s^2. We can use the formula for uniform acceleration to find the time it takes for the car to reach a speed of 20 m/s:

v = u + a × t

20 = 0 + 5.26 × t

t = 20 / 5.26 = 3.8 s

Using this time, we can find the distance traveled by the car before the tires start to skid:

s = u × t + 1/2 × a × t^2

s = 0 + 1/2 × 5.26 × (3.8)^2

s = 36.6 m

Now we can substitute the given values into the formula for μ_s:

μ_s = v^2 / (g × r)

μ_s = (20)^2 / (9.81 × 139)

μ_s = 0.252

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Answer:

Gravity:

It is defined as the force that pulls a body towards the centre of the earth, or towards any other body having mass.

Existence:

We cannot see it with the eye, but that doesn't mean it doesn't exist. After all, we see the effects of gravity. It is the reason why things on Earth fall down while objects in space float around because there is no gravity in space

Determining:

When dealing with gravity between two objects, there are only two things that are important

1. Mass

2. Distance

The force of gravity depends directly upon the masses of the two objects, and inversely on the square of the distance between them.

So we can write

Gravity is directly proportional to sum of masses of the body. More mass of object, more gravitational pull

And inversely proportional to square of distance between there centre. If the body is close to Earth's surface, more gravity and if away from the surface, less gravity

Hope you understand

I would appreciate if you mark my answer brainliest :)

When the wavelength of light is reduced by a factor of two while keeping the intensity constant, the current in a photoelectric effect experiment decreases by a factor of two. In this case, the kinetic energy of photoelectrons ejected from the cathode would also decrease by a factor of two.

What is the photoelectric effect? The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon of the emission of electrons from a metal surface upon the absorption of light. The photoelectric effect is important in the field of physics as it provides evidence that light behaves as both a wave and a particle.

The energy of the ejected electrons depends on the frequency of the incident light and the work function of the metal, which is a measure of how tightly the electrons are held by the metal. If the frequency of the light is above the threshold frequency of the metal, photoelectrons will be emitted.

What happens when the wavelength of light is reduced by a factor of two? We know that the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is given by K = hf - φ, where

h is Planck's constant,

f is the frequency of the light,

and φ is the work function of the metal.

In this formula, we can see that the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is directly proportional to the frequency of the light. When the frequency of the light is reduced by a factor of two, the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is also reduced by a factor of two.

Since the current is directly proportional to the number of photoelectrons emitted per second, which is proportional to the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons, the current will also decrease by a factor of two.

Therefore, when the wavelength of the light is reduced by a factor of two while keeping the intensity constant, the current in a photoelectric effect experiment decreases by a factor of two.

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The main difference between perfectly elastic and inelastic collisions is that In a perfectly elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved, while in an inelastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system decreases.

Perfectly elastic collisions result in no loss of kinetic energy, whereas inelastic collisions result in a loss of kinetic energy. Collisions in which the kinetic energy is conserved are known as perfectly elastic collisions. Two billiard balls colliding are an example of a perfectly elastic collision because they have the same mass, and there is no deformation of the ball. As a result, in a perfectly elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.In contrast, in an inelastic collision, kinetic energy is not conserved.

In an inelastic collision, two or more bodies come together and stick to one another after colliding. When two cars collide, for example, they do not bounce off each other; instead, they become deformed and stick together. A loss of kinetic energy is present in inelastic collisions because the deformation causes some of the energy to be converted to heat, sound, and other forms of energy that are not associated.

Therefore, the differences in the experimental results between perfectly elastic and inelastic collisions are due to the fact that inelastic collisions cause kinetic energy to be lost, while perfectly elastic collisions do not cause kinetic energy to be lost.

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The wavelength for a sound wave with a frequency of 485 Hz. That has a sound wave in the air has a frequency of 420 Hz is 70.7cm and 81.7cm.

Wavelength = speed of sound/frequency

The speed of sound is approximately 343 meters per second.

For a sound wave with a frequency of 485 Hz, the wavelength would be:

wavelength = 343 m/s / 485 Hz = 0.707 m or 70.7 cm

For a sound wave in air with a frequency of 420 Hz, the wavelength would be:

wavelength = 343 m/s / 420 Hz = 0.817 m or 81.7 cm.

Wavelength is a fundamental concept in physics that refers to the distance between two consecutive points on a wave that is in phase, meaning that they are at the same point in their respective cycles. It is usually denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ).

Wavelength is an important property of all types of waves, including electromagnetic waves (such as light), sound waves, and even waves in water. In general, the wavelength of a wave is inversely proportional to its frequency, which is the number of cycles that occur per unit of time. This means that waves with a higher frequency have a shorter wavelength, while waves with a lower frequency have a longer wavelength.

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