The TCA cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
It is a key component of aerobic metabolism, as it generates energy in the form of ATP from the breakdown of glucose and other fuels.
When glucose labeled with 14C is fed to a cell undergoing aerobic metabolism and becomes the sole source of carbon for the TCA cycle, the cycle will incorporate the 14C label into the molecules produced during the cycle.
The TCA cycle involves a series of 8 reactions, in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA enters the cycle, and is converted into 2 molecules of CO2.
Each turn of the TCA cycle will convert 1 molecule of acetyl-CoA into 2 molecules of CO2.
When glucose labeled with 14C is the sole source of carbon for the TCA cycle, 100% of the acetyl-CoA produced from the glucose will be labeled with 14C.
So after the first turn of the TCA cycle, 100% of the 2 molecules of CO2 produced will also be labeled with 14C.
In the second turn of the TCA cycle, one of the two CO2 molecules produced in the first turn will be used to regenerate the unlabeled oxaloacetate.
The other CO2 molecule produced in the first turn will be used to form another molecule of acetyl-CoA, which will again enter the TCA cycle and produce two new molecules of CO2.
So after two turns of the TCA cycle, 50% of the CO2 produced will be labeled with 14C.
This is because one of the two CO2 molecules produced in the first turn will be used to regenerate the unlabeled oxaloacetate, and the other will enter the TCA cycle again.
It's important to note that this is a simplified version of the TCA cycle, in reality, different cells have different levels of metabolic flux and different mechanisms that might contribute to the dilution of the labeled molecules.
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a student conducted an experiment where she ground up different antacids and mixed them with water and a drop of phenol red (a ph indicator), then added drops of hcl (acid). she observed how many drops of acid it took to change the color of the phenol red from red to yellow. what is the independent variable
The different antacids used will be the independent variable.
Antacids are medications that alleviate heartburn and indigestion by decreasing the amount of acid in stomach. They are bases that are used to neutralize acidity (caused by acids) - which occurs when your stomach releases too much of HCl acid in the stomach. They do this neutralization of stomach acid by inhibiting an enzyme that produces acid in order to break down food for digestion (pepsin). High level of acid production in stomach can lead to acidity which may result in production of gases (resulting in bloating and discomfort) and gastric ulcers. Regarding how phenol red acts as a pH indicator, over the pH range of 6.6 to 8.0, its color gradually transitions from yellow to red. When the pH rises above 8.1, phenol red turns a bright pink (fuchsia) color. This color change is caused by phenol red losing protons (and changing color) as the pH rises. But addition of HCl would start imparting the nature of acids to the solution, so the color change would go from red to yellow.
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LEARNING TASK 3
Answer And Solution
1. Calculate the molar mass of Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3)
2. Calculate the molar mass of Lactic acid (C3H6O3)
3. Calculate the molar mass of water (H2O)
4. Calculate the molar mass of ascorbic acid (C6H8O6)
Subject Is Science:-)
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The molar mass of Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) is calculated as follows:
Fe: (2 atoms) x (56 g/mol) = 112 g/mol
O: (3 atoms) x (16 g/mol) = 48 g/mol
Fe2O3 = 112 g/mol + 48 g/mol = 160 g/mol
The molar mass of Lactic acid (C3H6O3) is calculated as follows:
C: (3 atoms) x (12.01 g/mol) = 36.03 g/mol
H: (6 atoms) x (1.01 g/mol) = 6.06 g/mol
O: (3 atoms) x (16 g/mol) = 48 g/mol
C3H6O3 = 36.03 g/mol + 6.06 g/mol + 48 g/mol = 90.09 g/mol
The molar mass of water (H2O) is calculated as follows:
H: (2 atoms) x (1.01 g/mol) = 2.02 g/mol
O: (1 atom) x (16 g/mol) = 16 g/mol
H2O = 2.02 g/mol + 16 g/mol = 18.02 g/mol
The molar mass of ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) is calculated as follows:
C: (6 atoms) x (12.01 g/mol) = 72.06 g/mol
H: (8 atoms) x (1.01 g/mol) = 8.08 g/mol
O: (6 atoms) x (16 g/mol) = 96 g/mol
C6H8O6 = 72.06 g/mol + 8.08 g/mol + 96 g/mol = 176.14 g/mol
write a balanced thermochemical equation with phase labels for the haber process with the heat energy as part of the equation.
The equation that is balanced during the process that results in the creation of ammonia ls [tex]N_{2}[/tex] + [tex]3H_{2}[/tex] ↔↔↔[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]
The identical amount of atoms of each element must be present on the product and reactant sides of the chemical equation to produce ammonia: [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]
Every time we perform a reaction, some heat is either released or dissolved. The total heat released or dissolved during a chemical process is known as the enthalpy change.
Endothermic refers to the absorption of energy to generate the product, whereas exothermic refers to the release of energy. Since one travels forward while the other goes backward, both processes defy logic.
In the Haber reaction, 2 moles of ammonia gas are created from a reaction between 1 mole of nitrogen gas and 3 moles of hydrogen gas.
The chemical equation for the Haber process as it relates to the generation of ammonia gas is thus:
[tex]N_{2} + 3H_{2}[/tex] ⇒⇒[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]
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4
Drag each number to the correct location.
Simplify each expression, and classify the result
rational or Irrational
V64
205-316
V42
168
5(4V5 – 355)
573 - V3
2V3
77-V147
Rational Number
Irrational Number
Reset
Next
205–316: Rational Number V64: Irrational Number Rational Number 5 (4V5 - 355): Irrational Number 573 - V3: Irrational Number 2V3: Irrational Number 77-V147: Irrational Number.
V42: Irrational Number 168 Please be aware that irrational numbers are denoted by the symbol "V," which stands for "square root of," the equations are simplified, and the outcomes are not precise values; rather, they are categorized as rational or irrational based on their mathematical characteristics.A real number that cannot be represented as a repeating or terminating decimal, as well as a ratio of integers (i.e., as a fraction), is said to be irrational. In other words, a number that is irrational cannot be expressed as a finite fraction or a finite decimal.The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, or pi, is the most well-known example of an irrational number. Due to its inability to be represented, it is an irrational number.
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in a compound, which type of bond is the sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms?
In a compound, covalent bond type of bond is the sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms.
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms and compound. In a covalent bond, the shared electrons are located in the region between the nuclei of the two atoms, and the bond results in a lower energy state for the atoms involved. Covalent bonds are formed between atoms that have similar electronegativities, meaning they have a similar attraction for electrons. They are typically formed between non-metal atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Covalent bonds can be single, double or triple depending on the number of electrons shared between the atoms.
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What chemical reactions are likely to have an element as one of its products?
Answer:
In simple synthesis reactions involving reaction of elements, such as aluminum metal reacting with chlorine gas, the product will be a simple compound containing both elements. In this case, it is easiest to consider the common charges that the elements adopt as ions and build your product accordingly.
Explanation:
between methoxybenzene and toluene, which has greater separation between signals for the ortho, meta and para hydrogens?
Between methoxybenzene and toluene, toluene has greater separation because toluene has an attached methyl group, whereas benzene does not .
A hydrogen molecule is referred to as ortho hydrogen if both of its nuclei spin in the same direction. When both hydrogen nuclei are spinning in opposite directions, the molecule is referred to as para hydrogen. Ordinary dihydrogen is created when ortho and para hydrogen are in equilibrium.
Ortho substitution has two substituents in the ring's 1 and 2 locations, whereas para substitution has two substituents in the 1 and 4 positions. This is the main distinction between ortho para and meta substitution. Meta replacement, on the other hand, has two substitutes in positions 1 and 3.
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aroma 101:volatility is defined as group of answer choices how quickly a substance solidifies how quickly a substance will react with another substance the speed or rate at which a substance evaporates when exposed to the air the speed at which a plant produces an essential oil
The volatile is defined as the speed or rate at which a substance evaporates when exposed to the air.
The Volatility is indicated by the substance's vapor pressure. It is the tendency of the substance to the speed at which it vaporizes or evaporates. The Substances with the higher vapor pressure will be vaporize more easily at the given temperature than compared to the substances with the lower the vapor pressure.
Thus, the speed or rate at which a substance evaporates when exposed to the air is termed as the volatility. It is tendency of the substances to get vaporize.
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the natural decay of ddt is a first order process with a half-life of 56 days. what is the rate constant, k, of ddt decomposition?
A first order process' rate constant, k, can be computed using the formula: k = 0.693/half-life.
What does equation mean in its entirety?A equation is a scientific statement indicating that two sums or values are equal, such as 6 x 4 = 12 x 2. When two or more components must be taken into account collectively in order to comprehend or describe the overall situation, this is known as an equation.
What sort of equation would that be?The meaning of an equation in algebra is a scientific statement that demonstrates the equality of two mathematical expressions. For instance, the equation 3x + 5 = 14 consists of the two equations 3x + 5 and 14, which are separated by the 'equal' sign.
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Assume that 1. 5 g of lauric acid is combusted and all heat energy released is transferred to a 325 g sample at 25 degrees C. Calculate the final temperature if delta Hcombustion is -37 kJ/G and the specific heat of water is 4. 18 J/gK
88 degrees the final temperature if delta Hcombustion is -37 kJ/G and the specific heat of water is 4. 18 J/gK
delta H= Cs* delta T
delat T= delta h / cs(specific heat)
delta T= -37/4.18
delta T = 88 degrees
A calorimeter is used to calculate combustion heats. The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise one gramme of that substance's temperature by one degree Celsius. A material will store heat energy more effectively if its specific heat capacity is higher. When one mole of a substance burns, the quantity of energy produced as heat (q) is measured as the heat of combustion (H°c) (combustion). When a reaction generates heat, it is an exothermic process that releases energy.
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predicting products of chemical reactions worksheet answers
Consider this molecular-level representation of a mixture of gases. There are three gas particles containing two spheres. There are six gas particles containing a single sphere of a different color. There are five gas particles containing a single sphere of a third color. If the partial pressure of the diatomic gas is 0. 780 bar , what is the total pressure of the system
If the partial pressure of the diatomic gas is 0. 780 bar, then the total pressure of the system is 3.64 bar
Given data :-
Number of particles of diatomic gas = 3
Number of particles of monatomic gas = 6
Number of particles of another monoatomic gas = 5
Total number of particles (or) moles in the gas mixture = 3 + 6 + 5 = 14 particles (or) moles
We know that,
Mole fraction = Number of moles of given gas / Total number of moles
Therefore,
Mole fraction of diatomic gas = Number of moles of diatomic gas / Total number of moles of mixture
=> [tex]\frac{3}{14}[/tex]
=> 0.214
Given partial pressure of diatomic gas = 0.780 bar
Raoult's law states that a gas's partial pressure in a mixture (or system) is equal to its mole fraction times the mixture's overall pressure.
Partial pressure of gas = Mole fraction × Total pressure
So,
Total pressure of system = Partial pressure of diatomic gas / Mole fraction of diatomic gas
[tex]P_{Total} = \frac{0.780}{0.214}[/tex]
=> [tex]P_{Total} = 3.64[/tex] bar.
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describe the two alternative hypotheses that mendel considered for how two characters might segregate during gamete formation, and explain how he tested those hypotheses.
Mendel contemplated two other theories for how two characteristics might diverge during gamete formation:
1. According to the blending theory, when two people with distinct qualities unite, the resultant offspring will combine both traits in an equal amount. For instance, the offspring of a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant will produce pink flowers.
2. According to this idea, genes are small, discrete units (particles) that when two people with different traits mate, their kids will either inherit one or the other trait. For instance, the child of a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant will have either red or white flowers, but not both.
Mendel experimented on pea plants to verify these theories. He crossed plants that were true-breeding for various qualities, such as tall plants with small plants and purple-flowered plants with white-flowered plants, and he looked at the inheritance patterns in the progeny. He discovered that his results supported the particulate hypothesis because the qualities were inherited in a predictable, Mendelian manner (i.e. dominant and recessive genes). His data did not support the blending theory because the kids did not exhibit a blend of both features.
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5) A vast, underwater mountain chain is called a(n).
OA) deep-sea trench
OB) oceanic crust
OC) ocean ridge
OD) ocean floor sediment
White-tailed deer are mammals. Mammals have a reproductive strategy
that is not found in all animals.
Which two statements provide a cause and effect of the reproductive
strategy of white-tailed deer that helps them survive?
A. It requires two parents.
B. It requires only one parent.
C. It causes very fast growth and development.
D. It produces genetic variation within a population.
E. It results in individuals being identical to one parent.
This lack of genetic variation can lead to a decrease in the population’s ability to survive and adapt to changing environments, resulting in a population that is more at risk of extinction.
Which two statements provide a cause and effect of the reproductive strategy of white-tailed deer that helps them survive?A. It requires two parents. - CauseD. It produces genetic variation within a population. - EffectThe reproductive strategy of white-tailed deer helps them survive because it requires two parents.This helps ensure that the young deer receive the care and protection of both parents, which increases their chance of survival.Additionally, the two-parent strategy of the deer produces genetic variation within a population.This variation allows for natural selection to take place and for the population to adapt to changing environments. As a result, members of the population are more likely to survive and reproduce, creating a more resilient population.In contrast, a one-parent strategy, such as parthenogenesis, produces individuals that are identical to one parent.This lack of genetic variation can lead to a decrease in the population’s ability to survive and adapt to changing environments, resulting in a population that is more at risk of extinction.To learn more about The reproductive strategy refer to:
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write equation of 1. methanol and ethanoic acid 2.ethanol and butanoic acid
Answer:
(1) methanol is also known as methyl alcohol.
CH3-OH
term "meth" means one that's why only one carbon atom are there.
(2) Ethanoic acid has the functional group of carboxylic acid which is (-COOH).
The term "eth" means two that's why two carbon atoms are there.
CH3-CH2-COOH
(3) Ethanol is an alcohol that has a functional group of alcohol that is (-OH)
The term "eth" means two that's why two carbon atoms are there.
CH3-CH2-OH
(4) Butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid that has a functional group of (-COOH)
The term "But" means four that's why four atoms of carbon are there.
CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH
The question must be Write the formula of
1. Methanol
2. ethanoic acid
3 ethanol
4. butanoic acid
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The grass on a hill washes away after a heavy rain. The animals that eat the grass leave the area to find food somewhere else. A group of
students wants to make the hill the way it was before the rain. They want a solution that will last a long time. They plan to replant the grass
and bring mice from a pet store to live on the hill.
Does their solution meet all of their needs? Choose yes or no and one reason why
if the grass will be replanted and transported pet store mice to dwell on the hill.No, their solution does not meet all of their needs.
One reason is that, even if the grass is replanted, it may still wash away in future heavy rains if the underlying soil erosion problem is not addressed. The students should consider ways to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion, such as building terraces or planting vegetation that can hold the soil in place. Additionally, bringing pet store mice may not be a good solution since mice are not native to that area and could cause problems for the local ecosystem.
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if 22.4 grams of an aqueous solution of manganese(ii) iodide, mni2, contains 4.69 grams of manganese(ii) iodide, what is the percentage by mass of manganese(ii) iodide in the solution?
Manganese(II) With the formula MnI2, iodide is a chemical compound made up of iodide and manganese.
What is chemical compound ?Cadmium iodide is the crystal structure that the anhydrous chemical adopts. The pink tetrahydrate is widely known. MnI2(H2O)4's iodides are trans, in contrast to MnX2(H2O)4, which is cis for X = Cl, Br. As a source of manganese ions or iodide ions, it can also be utilized as a pink pigment. The lighting sector frequently employs it.Name: Manganese(II) Manganous iodide is another name for iodide, and its chemical formula is MnI2.Examples of reactions include the following:4HI + MnO2 = 2H2O + MnI2 + I2 and 2NaI + MnSO4 = MnI2 + Na2SO4.
Specifically, MnI2 + Na2CO3 = 2NaI + MnCO3 and MnI2 + 2AgNO3 = 2AgI + Mn (NO3)2.
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please help!!
Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28.8 years. If you start with a 10-gram sample of strontium-90, how much will be left after 115.2 years? Justify your answer.
The amount that will be left after 115.2 years, given that you started with 10 grams sample of strontium-90 is 0.625 g
How do I determine the amoun remaining after 115.2 years?To obtain the amount that will be left after 115.2 years, we shall begin our calculation by obtaining the number of half lives that has passed.
The number of half lives that has passed can be obtained as followed:
Half-life (t½) = 28.8 yearsTime (t) = 2 months = 115.2 yearsNumber of half-lives (n) =?n = t / t½
n = 115.2 / 28.8
n = 4
Thus, 4 half lives has passed.
Finally, we shall determine the amount that will be left after 115.2 years. This is illustrated below:
Number of half-lives (n) = 4Original amount (N₀) = 10 gAmount remaining (N) = ?N = N₀ / 2ⁿ
N = 10 / 2⁴
N = 10 / 16
N = 0.625 g
Thus, we can conclude that the amount that will be left after 115.2 years is 0.625 g
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Is a covalent bond formed between a metal and a non-metal?
No, Covalent bond cant not be formed between a metal and non-metal. ionic bonds between metals and nonmetals.
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms exchange one or more pairs of electrons. The two atomic nuclei are concurrently drawing these electrons to them. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to create ions, a covalent bond is formed. Bonding electrons are collectively referred to as the electrons that are present between the two nuclei. The "glue" that holds the atoms in molecular units together is the bound pair. By taking into account whether each element is a metal or nonmetal, it is possible to forecast the kind of bond that will develop between two elements. Covalent bonds between nonmetals, ionic bonds between metals and nonmetals, and metallic bonds between metals are the three types of bonds that typically form. Covalent bonds, which produce an irreversible binding and a high surface coverage, are mostly generated between side-chain-exposed functional groups of proteins and properly modified transducer surfaces. Covalent immobilisation is one of the most often utilised techniques, and it involves randomly coupling the antibody's free amino groups to a sensor surface.
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. in lecture, we saw that phosphate groups can be added to the side chains of amino acids. is that what is occurring here? briefly explain your answer.
27% of phosphate groups bind to only one amino acid, but there is a wide distribution, with 3% of phosphates binding to seven residues.
what is amino acids?
Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left. The human body uses amino acids to make proteins to help the body: Break down food.Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are the molecules that all living things need to make protein, and you need 20 of them to help your body function properly. Your body makes 11 of the necessary amino acids.Amino acids are the basic building units of proteins. Their molecule posses both an amino group as well as a carboxylic group. The amino acids having amino and carboxyl group attached to the same carbon, i.e., alpha-carbon atom is called as alpha-amino acids. Example: Glycine , Alanine etc.To learn more about amino acid refers to;
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according to the law of conservation of mass determine the missing mass of one of the products. 15 g lead nitrate is reacted with 15 g potassium iodide to produce (?g) lead iodide and 10 g potassium nitrate. how much lead iodide was produced(? g ) ? reactants: lead nitrate and potassium iodide products: lead iodide and potassium nitrate group of answer choices 10 g lead iodide 36 g lead iodide 40 g lead iodide 20 g lead iodide
The majority of the lead(II) iodide in the solution precipitates out as a yellow solid flag.
Define lead iodide?
Lead iodide is used as a precursor in the fabrication of solar cells. Used as an organic solvent. Used as photon detector for X-rays and gamma-rays. Used in the manufacturing of thermoelectric materials. Used in photography.Lead Iodide is an odorless, bright yellow, heavy powder. It is used in bronzing, gold pencils, mosaic gold, printing and photography.Lead is still widely used for car batteries, pigments, ammunition, cable sheathing, weights for lifting, weight belts for diving, lead crystal glass, radiation protection and in some solders. It is often used to store corrosive liquids.To learn more about iodide refers to:
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lit the 9 place on earth where frehwater i found, putting them in order from greatet amount to mallet amount
Ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater are the sources of freshwater.
96.5% of all the Earth's water is contained within the oceans as saltwater, while the remaining 3.5% is freshwater lakes and frozen water locked up in glaciers and the polar ice caps.Water also exists in the air as water vapourWater, in rivers and lakes, in icecaps and glaciers, in the ground as soil moisture and in aquifers. The vast majority of water on the Earth's surface is saline water in the oceans. Over 68 percent of the freshwater on Earth is found in icecaps and glaciers, and just over 30 percent is found in groundwater. Only about 0.3 percent of our freshwater is found in the surface water of lakes, rivers, and swamps. The Antarctic ice sheet holds about 90 percent of the fresh water that exists on the Earth’s surface.Go through the given link below to know more about freshwater:-
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true or false: the part of the still where the steam is changed back into water is called the condenser.
True - the part of the still where the steam is changed back into water is called the condenser.
Device known as a condenser that turns a gas or vapour into a liquid Condensers are used in refrigeration plants to condense refrigerant vapours such ammonia and fluorinated hydrocarbons as well as in power plants to condense turbine exhaust steam.
The condenser's job is to take the high-pressure gas coming from the compressor and turn it into a liquid. By using the idea that heat will always travel from a warmer to a cooler substance, it accomplishes this.
Simply put, a condenser is a cooling system. Condensers, often referred to as heat rejectors, are used in every refrigeration system and power plant to condense refrigerant vapours or steam. Shell and tube condenser and air cooled condenser are the two main types utilised nowadays.
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PLEASE HELP ME!! 50 Points and BRAINLIEST if you get it right!
Use the information in the table to calculate deltaSrxn for each of these reactions. Round all answers to nearest whole number.
S (reaction) = 2.70 + 1.205 - 2,109.6 ,S ° (reaction) = 125.8 J / mol K
Calculate reactions?Entropy (S, abbreviated as entropy) in thermodynamics represented the degree of system disorder.
Entropy, like other thermodynamic concepts, can only be determined from the beginning and ending states.
Then energy is converted into different forms, entropy will also change.
Standard entropy data allow for the calculation of S °'s value.
The formula is S ° (reaction) = S ° (product) - S ° (reagent)
The standard thermodynamic quantities for chemical substances at 25 °C for entropy can be found in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics data table, 84th Edition (2004) as follows: (Supporting evidence can be found in other data.)
NH3 (g) = 192.8 J/mol K.
O2 (g) = 205 J per mole of K
Water (g) = 188.8 J/mol K
H2O (mol) = 70 J/mol K
NO2 (g)=240.1 J/mol K
H₂O₂ (l) = 109.6
S (reaction) = 2.70 + 1.205 - 2,109.6
S ° (reaction) = 125.8 J / mol K.
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organic structures are superior to mechanistic structures. [see p.153] group of answer choices true false
The given statement " organic structures are superior to mechanistic structures. " is true because a mechanical organizational structure is distinguished by its high degree of oversight, and complexity, but also formalization.
An organic organizational structure, in the other hand hand, was distinguished by low centralization, formalization, as well as complexity.
An organic organizational system is fluid and adaptable. It is connected with decentralized decision-making, low hierarchies, broad spans of even more control, informal communication, and then a willingness to adapt to change.
Mechanistic Design The organization is built around a structured and formal network. It is ideal for firms that work in a precise or stable environment even though it was simple to maintain and requires little change.
__"The given question is incomplete. the complete question is:
Organic structures are superior to mechanistic structures"". __
(a) True
((b) False
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which of the following statements correctly describe a resonance hybrid? select all that apply.multiple select question.the true structure of the resonance hybrid is the structure of the most stable contributor.the resonance hybrid is stabilized due to delocalization of electrons.a resonance hybrid rapidly interconverts between the possible resonance forms.equivalent resonance forms contribute equally to the overall structure of the hybrid.a resonance hybrid has a single structure.
The most stable contributor's structure is the genuine structure of the resonance hybrid. The delocalization of electrons is what stabilizes the resonance hybrid. The potential resonance forms are quickly interconverted by a resonance hybrid.
Equivalent resonance types equally contribute to the hybrid's overall structure. Consider the resonance hybrid structure of a carboxylate group as an example. Different resonance contributors do not always contribute equally to the hybrid structure until they are equivalent to one another in terms of stability, as is the case for the carboxylate group, which has equivalent contributions from A and B as shown in the given figure. One resonance structure will more closely resemble the “actual” (hybrid) structure than another if it is more stable (lower in energy) than the other.
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Use relative differences in electronegativity to label the ends of the polar molecules listed as partially positive or partially negative.
1) H is partially positive F is partially negative
2) H is partially positive Br is partially negative
3) H is partially positive O is partially negative
4) C is partially positive O is partially negative.
What is electronegativity?When we talk about electronegativity, we mean the fact that, in the compound, there is a part that is partially negative and there is a part that is partially positive.
The part of the compound that is partially negative is the part of the compound that is able to attract the pair of electrons that are shared by the two atoms to itself.
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Explain how the iron atom can form both an iron 2+ ion and an iron 3+ ion
To form the 2+ ion the iron atom loses the 4s2 electrons. When forming the 3+ ion the iron atom loses the 4s2 electrons and one 3d electron.
What is an ion?An ion is described as an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention.
During the formation of ionic bonds positive ion is attracted to a negative ion and lattice energy is released.
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pre-lab questions 1. how does an increase in concentration affect a chemical reaction? 2. when temperature increases, what happens to the molecules in a chemical reaction? 3. how do we measure the average kinetic motion of molecules in a solution?
The concentration of molecule and temperature has a positive correlation with the chemical reaction. The higher the concentration and temperature, the faster the reaction rate will be. The average kinetic can be calculated by using this formula KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}[/tex].
What are the factors that affect the reaction rate?There are some factors that affect the motion of the molecules:
Concentration of moleculeTemperatureIf the concentration is increased, more particles move together. There will be more collisions and the chemical reaction rate is increased.
The rate of a chemical reaction can be changed caused by the temperature. If the temperature is increased, it will raise the average kinetic energy of the molecule and cause it moves more quickly.
The amount of kinetic energy can be calculated with the equation:
KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}[/tex] . The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on its mass and velocity. The faster a molecule moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
Thus, increasing the concentration and temperature will increase the rate of reaction. The average kinetic energy can be calculated by using this formula KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}[/tex]
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